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Critiquing and Evaluating Health Literature and Manuscripts
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Critiquing and Evaluating Health Literature and
Manuscripts
Topics to be discussed
• Evaluation of Research and Scientific Literature.
• Critique published researched in Nutrition
Elements of a Research Critique
• Determine the purpose of the study
• Research Design
• Presentation of literature review relating to the problem/ research question.
• Research questions and Hypotheses
• Study Sample
• Data Collection
• Study Results
• Analysis of Results
• Study Recommendations
• Study Conclusions
Study Purpose
• Is the purpose/ objective of the study clear?
• Is it relevant to your field of study?
• Is there a need for this study in literature
• Will the study improve or impact health practices/ polices and add to the existing body of knowledge?
Research Design
• What was the study design which was implemented?
• Is there a framework/ theory which guides the study?
• No framework?- Are you able to identify how data will be collected?
• Who is being studied and why are they being studied?
• Is there a planned strategy for conducting the study?
Literature Review
• Is the literature review presented comprehensive? (Usually seen in the background/ introduction)
• Is the literature review current? (within the last 5 years of the article published)
• What are the sources of information? (primary or secondary)
• Is the literature review well organized, including a introduction and a summary?
Research Question/ Hypothesis
• Is the research question clearly stated within the body of the text?
• Does it match the purpose of the study?
• Does the hypothesis describe all variables of interest?
• Is the hypothesis clearly stated?
• Does the hypothesis mirror the purpose of the study?
Study Sample
• Who is identified as the target population?
• How were the subjects/ participants chosen (randomly, conveniently)?
• What was the inclusion and exclusion criteria?
• What was the final sample size for the study?
Data Collection• What steps were taken to collect the data?
• How often and for how long was data collected for?
• What tools or instruments were used to collect the data?
• Are the tools/ instruments valid and reliable?
• Are the tools/ instruments described in sufficient detail?
• Was the statistical analysis procedures appropriate for the study?
Study Results and Analysis
• Is the research question/ hypothesis answered?
• Were there any strengths of the study?
• Were there any limitations of the study?
• Can any generalizations be made from the results presented?
• Are the results supported by the literature?
• Were there any unexpected findings from the study?
Study Recommendations and Conclusion
• Are suggestions for further use in practice/ policy included?
• Is there an identified need for further research?
• What are the benefits to using the information learned?
• Is the conclusion stated clearly and related to the purpose of the study?
What is STROBE?
• Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
• It is a checklist of items which should be addressed in articles reporting on observational studies (Cohort, Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies).
• Used to provide guidance on how to report observational research well.
• It is not used to report on clinical/ trials, diagnostic studies nor meta-analysis studies
STROBE Components
• Title and Abstract• Introduction
– Background/rationale– Objectives
• Methods– Study Design– Study Setting– Participants– Variables– Data Sources– Bias– Study Size– Quantitative variables– Statistical Methods
• Results– Participants– Descriptive Data– Outcome Data– Main Results– Other Analyses
• Discussion– Key Results– Limitations– Interpretation– Generalizability
• Other Information– Funding
STROBE CHECKLIST
Additional Information
• STROBE Statement- http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/11/07-045120.pdf
• STROBE Checklist- http://www.strobe-statement.org/fileadmin/Strobe/uploads/checklists/STROBE_checklist_v4_combined.pdf
• Developing a Framework for Critiquing Health Research- http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/2981/1/Developing_a_framework_for_critiquing_health_research.pdf