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ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVE
By:
Dr. Saktioto, M.Phil
Topics
Waves in One Dimension
Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
Absorption and Dispersion
Guided Waves
Waves in One Dimension
The Wave Equation
If it is displaced from equilibrium, the net transverse force on the segment between
Evidently, small disturbances on the string satisfy
Wave Equation
Waves in One DimensionSinusoidal Waves
Terminology
Complex Notation. In view of Euler’s Formula
Complex Wave Function Linear Combinations of sinusoidal Waves
Waves in One Dimension
Boundary Condition: Reflection and Transmission
The Incident WaveReflected Wave
Trasmitted Wave
Sinusoidal Incident Wave
Waves in One Dimension
Polarization
The wave equation for E and B
Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum
Maxwell Equation
In Vacuum, E and B satisfies the three-
dimensional wave equation
Monochromatic Plane Waves
Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum
Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum
The energy flux density transported by
the fields is given by the Poynting vector
Electromagnetic fields not only
carry energy, they also carry
momentum. Momentum density
stored in the fields is:
For monochromatic plane waves propagating
in the z direction:
For monochromatic plane waves
Propagation in Linear Media
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
Maxwell Equation
Index of refraction
Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
Reflected wave
Transmitted Wave
Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
Incident wave
Reflected wave
Transmitted Wave
Electromagnetic Waves in Conductors
Absorption and Dispersion
According to Ohm’s law, the (free) current density in a conductor is proportional to the electric field:
Reflection at a Conducting Surface
Absorption and Dispersion
Incident wave
Reflected wave
Transmitted Wave
The Frequency Dependence of Permittivity
Absorption and Dispersion
Wave Guide
Guided Waves
TE Waves in a Rectangular Wave Guide
Guided Waves
The Coaxial Transmission Line
Guided Waves