Cosmic Adventure 4.5 Proving the Lights

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Cosmic Adventure 4.4

PROVING THE TWO LIGHTS


STARLIGHT ABERRATION4.4.1 Proving the two lights: Part 1


Proof to Conventional Light

My Lady Angela. What kind of proof will you produce to support your postulate?


This property of classical light I just presented can be proved by an astronomical phenomenon found on Earth.

Astronomical Phenomenon


Lights from Distant Stars

There are distant stars lying close to the axis of the earth's orbital motion around the sun. Their light may be regarded as incoming light perpendicular to any observational instrument fixed on earth.

Light source

Earth


Direction Observation no Feasible

However if we direct our telescope straight at them, we cannot see these stars.

Light source

Light path

TelescopeNo image of star


Tilting telescope to see stars

The astronomers need to tilt their telescopes to a certain angle to see them.

Light source

Light path

Tilted telescope


Starlight Aberration

This creates an optical illusion as if the star has shifted from its proper place.This optical illusion is a familiar phenomenon in Earth astronomy known as starlight aberration.

Light source

Light path

Telescope


Stellar Aberration discovered in 1725

Stellar aberration was first discovered by the British astronomer James Bradley (1693-1762) in 1725.


Light misses Moving Telescope

This apparent shift in position of the star is due to the fact that the telescope is on the move with the earth at about 30 mph. If the telescope keeps on moving after the time the light hits the front piece, it will miss the eyepiece of the telescope. Instead, it will hit an earlier spot and the observer will miss the image. It is like dropping a ball to hit a moving target . . .

𝑣𝑣


1 2 3 4


𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

Starlight image arriving at mouth piece

Starlight at same course

Telescope moving

Telescope moving 𝑣𝑣


Telescope missing image


Tilting Tube to Catch Light

To receive the dropping ball into a missing tube without touching the walls, one needs to tilt the tube, like dropping the ball at a distance slightly farther ahead.



𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

Starlight image arriving at mouth piece


Telescope movingTelescope

moving𝑣𝑣


Image arriving at eyepiece


Mathematical Check

The mathematics is quite simple:

𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝜃𝜃

tan𝜃𝜃 = 𝑣𝑣/𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃

𝑣𝑣


Apparent Speed

If the apparent speed is represented by u, then by the theorem of Pythagoras:

𝑢𝑢2 = 𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑣𝑣2

Therefore the apparent speed is the square root:

𝑢𝑢 = 𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑣𝑣2

𝜃𝜃

𝑣𝑣

𝑐𝑐


Faster than Light

Since：𝑢𝑢 = 𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑣𝑣2 > 𝑐𝑐

This resultant apparent speed isdefinitely greater than 𝑐𝑐, indicatingthat there is a speed greater than that of light.However the existence of this greater magnitude of speed does not mean that it is a tachyon which can travel faster than light. It is only a relative speed, a mathematical quantity which confirms the fact that light speed can be added vectorally.

𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢𝑎𝑎𝑇𝑇light𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐

𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑣𝑣

𝜃𝜃


Addible Velocities

This example illustrates the fact that light speed can be added together with that of the observer according to classical vector rules, similar to dealing the speeds of all objects. If one moves faster, light will appears to him as slower, or vice versa.

𝑣𝑣

𝑐𝑐

Report Speed𝑐𝑐 − 𝑣𝑣


The apparent velocity of light in a vacuum is an imaginary quantity that exists only in mathematical space.

Zyrkonian Textbook of Visonics


Newton’s Comment

Well done Angela. Starlight aberration is an established fact in astronomy. The apparent speed of light is the combination of light speed and Earth’s speed. It is unreal but it exists as an apparent quantity. I don’t find any illogical discrepancies in the argument and presentation.


Intuitiveness

8Correctness

9


Dr Einstein, now is your turn to present your case. But first, what do you think of starlight aberration?Do you have any relativistic alternative or explanation?


SUPERLIGHT IN ACTIONTo be continued on: Cosmic Adventure 4.6

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Cosmic Adventure 4.5 Proving the Lights