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Electron Configuration 1
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
2
Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration 3
What is Electron Configuration?
• The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Electron Configuration 4
What do s, p, d, and f mean?
• These refer to the sublevels within the principal quantum level (n).
• So, for n = 1, there is only one sublevel, s.• n = 2, there are 2 sublevels: s & p• n = 3, there are 3 sublevels: s, p, & d• So, within each level, there are n sublevels.
Electron Configuration 5
A shortcut!
1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 5g6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h7s 7p 7d 7f 7g 7h 7i
Do not exist in normal ground
state atoms
Electron Configuration 6
Orbitals
• Orbitals – Each sublevel (s, p, d, f) contains orbitals.– Remember, orbitals are electron-clouds that hold the
electrons 90% of the time.– Each orbital can hold TWO electrons, so
• s - 2 electrons, 1 orbital• p – 6 electrons, 3 orbitals• d – 10 electrons, 5 orbitals• f – 14 electrons, 7 orbitals
7
The Aufbau Principle
• Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital– Electrons are Lazy!!!
• All orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy.– Ex. The three 2p orbitals
are the same energy level.All equivalent energy
Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration 8
Pauli Exclusion Principle
• A maximum of two electrons may occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins.– Spin -- Electrons has an
associated “spin,” either one way or the other, like a top.
– These spins are called “spin up” and “spin down.”
– See example on board.Box = orbital
Arrow = electron
Electron Configuration 9
Hund’s Rule
• Single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.– Electrons are
UNFRIENDLY– Why?
1s2 2s2 2p3
1s2 2s2 2p3
NOT
Ex. Nitrogen:• 1s2 2s2 2p3
Electron Configuration 10
The order of Things…
• Electrons, being unfriendly, fill up the empty orbitals before sharing orbitals.– Similar to seats on a bus
– on a bus, you sit alone, rather than with a stranger, if there is an option.
• Np1
• Np2
• Np3
• Np4
• Np5
• Np6
Electron Configuration 11
The Shapes of the s, p, and d Orbitals
Electron Configuration 12
F-Orbitals!• Do not bother sketching these—just notice how
STRANGE they are!
Electron Configuration 13
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 14
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
H = 1s1
Hydrogen
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 15
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
He = 1s2
Helium
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 16
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Li = 1s22s1
Lithium
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 17
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
C = 1s22s22p2
Carbon
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 18
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
N = 1s22s22p3
Bohr Model
Nitrogen
Hund’s Rule “maximum number of unpaired
orbitals”.
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 19
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
F = 1s22s22p5
Fluorine
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 20
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Bohr Model
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Al = 1s22s22p63s23p1
Aluminum
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 21
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
Electron Configuration
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
N
Ar = 1s22s22p63s23p6
Bohr Model
Argon
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Electron Configuration 22
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
Fe = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Bohr Model
Iron
Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration 23
Energy Level Diagram
Arb
itrar
y En
ergy
Sca
le
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 4p 3d
5s 5p 4d
6s 6p 5d 4f
NUCLEUS
CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS
La = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
4s23d104p65s24d105p66s25d1
N
H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La
Bohr Model
Lanthanum
Electron Configuration
24
• This shows the different blocks in the Periodic Table. • It also shows in what order to write electron configurations
(1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d,7p)
Block Table
Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration 26
Get Your bond paper
Electron Configuration 27
Activity # 4Electron Configuration
Write the (a) E.C, (b) Orbital Notation (c ) E.C in numbers (d) Bohr’s Diagram of the following atoms:
1. Gallium 2. Neon3. Bromine4. Lead 5. Calcium
