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Climate-smart agriculture:Food security in a warmer and more
climate-extreme world
1. Warmer and more extreme:- the global challenge
2. Rising to the challenge: CGIAR & CCAFS
3. Systems research: Linking knowledge and action
IPCC AR5 in April 2014: global diagnosis for the next seven years?
Evidence that yields losses occur already
Lobell et al 2011
Cheung et al 2010
droughts
extreme coastal high water levels
heavy rainfall events
warm spells or heat waves
Extremes will intensify
local flooding
IPCC, 2012
Munich Re, 2011
Losses from weather-related disasters have increased
Overall LossesOf which insured losses
US$
bill
ions
(201
0 do
llars
)
Magnitude and sources of GHGs
Indirect - deforestation
Soils
Enteric
Manure
Rice
Burning
Vermeulen et al (2012)
Can Agriculture be excused from emission targets?
Ag must do its part
Gt CO2e per year12 15
3670
Non-agricultural emissionsAgricultural and land-use change emissions
>70%
48
85
21
World Resources Institute (2014)
Proposed goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impactsAim to enhance the
resilience of 500 million people in agriculture by
2030
SDG
sGACSA
Reduce emissions intensity of agriculture by 21% by 2030
2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets
3. Low emissions development
4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems
1. Climate smart technologies, practices, and
portfolios
Capacity Development
Gender
Open Data
Inve
stm
ent
IDO1: Enhanced food security
IDO2: Benefits to women and marginalised groups
IDO3: Enhanced adaptive capacity to climate risks
IDO5: Reduced GHGs and forest conversion
IDO4: Policies supporting climate-resilient agriculture
Regional Strategies
Working with partners to change opinions and worldviews
Working with partners to
understand what works
Working with partners to make
it happen
Research evidencePolicy and
Institutional Change
CSA implementation
Coffee-banana intercropping
Monocrops Intercrops0
0.51
1.52
2.5
Arabica systems
Arabica Banana
Arabica(t/ha)
Banana(tenth t/ha)
Monocrops Intercrops0
0.20.40.60.8
11.21.4
Robusta systems
Robusta Banana
Robusta(t/ha)
Banana(tenth t/ha)
2268 4307$ ha yr 1286 1770$ ha yr
More carbon in the system
DiversificationDecreases drought impacts
Increased incomeEnhanced food security
weather index for a crop in an
area
technological innovations to
generate weather data
Community-based monitoring
Heterogeneous landscapesMixed farming systems
Methods and equipment
Capacity strengthening
Protocol for GHG emissions in smallholder systems
• Assess current practice in 12 countries
• Lessons for improving process and outcomes
VISION 2025 FOR LATIN AMERICAInstead of being totally dependent on climate variability (droughts, floods, landslides), the agricultural sector in Latin America (LAM) manages climate to its advantage, or at least to avoid the bulk of negative consequences. LAM farmers and agricultural sector understand and react knowledgeably to climate variability and challenges, and implement sustainable and climate adapted practices to reduce food insecurity. Policy makers and planners at the national level are truly using climate information and tools to design and implement plans and strategies, and are finding ways to make climate information useful and applicable for end-users. Policy makers and planners are also promoting policy and interventions that combine and consider the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation towards a low emissions agricultural development.
LAM’s FP1 2019 OutcomeLAM’s producers associations are choosing and promoting CSA context-specific practices through strengthened extension services rescuing ancient and traditional knowledge. Local governments develop equitable local agricultural development plans using CSA context-specific portfolios assessed economically to plan and prioritize their investments focusing on climate variability challenges. NARS develop demand-driven outputs with sufficient technological capacity to address agricultural sector needs to face climate challenges. Private sector works with producer’s associations, local and national governments to implement and scale out CSA involving agricultural market agents through innovative approaches (incentives along value chain to access to certification schemes). National governments scale up CSA approach based on successful experiences developed at local level.
