DSD-INT 2014 - OpenMI Symposium - An operational forecasting system for subsurface floods in the city of Cologne, Moritz Kreyenschulte, RWTH

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An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne

Delft Software Days 2014

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW) Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)

Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW) RWTH Aachen University

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling

Motivation

Subsurface flood – the creeping flood Surface flood

well-known; extensive forecasting; high awareness

Source: LFU Baden-Württemberg (2005)

Source: NRW, Hochwasserschutzfibel (1999)

Source: www.deggingen.de

Subsurface flood relatively unknown; no forecasting;

low awareness

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Motivation

Example Elbe flood 2002, city of Dresden

time

wat

erle

velh

[mN

N]

30.07.2002 30.08.2002 29.09.2002 30.10.2002 29.11.2002 30.12.2002 29.01.2003 01.03.2003103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

Elbe

groundwater observation point"Hauptbahnhof"

Source: SÄCHSISCHES LANDESAMT FÜR UMWELT UND GEOLOGIE (2003)

Groundwater level central station

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Seepage

Stability

Operational forecasting system for subsurface flood

Objective In

itial

- and

bou

ndar

y co

nditi

ons

Operational forecast

Fore

cast

of g

roun

dwat

er le

vel

Damage mitigation by warning

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Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI

Design of the systems

Operational forecast

Prog

nose

Flu

rabs

tand

Coupled, numerical system: groundwater

with surface water

Fore

cast

of g

roun

dwat

er le

vel

Initi

al- /

bou

ndar

y co

nditi

ons

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Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI: SOBEK 1D FEFLOW

Design of the systems for Cologne

SOBEK 1D

FEFLOW FEFLOW

Cologne

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Existing models – SOBEK 1D (Deltares)

Ruhr

Lippe

Col

ogne

Lobith

Bonn

1D-Finite Differences model for surface water flow

OPENMI-compliant Model operated by BfG

(German Federal Institute for Hydrology)

ca. 208 km (Bonn Lobith) 200 m profile distance

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2D-Finite Element model for groundwater flow Made OPENMI-compliant by development of an interface (IFM) 2 models operated by RheinEnergie AG (left/right)

Existing models – FEFLOW (DHI-WASY)

260 km², 27615 nodes 197 km², 26140 nodes

left right

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Made OPENMI-

compliant by own development

FEFLOW 1

FEFLOW 2 OPENMI SOBEK 3.1

OPENMI-compliant, Cooperation with Deltares FEFLOW i

OPENMI coupling: technical aspects

…

FEFL

OW i

Porg

ram

mier

-sc

hnits

telle

IFM

OpenMI

OpenMI wrapper C#

Client C++, Qt

Server C++, Qt

Data, commands

FEFL

OW

i Pr

ogra

mm

ing

Inte

rfac

e IF

M

OPENM

I

OPENM

I wrapper

C#

Client C++, Qt

Server C++, Qt

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OPENMI: exchange parameters

Surf

ace

flow

1-D

SO

BEK

G

roun

dwat

er fl

ow

FEFL

OW

Rhine

left right

Q h

h h Q Q

Water level Discharge

Per time steps

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SOBEK grid-points

FEFLOW Leakage-nodes

Coupling via grid points

(SOBEK) to Leakage-nodes (FEFLOW)

Preprocessing: Semi-automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“-function in ArcMap

Coupling of water level h

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Coupling of discharge Q

Coupling via Leakage-

nodes (FEFLOW) to lateral discharge-points (SOBEK)

Preprocessing: Semi-automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“-function in ArcMap

SOBEK lateral discharge -points

FEFLOW Leakage-nodes

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling

Test run of the model coupling Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc.

