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PREVALENCE OF PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN CANINE CASES
OF MOBILE VET CONSULTANCY SERVICE
LALITPUR, NEPAL
InterneePRADHUMAN YADAV
Internship SiteJaulakhel, Lalitpur
Advisor
Dr. Bala Ram ThapaProgram Director at Directorate of Livestock Market Promotion
INTRODUCTION
The Parvo viral infection in canine population was first recognized in 1978 that caused Parvovirus enteritis or myocarditis in U.S.A. After that, this was observed in Canada, Australia and England. And in following year in France, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, West German and other countries (Anon, 1979; Mc Candlish et al .,1979).
The canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is a highly contagious viral illness that affects dogs.
Susceptible Hosts
Wide varieties of hosts are affected with parvo virus infection. They are cattle, pig, dog, cat, man, rat, mice, chicken, and hamsters. Breeds like Doberman, English Springers, Labrador are at risk.
Mean age and range: Most severe illness may occur in pups 6-16 weeks of age.
Mode of transmission
The virus is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the infected animal or its excretions. Viruses are excreted in large quantity through the excreta of the hosts.
Virus excretion continues for 12-14 days from infected animal (Pollock, 1981).
Clinical signs
Slight to high rise of temperature (Initial stage)
Vomiting
Bloody Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Treatment of Parvo Virus infection
Symptomatic treatment Anti Vomiting drug Anti diarrhoeal drug
Supportive treatment Fluid therapy
OBJECTIVESGeneral objective
The study on the clinical cases attended by MVCS(Mobile Vet Consultancy Service) from the year 1st Baishakh 2072 to 30th Chaitra 2072 BS (14 April 2015 to 13 April 2016 AD).
Specific objectivesTo find out the overall clinical cases in dogs attended by MVCS.To find out the status of occurrence of clinical case as per age
wise, sex wise and as per season wise .
Justification of study
The studies on the clinical case are very useful to find out the occurrence pattern of the disease, distribution of disease according to various factors like age, sex and time.
Very few studies had been conducted in Nepal to determine the prevalence of parvo virus.
Limitations of study
This study was done only within limited period of time.
Due to this, the analysis had to be completely based on secondary data in Mobile Vet Consultancy Service, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.
Sampling error may exist.
Methodology
Study Area-Jaulakhel Lalitpur
Data collection technique-case record book date 2072(1st Baishakh 2072 to 30th Chaitra)-Total Number Of cases were 3674, among them 455 cases were Canine Parvo virus
Data analysis-MS-Excel 2010
Result of Study Breed-wise distribution of clinical case
German Sh
epherd
Japanese Spitz
Mongrel
Labrador R
etrieve
rPug
Lhasa Apso
Tibetan Masti
ff
Cocker S
panielBoxe
r
Dalmation
Doberman Pinsch
erBhote
Golden Retrieve
r
Nepolitan M
astiff
Tibetan Terrier
Great Dane
Saint B
ernard
Dachshund
Chihuahua
Pomeranian
Bull Masti
ff
BullDog
Pit Bull T
errier
Poodle0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 1120
706664
262186 146 132 112 82 66 42 36 30 20 16 14 14 8 4 4 4 2 2 2
Num
ber
of c
ases
Sex-wise distribution of clinical case
Male
Female
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
No.
of c
ases
Area-wise distribution of clinical case
Lalitpur Kathmandu Bhaktapur Banepa Pokhara Chitwan hetauda Dhading Kurintar0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2594
872
14038 10 8 4 6 2
No.
of
case
s in
num
ber
Age-wise distribution of clinical case
1m 3m 5m 7m 9m11m 2yrs 4yrs 6yrs 8yrs
10yrs12yrs
14yrs16yrs
18yrs20yrs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
82
450
214
12298 94
70 7850 40
70
384
276
206190188184
210198
104110
5874
44 3620 10 4 4 2 6
No. o
f cas
se in
num
ber
Distribution of Parvo Virus Cases
Total Case
Parvo Virus case
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
3674
455
No. of cases
Month-wise distribution of parvo viral case
21%
16%
12%
1%4%3%1%
5%
9%
8%
10%
9% Baishakh
Jestha
Ashar
Shrawan
Bhadra
Asoj
Kartik
Mangsir
Poush
Magh
Falgun
Chaitra
Age-wise distribution of parvo viral case
1m 3m 5m 7m 9m11m 2yrs 4yrs 6yrs 8yrs
10yrs12yrs
14yrs16yrs
18yrs20yrs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
82
99
79
64
4034
20
8 84 4 6 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.
of c
ases
Discussion of Study
For the purpose of this study, 3674 Clinical cases ware recorded, in which 2months (12%) age puppies and 1years (10%) – 3years (8%) age dog were highly susceptible with clinical disease and other (70%).
It was observed that German Shepherd (GSD)-1120 (30%) was the most affected breed
It was observed more of the cases were male - 2176 (59%) than female - 1498 (41%).
It was observed that Lalitpur - 2594 (71%) was highest cases area came to MVCS than Kathmandu - 872(24%) and other - 208 (5%).
Contd….The study show that Baishakh (21%) and Jestha (16%) is more occurring
season for the Parvoviral infection and rest are Ashar(12%), Shrawan(1%), Bhadra(4%), Asoj(3%), Kartik(1%), Mangsir(5%), Poush(9%), Magh(8%), Falgun(11%) and Chaitra(9%).
Among 3674 cases, 452 cases are seen positive while doing CPV Test KIT
The study shows 1-4 months age dogs are more susceptible to the Parvoviral infection. i.e. 1 month (18%), 2 months (22%), 3 months (17%), 4 months (14%) and other (29%).
Photographs taken during study period
PVC test kit
Conclusion
This study shows overall prevalence of parvo virus infection in canine of Kathmandu valley in Baishakh is higher i.e 95,which is 21%. Because Climate condition is favourable for spread the virus.
Age between (1-2) month is more susceptible as Puppies are born with a very immature immune system and don’t begin making their own antibodies until about 6 weeks of age. (Van Buren Ave, 1929).
Male is more susceptible then female Because client interest to keep male dog then female.
Suggestions
• Owners should be immediately consult veterinarian if their pets get diarrhea and vomition.• Vaccination should be done in schedule.• Regular monitoring should be done for the parvo virus suspected
dogs.• Isolation of parvo infected dog should be done from the kennel.• Disinfect the dog’s environment.• Treating the infected dog.• vaccination all pets that have contact with affected pet.
Acknowledgement
Dr. Krishna Bahadur Shrestha, Principal, HICASTDr. Upendra Man Singh, Vet. Co-ordinator, HICASTDr. Dr. Bala Ram Thapa , Advisor.MOBILE VET CONSULTANCY SERVICE ( MVCS)Dr. Indra Narayan RayDr. Sajana ThapaMr. Krishna PoudelMr. Surendra ThakurAll my friends and family.
THANK YOU