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PAVLOVS EXPERIMENT

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

CONDITIONING INTRODUCTIONConditioning inbehavioral psychologyis a theory that the reaction ("response") to an object or event ("stimulus") by a person or animal can be modified by 'learning', orconditioning.

Stimulus-response (S-R) theories are central to the principles of conditioning. They are based on the assumption thathuman behavioris learned.

Stimulus: A thing or event that evokes a specific reaction in an organ.

Response: A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.

THREE MAJOR TYPES OF LEARNING/CONDITIONING1. Learning through association- Classical Conditioning

2. Learning through consequences Operant Conditioning

3. Learning through observation Modeling/Observational Learning

WHAT IS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ? Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

It had a major influence on behaviorism which is based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment.

About Ivan Pavlov:

Born: September 26, 1849

Was awarded the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences in 1875

Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion

Died Feb 27,1936

COMPONENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) :A stimulus that naturally, and automatically triggers a response.

The Unconditioned Response(UCR):The unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.

The Conditioned Stimulus(CS):A previously neutral stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned stimulus triggers a conditioned response.

The Conditioned Response(CR):Learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus

Neutral Stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

Unconditioned Response

Conditioned Response

Principles of Classical conditioning

Acquisition

Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

Stimulus Generalization

Discrimination

Pavlovs experiment

Types of ConditioningForward Conditioning:Occurs when the neutral stimulus (NS) appears just before and during the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).There are 2 types:delayed conditioning (forward) - theCS is presented before the US and it (CS) stays on until the US is presented. This is generally the best, especially when the delay is short trace conditioning -discrete event is presented, then the US occurs. Shorter the interval the better, but as you can tell, this approach is not very effective.

Backward conditioning Backward conditioning occurs when a Conditioned stimulus immediately follows a Unconditioned stimulus

Simultaneous conditioning -Both conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs and terminates at same time

Second-order and higher-order conditioning-This form of conditioning follows a two-step procedure. First a neutral stimulus ("CS1") comes to signal a US through forward conditioning. Then a second neutral stimulus ("CS2") is paired with the first (CS1) and comes to yield its own conditioned response

Temporal conditioningIn temporal conditioning a Unconditioned stimulus is presented at regular intervals, for instance every 10 minutes.

APPLICATIONSPavlovs experiment

BEHAVIOURAL THERAPIES:

Prolonged exposure theoryUsed for the treatment of phobias and anxiety disordersIt works by exposing the patient to their painful memories with the goal of reintegrating their repressed emotions with current awareness.

FLOODING:

AVERSION THERAPY

Its a behavioral therapy aversive stimuli is paired with an harmful or society undesirable behavior until the behavior becomes associated with pain or discomfortUsed for the people who wants to get rid of bad habbits

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATIONThis type of behavioral therapy used to overcome phobias.It mainly includes 3 steps . 1. identifying anxiety. 2. copying relaxation strategy. 3. habituated to situation.

JOHN WATSONS LITTLE ALBERT EXPERIMENT

Some Practical Applications ofClassical Conditioning

Exercise

Close your eyes and start thinking about your favorite food !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

IS YOUR MOUTH WATERING??

If yes, its because you are conditioned.!!!!

Conditioned hunger

GUESS THE PRODUCT. ??????

Guess The Product with tagline

Aaj kuchh Toofani karte hai..!!!!

BENTLEY CONTINENTAL

LAMBORGHINI

PORSCHE

CONCLUSIONAlthough Pavlov disliked Psychology, his work remains one of the most important in psychologys history.According to Pavlov, conditioned reflexes were temporary or unstable and he himself expressed that it is not an ideal education theory.Classical conditioning is actually not a change in the behaviour but a similar response to a different stimulus.Classical conditioning is ineffective for classroom purposes.

For Patiently Listening to Us..

A Presentation By-

Vinod Kumar - 1Ashwin Mohan - 10Gopala Krishna- 15Jasmeen Shaikh - 28Kasturi Mishra 35

Xaviers Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, Kochi, Kerela.

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