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Paper Presentation at the World Organization of Systems and Cybernetics (WOSC) 16th Congress with title: “Our Self-organising World: from Disruption to Reparation” 15-17 Octubre 2014, Ibagué, Colombia
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Sustainability and governanceComplexity and contradictions in Ecuador
Nicholas Anastasopoulos PhD Prometeo Researcher, IAENLecturer, National Technical University of Athens
WOSC 2014 –Ibagué 15-17 October, 2014
Ecuador currently represents a paradigm shift.
Major strategic efforts are being made for a transition to another economic model, less dependent on non-renewable resources. The strategic plan revolves around a vision for a transition from an extractivist to a social and knowledge-based economy.
The Ecuadorian experiment
The Ecuadorian context
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Over the past eight years, Ecuador has been experiencing an undeniable array of changes and reforms. These address issues of equality, justice, education and plurality.
In November 2008, Ecuador became the first country to undertake an examination of the legitimacy and structure of its foreign debt.
The new National Constitution (2009 ) introduces two innovative concepts in legal history worldwide, marking a significant departure from western thought: The Rights of Nature and the concept of Buen Vivir.
Sustainability is being recognized as a critical goal for every society.
Sustainability is a relative, normative, dynamic and contestable term and it indicates
the capacity of being maintained in existence without interruption or diminution.
(Birkeland, 2002; Edwards, 2010; Fiksel, 2006b).
As a term being approached through many different disciplines, sustainability is
heavily discussed and perhaps overused. The term is being freely used in
architecture, buildings, infrastructures and the economy.
In addition, given the complex and often conflicting parameters surrounding
applicability of the term in various fields and contexts, confusion is bound to arise
while usually, the interwoven intricate relationships between societies and their
environment tend to be downplayed and misunderstood.
The Ecuadorian context
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Scalar Sustainability
Scalar Sustainability
Global
National
Bio-regional
Regional
Local
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Multi-level Sustainability
Environmental
SocialEconomic
Political
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
The Ecuadorian context
Global, regional and national Spheres of influence
REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY
LOCAL SUSTAINABILITY
The Yasuni Yachay/ The City of Knowledge
Scalar and Multilevel Sustainability diagram for the four case studies in Ecuador
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The FLOK Society project Free, Libre, Open Knowledge Society
LOCAL SUSTAINABILITY
LOCAL SUSTAINABILITYLOCAL SUSTAINABILITY
NATIONAL AND REGIONAL
GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY
La Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM
The Ecuadorian context
Scalar and Multilevel Sustainability diagram for the four case studies in Ecuador
Amazonia Transition of the economy
Yasuní IKIAM FLOK Society
Yachay
SCALAR SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Yachay, la Ciudad del Conocimiento (city of knowledge), is an ambitious project in the province of
Imbabura which calls for the creation of a city around education, research and innovative production.
It covers a huge area of 4.200 hectares.
Its population at the time of maturity which is meant to be 2045 is expected to reach 120.000.
Yachay, la Ciudad del Conocimiento
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Sustainability within a complexity context
IKIAM will be a research centre integrated with the environment and a university campus that will address the complexity and biodiversity of the Amazon in a highly innovative approach.
La Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Sustainability within a complexity context
FLOK Society ( FLOK stands for Free Libre, Open Knowledge) is a research
project which took place between November 2013 and May 2014. It’s main
task was to generate policy recommendations for a transition to a knowledge-
based economy took place in Ecuador.
Recommendation papers produced, as paert of the FLOK Society Research project,
address among others an
Institutionality for Social Economy and for a Public Policy for a Partner State,
Open Technical Infrastructures on Free Hardware and Software,
Connectivity, Cyber security,
Commons-oriented Productive Capacities on Distributed energy and sustainable
agriculture,
Open and free culture,
Transitioning to a commons-based society and the Territorial Organization of
the Knowledge Economy.
FLOK Society
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Yaneer Bar-YamNew England Complex Systems Institute
Governance categories
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
The Ecuadorian context
Governance and Sustainability
Es imperante resaltar que gracias al aprovechamiento responsable de nuestros recursos naturales no renovables se han fortalecido los sectores de salud, educación, infraestructura, y es producto de esta renta petrolera que podemos potenciar la estrategia de desarrollo de nuestro país, en tal sentido con nuestros recursos naturales bien invertidos podemos mejorar y desarrollar nuestro talento humano para salir del extractivismo, y consolidar una sociedad del conocimiento, es decir “usar el extractivismo para salir del extractivismo”.
It is imperative to note that thanks to the responsible use of our non-renewablenatural resources we have strengthened the sectors of health, education, infrastructure, and thanks to the product of the oil revenues we can enhance thedevelopment strategy of our country. In this sense it is through our resources natural well spent that we can improve and develop our human talent to emerge fromextraction, and consolidate a knowledge society, ie "use extractivism to exit theextractivism" .
Speech to the National Assembly (Rivadeneira Burbano, 2013, p. 2)
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Governance and Sustainability
The Ecuadorian context
Diagnosis of Sustainability in a high diversity environment
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Global environment
Indigenous communities
Research, education and visitors
Petroleum industry
Other economic activities
1
2
3
4
5
AMAZONIA
M
o
M
o
M
o
M
o
o
o
o
E
E
E
E
E
2
3
4
5
1
The Ecuadorian context
M
AMAZONIA
o
M
o
M
o
M
o
o
o
o
E
E
E
E
E
2
3
4
5
Global environment
Indigenous communities
Research, education and visitors
Petroleum industry
Other economic activities
1
2
3
4
5
Stability and conflict resolution6
Synergy7
1
6
7
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Diagnosis of Sustainability in a high diversity environment
The Ecuadorian context
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Diagnosis of Sustainability in a high diversity environment
The Ecuadorian context
The managerial approach of getting things done efficiently and while sticking to an originalschedule and vision or strategy, has been the leitmotif of the country’s governance model.
This has occurred to the expense of recursiveness and sufficient space of assessment anddialog. This has meant more concentration of power to fewer bodies and individuals, and lessdistribution of decision-making responsibilities. The result is often a breakdown incommunication and exchange of vital information. Self and bottom-up organization is at oddswith centralization. Provision for appropriate, all-inclusive recursive systems will allow forassessment of data and flexible responses.
Sustainability within a complexity context
Scalar and Multilevel sustainability
Case studies in Ecuador
Governance and sustainability conflicts
A VSM diagnosis
Conclusions
Diagnosis of Sustainability in a high diversity environment
The Ecuadorian context
The Ecuadorian experiment has succeeded in introducing positive changes towards socialprogress and in achieving improvement in education, health and public services and access byall people. The strategic plan addresses scalar and multilevel sustainability through variousprojects, some of which were introduced here.
In order for the economy and the social well-being to be sustained to the present levels, thepresent model of development is dependent on extractivism and until a transition to a non-extractivist economy has been achieved it is unrealistic to de-link social sustainability withoutoil extraction for the foreseeable future.But this will not be enough.
In order for negative feedback cycles to be broken, an alternative model of post-growtheconomy needs to be adopted for environmental sustainability .
A recursive governance model needs to be examined for social and political sustainability.
Thank you!
Nicholas Anastasopoulos PhD Prometeo Researcher, IAENLecturer, National Technical University of Athens