LAM’s FP2 2019 OutcomeMeteorological Services generate tailored climate information for decision-makers both at national and local level. Ministries of Agriculture generate and communicate tailored agro-climate services through extension services to help smallholder farmers to reduce climate risks, as well as food security information to create informed safety nets. Research institutions develop demand-driven insurance options based on agro-climate information, seed markets, and CSA context-specific options. Private Sector contributes to the development and implements insurance options for smallholder farmers.
LAM’s FP3 2019 OutcomeNational governments formulate and implement NAMAS and LEDS based on improved data on smallholder agricultural GHG emissions and implement equitable policies to strengthen linkages among environment and agriculture in order to avoid deforestation from commodity agriculture, promote restoration to increase carbon sequestration and reduce GHG emissions from livestock and commodities. Research organizations generate improved data on smallholder agricultural GHG emissions. Local governments contribute to the development of NAMAS and LEDS action plans at local level.
LAM’s FP4 2019 OutcomeNational governments design and enact equitable food systems policies and strategies taking adaptation into consideration to support national and regional policy and global climate change negotiations. Private institutions develop and support implementation of NAPs and equivalent policies with their respective investment plans addressing climate challenges to increase food security and resilience to changes in climate.
LAM FP2 MOGs1. Tailored climate and agro-climate information such
as seasonal forecasts and food security information 2. Climate-informed tools for safety net decision
makers and participatory early warning systems3. Targeted dissemination mechanisms for rural
communities and climate-informed decision making-process tools
4. Agriculture insurance packages5. National and regional support climate-informed
tools for investment in climate informed agricultural and food security decision-making
LAM FP3 MOGs1. Options for silvopastoral, agroforestry and forest
management systems, Sustainable intensification of cattle systems options, improved data on emissions estimations at smallholder level and bank of land-use based options.
2. Enhanced practice and evidence-base outputs to support NAMAS in both commodities (basic grains, coffee) and livestock
3. Economic modeling and scenarios of land use change
4. Development landscapes and ecosystems restoration and deforestation reduction options
LAM FP4 MOGs1. Targeted decision-support tools to
address increase in investments from both public and private institutions (Analogues, AMKN, among others)
2. Planning guidelines and recommendations considering equity and social differentiation
3. Economic modelling to support decision making processes
4. Scenarios analysis including global and regional models to support decisions on policy and investments
5. Learning platforms and South-south exchange mechanisms.
LAM FP1 MOGs1. Context-specific CSA portfolios and evidence reports on
integration of ancient and traditional knowledge 2. Economic analysis of equitable best bet CSA practices and
technological packages3. Prioritization tools to support decision making and community
level learning process outputs 4. Crowdsourcing, climate site specific agriculture approach 5. Evidence to generate building capacity to support local
adaptation processes to scale up and out the successful approaches in the region
6. Public-private partnerships, certification schemes
1. Vision, targets, indicators
Index-based insurance
Climate information
services
Climate-smart
technologies
Local adaptation
plans
• Learning sites• Multiple partners
• Policy• Private sector• Development
initiatives
Climate smart
villages
2. Integrative thinking
3. Vision on scaling up
12 million farmers & 40 different crops insured
PrioritisationWeather-based insuranceDiversificationDirect seedingLaser levellingCell phone advisories (inc. gender targeted)
Agriculture Insurance Company of India
4. Managing complexity
5. Partnership everywhere
Engaging investors as partners not funders
• Opportunities to mitigate GHG emissions in their food security programming
• Opportunities where Feed the Future interventions can be aligned with climate change priorities
Pilots: Colombia; Mali; Vietnam; India
CSA Prioritisation
6. Listen: to select science that matters
Launched COP19Over 8500 dowloadsOver 9000 hard copies distributed
2013
Showcasing successes in CSA
8. Integrating research and communications
Example: Seasonal weather forecasts in
Senegal
15 community radio stations 2 million farmers get forecastsbetter food security outcomes
• Program Management Team • Independent Science Panel (no Centers or major Partners
as substantive members)• Can hire and fire management team members• Can set budgets and workplans
• To have strategic coherence and ability to implement at scale need Windows 1 and 2
9. Management authority
10. Good funding
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Twitter: @cgiarclimate @campbell_cgiar