Test run

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Influence factors:

Water level in the river Duration of the flood event Initial groundwater level …

Test runs for different discharges and initial groundwater level

Test run

Reference: Becker (2013)

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Test run SOBEK

FEFLOW

q=c⋅(hR-hGW)

Q

hR

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3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

32075 32085 32095 32105 32115

Q [m³/s]

Time [d]

Test run

0

10

20

0 20000

h [m

]

Q [m³/s]

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Test run

Initial conditions groundwater level

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Test run

Q

h

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

32079 32084 32089 32094 32099 32104 32109D

isch

arge

[m³/s

]

Wat

er d

epth

[m]

Time [d]

h

Q

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Test run

Q

h

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

32079 32084 32089 32094 32099 32104 32109D

isch

arge

[m³/s

]

Wat

er d

epth

[m]

Time [d]

h

Q

20


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

32070 32075 32080 32085 32090 32095 32100 32105 32110

Q [m

³/s]

∆Q

[m³/s

]

Time

Differenz Abfluss [oGW-mGW]

Abfluss Zulauf

Effluent conditions

Influent conditions

Test run

woCoupling-wCoupling

outflow BC discharge

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Test run

DLH EM

WE

8633

Changing of initial conditions

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

32077 32082 32087 32092 32097 32102

h G[m

NN

]

Time [d]

Water depth river rhine

DLH

EM

WE

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Min. distance from ground level [m]

Max. Groundwater level [m]

Test run

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Test run – double peak

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

3207

7

3208

7

3209

7

3210

7

3211

7

3212

7

3213

7

Dis

char

ge[m

³/s]

Time [d]

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Subsurface flood: the creeping flood

Set-up of a coupled 1d-hydraulic model with groundwater models via OPENMI

First results of the coupled system for the Cologne area

Further validation and calibration of

the model during high water in river Rhine

Summary and Outlook

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An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne

Delft Software Days 2014

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW) Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)

Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW) RWTH Aachen University

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Back Up

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Next steps: Further validation and calibration of the model during

high water in river Rhine Set up of groundwater measuring stations with data

logger

Possibilities: Model can be used for forecasting / scenario analysis /

urban land-use planning Flood risk maps for groundwater

Applications of results

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Test run – Scenario 3

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

3207

7

3208

7

3209

7

3210

7

3211

7

3212

7

3213

7

Dis

char

ge[m

³/s]

Time [d]

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37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

32077 32087 32097 32107 32117 32127

h G [m

NN

]

Time [d]

Water depth river rhine

DLH

EM

WE

Validation – Scenario 3

DLH EM

WE

8633

Changing of initial conditions

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Time of occurence of the maximum groundwater levels [d]

Validation – Scenario 3

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

-10 10 30 50 70

Num

bero

fpoi

nts

Time of occurence of max. h [d]

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hR (SOBEK)

Direction of flow

River rhine

Groundwater

Q (FEFLOW)

Test run

Leakage activated

( )

⋅−⋅=

smmhhcq GR

³1

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hR (SOBEK)

Direction of flow

River rhine

Groundwater

Q (FEFLOW)

Test run

Leakage activated

( )

⋅−⋅=

smmhhcq GR

³1

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Initial conditions Using data from X measuring stations Automatic optimization using an ant colony algorithm

Boundary conditions Are set in the existing models Stationary BC Changes to well BC shall be considered Precipitation should be taken into account Additional flood plains in the hinterland should be taken

into account

Groundwater model

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Initial conditions Measured water level at measuring stations Interpolation using „Kölner Pegel“ Generated set up gained from calculations Does it matter? Do the results change significantly?

Boundary conditions Forecast of discharge at the city of Bonn Forecast is done by Hochwassermeldezentrum Mainz (Flood report Centre Mainz)

River Rhine

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Auto boot of all models by OpenMI Automatic input of initial conditions (FEFLOW) Automatic input of ground level (digital terrain model) Output of (max.) groundwater levels, (min.) distance of

groundwater table to surface, time of occurence of max. groundwater levels (FEFLOW-Client)

Output of OpenMI-exchange parameter (h, Q) for every node and timestep

Output of log-files for Client and Server Error-Treatment

Additional implementations

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SOBEK FEFLOW

GUI OpenMI

OpenMI coupling

Additional information in shell

Science

DSD-INT 2014 - OpenMI Symposium - An operational forecasting system for subsurface floods in the city of Cologne, Moritz Kreyenschulte, RWTH