GROUP B(SHEEP)

INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

“BUFFALO BREEDS OF PAKISTAN”

a heavily built wild ox with backswept horns, found mainly in the Old World tropics.

BUFFALO IS…!

Buffaloes are economical and popular animal with farmers; in Asia where around

97 percent (165.4 million) of the world's buffaloes (170.5 million) are found

CLASSIFICATION:

CLASSIFICATION

AnimaliaChordata

Mammalia

BovidaeBubalus

Species:

Kingdom:Phylum:

Class:

Family: Genus:

bubalis

• especially suitable for tilling rice fields, and famous for their milk yield.

•its potential as a meat producer has been discovered.

Swamp buffalo(S.E ASIA)

River buffalo (S.ASIA)

KINDS OF BUFFALO’S

Azikheli Khundi Nili ravi

BREEDS IN PAKISTAN

NILI-RAVI (BLACK GOLD OF PAKISTAN)

Introduction:• The Niliravi is a water buffalo breed. • Ranked the best in the world for excellent milk yield and dairy products..

Originally nili and ravi were two different breeds until 1950.

HOMETRACT: Between the Sutluj and Ravi rivers of the

undivided Punjab Province.

Due to excellent dairy producion found all over the Pakistan

HABITATE:

• Body color: usually black • Horns: small, tightly curled.• Eye: usually walled eyes.• Tail: thick at the base, gradually tapers towards the end and

extends below hocks with a white switch.• Body: large size and have deep and low set frame.

Physical characteristics

• Neck: long and thin in females while it is thick and

powerful in the male. • Udder: well shaped, capacious and extends well

forward upto naval flap.• Teats: long, even squarely placed.

it bears white markings on the forehead, face, muzzle and legs and white switch of tail. (buffaloes with such markings highly desired and popularly called "Panj Kalian").

• Head: elongated, bulging at top and is depressed

between eyes.

AGE WEIGHT LENGTH height

MALE 30months 800kg 158.8cm 137.2cm

FEMALE 36months 525kg 148.6cm 135.9cm

PRODUCTION PARAMETERS:

• Kundhi is one of the water buffaloes.• It belongs to genus “Babulus babulis”.• It is of river types and thrives best in irrigated areas.

Introduction

KHUNDI

• throughout Sindh, particularly on both sides of the Indus river.

• some parts of Balochistan. HOMETRACT: • rice growing tracts of the Karachi and Hyderabad districts.• wet/dry areas of Karkana.• irrigated areas of Khairpur.• Sukkhar district.

HABITATE:

• Kundhi are massive jet black animals.• Neck is thin in females and thick in males.• Their legs are short and staright.• Dewlap is absent.• Tail is long and thin.• Hindquarters in females are heavier and wider than in

males • The udder is moderately developed.• Teats are medium sized.• Their weight is 320 to 450 kg.• Milk yield average is 2000 kg during 320 day.• Height at withers of adult female is 125 cm and Height

at withers of adult male is 135 cm.

Characteristics:

male female

Purpose of Production:

Milk production:

MILK PRODUCTION: average of 445 milk production records was 3680 lb in lactation period of 335 day. It was concluded that: About 20 percent of the animals were below economic level of production. 40 % could be consider self solvent. about 40 % as economic producers. Only 3.6 % can be classify as high producers.

source:http://www.cabi.org

INTRODUCTION:Azi kheli is another buffalo breed of Pakistan that has significant importance in milk production specially.

AZI-KHELI

“Azi-Khelies have been named after a local tribe ‘Aziz Khell”

AZI-KHELI

Khwaza Khella Madyan areas of Swat district about 175 km north east

of Peshawar in KPK can be found in whole valley of Swat.

Habitate:

CHARECTERISTICS:•Colour variation in Azi-Kheli is quite pronounced, varying from complete albino animals to piebald to even black.•Young animals have normal brownish hair, while hair coat usually becomes scanty and thin in adults.•Forehead has a white marking of varying size and can be totally white with a tapering face.•Horns are small semi-sickled in shape.•The tail is characteristically short and slender.•Estimated liveweight is 350 to 450 kg.•The udder in lactating animals is fairly developed.•Milk yield per lactation is about 1800 litres.•Age at first calving is about 45 months with a calving interval of 18 months.•Azi Kheli buffaloes are generally docile.‑

MILK PRODUCTION:

•the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.•the action of suckling an infant.

•The initial yield is a reliable indicator of the animal’s genetic potential. •The highest yield is reached after five to six weeks of lactation and maintained for some weeks.

Lactation and milk yield depend on both genetic and non-genetic factors.

•Feeding is the most important factor for increasing and sustaining the milk yield

•Calving interval is closely related to lactation length and milk yield.

Lactation:

MILK YEILD:

BUFFALO’S ARE HARD MILKERS….WHY?

The teat sphincter tonus has been reported to be at least 400 mmHg negative pressures in buffaloes (the tension falls some what after calf suckling and hand milking). This is the cause of buffaloes being hard milkers.

MILKING:“draw milk from (a cow or other animal), either by hand or

mechanically”

There are 3 ways of milking.• Pre-milking• After-milking• Hand-milking

Pre milking:Pre milking is defined as actions to induce milk let-down by cleaning the udder and pre-milk in a strip cup. After milking:After milking the teats should be disinfected. Hand milking: These milking methods might cause elongation and damage to the teats. A much more comfortable and appropriate method is the fullhand technique.

EXPLANATION: