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FUELS AND THEIR TYPES

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CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL

FUEL

OCCURENCE PHYSICAL STATE

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On the basis of occurrence

FUEL

PRIMARY OR NATURAL FUEL

SECONDARY OR

ARTIFICIAL FUEL

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CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL

Fuels are classified as• Primary fuels – Fuels which occur naturally

such as coal, crude petroleum and natural gas. Coal and crude petroleum, formed from organic matter many millions of years ago, are referred to as fossil fuels.

• Secondary fuels – Fuels which are derived from naturally occurring ones by a treatment process such as coke, gasoline, coal gas etc.

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On basis of physical state

FUEL

SOLID LIQUID GAS

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FUEL

Primary Fuels

SolidEg. Wood,peat

LiquidEg.crude oil

GasEg.Natural gas

Secondary fuels

SolidEgCoke,charcoal

Liquid Eg. Petrol ,LPG

GasEg.coal

gas ,water gas

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What are fossil fuels?

Solid = _________

Liquid = ___________

Gas = _____________

Fossil fuels took millions of years to form. Once they are used, we cannot replace them. Therefore, we call them _________________ _____________ ________________.

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Most coal was formed from plants which grew 300 million years ago.The time period is called CARBONIFEROUS ERA

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• The ranking sequence is:

WoodPeatLignite (brown coal)Bituminous CoalAnthracite

• In general, deposits close to the surface which can be worked by strip mining produce a more economical fuel than deep mined coal.

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OIL (PETROLEUM)

Buried organic matter rich in hydrocarbons

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How oil and gas were formed 1. In the ocean - Plants use sun’s energy to survive and

animals get their energy by eating plants2. Plants and animals in ocean die. The one’s that are not

eaten fall to the bottom of the sea.3. A few millions of years later - layers of mud forms on top of

the dead animals and plants4. Another few millions of years later - layers of sand builds up

on top of the mud5. Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and

turns in to mud stone6. Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and

turns plants and animals to oil and natural gas7. Now, scientist burn oil and gas in power stations but this

releases harmful gases

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FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’scommercial energy

COAL

OILNATURAL GAS

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OIL and NATURAL GAS (Methane)

Even though it was not made from dead plants or animals, nuclear fuel is considered to be a fossil fuel because it comes from the ground and is running out.

Made from the decayed remains of sea creatures which died millions of years ago

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NATURAL GAS

Methane, otherGases in bedrock

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Advantages of natural gas

• Cleaner to burn– Half as much CO2 as coal

• More efficient– 10% energy lost

• 60-year supply at current rates

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Disadvantages of natural gas

• Difficult to transport– Pipelines– Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) tankers

• Can be polluting, dangerous when extracted

• Methane bed drilling pollutes