Harnad lisc75 2014-1

From Universal Green Open Access to Open Science

Stevan Harnad

Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Sciences, UQÀM

&

Web Science, U Southampton28/11/14 LISC75 Cape Town

Four Cognitive Revolutions:

Speaking (fast turnaround time)

Handwriting (slow turnaround time)

Print (slow turnaround time)

Skywriting (fast turnaround time)28/11/14 LISC75 Cape Town

Revolution #1: 300,000 Years ago:

The Advent of Language (words were free)

28/11/14 LISC75 Cape Town

Revolution #2: 6000 years ago The Advent of Handwriting


Revolution #3: 600 years ago: PrintSpoken interactions are online cognition; written interactions are offline cognition.


Revolution #4: 50 yrs ago: Internet



FTP: 1960’s(Computer scientists began sharing papers by depositing them in

anonymous FTP archives:

1989 – 2002 Psycoloquy(one of earliest Gold OA journals)


25 years ago: the Web



Arxiv 1991(physicists have been depositing – no questions asked – for nearly a quarter century

now)

Jun 1994 – Subversive Proposal(authors should self-archive the final, refereed, accepted drafts of their

journal articles, free for all online)


Jan 1996 – JISC ELiBCogprints Project

(Matt Hemus)


Sep 1998 – American Scientist Open Access Forum (Amsci)(now the Global Open Access Forum (GOAL)


Oct 1999 – EPrints announced(Rob Tansley, later Chris Gutteridge)


Jan 2000 – First EPrints repository goes live (eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk)


Dec 2001 – Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)BOAI 1 (Green) + BOAI 2 (Gold)


Feb 2002 – International Meeting on National Policies on Open Access

(Tom Cochrane (QUT) was in attendance)


2003 -- ROARRegistry of Open Access Repositories

(Tim Brody)


2003 – ROARMAP Registry of Open Access Repository

Mandates and Policies


Jan 2003 – ECS Open Access mandate(world’s first OA mandate)

(Wendy Hall)


25 Feb 2004 QUTWorld’s First Institution-Wide OA Mandate

(Tom Cochrane)


May 2004 Elsevier endorses immediate, unembargoed Green OA Self-archiving


Aug 2004 – Joint Southampton OA Recommendation to Parliamentary Select Committee

Les Carr, Dave DeRoure, Stevan Harnad, Jessie Hey, Tony Hey, Steve Hitchcock (Southampton) Charles Oppenheim (Loughborough)


Sep 2004 – OA Advantage Bibliography(Steve Hitchcock)


2004 NIH OA Policy “Recommendation”(Upgraded to Mandate 2007)


Dec 21 2004 U Minho First University-Wide OA Mandate in Europe

(Eloy Rodrigues)


Swan & Brown 2005 Survey“would authors comply with Green OA mandates?”


Mar 2005 – Berlin 3 Open Access workshop, Southampton


Jun 2006 – Southampton Institutional Deposit Mandate for RAE items(Les Carr)


2007 U LiègeOptimal Immediate-Deposit Mandate

(Bernard Rentier)


Jan 2008 – Southampton upgrades to full institutionalmandate (but a very weak one)


Feb 2008 – Harvard A&S Mandate


Mandated (Minho, CERN, QUT, Soton ECS) vs Unmandated OA (2002-2006)

28/11/14LISC75 Cape Town

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Per

cen

tage

of

Op

en A

cces

s

% UK OA Green (Immediate&Delayed), Gold (Immediate))& Gold (Delayed)

ISI indexed UK articles published 2007-2012(tested 2013)


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80% Gold D OA

Gold I OA

Green I/D OA

% UK OA Green (Immediate&Delayed), Gold (I) & Gold (D)ISI-indexed UK Articles published in 2012

(tested in 2013)

Green OA I&D: 21.1%Gold OA I : 6%Gold OA D : 10.7%

Total : 37.7%

9%

Arts

12%

15%Biology

13%

24%

31%

BiomedicalResearch

12…

Chemistry

12%

4%

19%

Clinical Medicine

30%

5%7%

EarthSpace

38%

Engineering & Tech.

16%

6%5%Health

13%

Humanities

50%

6%

Math.

38%

4%

Physics

21%

Professional Fields

23%

Psycho.

21%

Social Sc


Comparing Liege, Minho, QUT, Surrey, Lancaster, UK-mandated average & UK-unmandated average

Liege immediate-deposit mandate is strongest and most effective mandate

(Minho & QUT are now both upgrading to the Liege immediate-deposit mandate)


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Not Deposited

Metadata Only

Restricted Access

Public Access

ISI Article Count

ISI a

rtic

les

in 2

01

2

Per

cen

tage

of

ISI A

rtic

les

UK Unmandated UK Mandated U. Liège

(24,686) (11,995) (1,452)

% Deposit of ISI-indexed published in 2012UK vs U. Liège

(2013)

31.6%

50.8%

0.2%

17.4%

6.4% 1.8%

15.7%

76.0%

3.5% 0.5%

8.3%

87.7%

Public Full-Text Restricted Access No Full-Text


Deposit Timing: Liège(vertical line is date of publication)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Public Access (N=459)

Restricted Access (N=736 )U. Liège

ISI A

rtic

les

in 2

01

2

(N=459)

(N=736)

7b

2012 The Finch FiascoThe UK’s U-Turn

from Cost-Free Green to Fool’s Gold


2012: BOAI-10 OA Policy Recommendations

1. On policy1.1. Every institution of higher education should have a policy assuring that

peer-reviewed versions of all future scholarly articles by faculty members are deposited in the institution’s designated repository...

Deposits should be made as early as possible, ideally at the time of acceptance, and no later than the date of formal publication.

University policies should respect faculty freedom to submit new work to the journals of their choice. [emphasis added]

University policies should encourage but not require publication in OA journals [emphasis added] ...

1.3. Every research funding agency, public or private, should have a policy assuring that peer-reviewed versions of all future scholarly articles reporting funded research are deposited in a suitable repository and made OA as soon as practicable.

Deposits should be made as early as possible, ideally at the time of acceptance, and no later than the date of formal publication...


Feb 2013: OSTP Directive& FASTR & PAPS Bills


May 2013 -- FRS/FNRS BelgiumHarmonized Funder+Institution Mandate

(Liège Immediate-Deposit Model)


Dec 2013 EU Horizon 2020 OA Mandate


March 2014: HEFCE MandateImmediate-Deposit for REF2020

(Liège/FNRS Model)


Open Access: How?

Universities and Funders adopt the ID/OA mandate:

Immediate Deposit

+

Optional Access

+


(Sole mechanism for submitting for performance review or research funding)

Button

Pre-Green Fool’s Gold vsPost-Green Fair Gold

• Journals unaffordable but must-have journals uncancellable

• Pre-Green (Fool’s) Gold is arbitrarily and enormously over-priced

• Pre-Green (Fool’s) Gold is double-paid (must-have subscriptions fees, incoming, (Fool’s) Gold publication fees, outgoing

• Pre-Green (Fool’s) hybrid Gold is either double-dipped, or each individual institution’s outgoing publications subsidize all other institutions’ incoming subscription fees


Pre-Green Fool’s Gold vsPost-Green Fair Gold

• Universal Green makes journals cancellable and subscriptions unsustainable

• Post-Green cancellations force journal cost-cutting and down-sizing to the Post-Green essentials

• Print edition, online edition, access-provision, archiving, and their expenses are all obsolete Post-Green, offloaded instead onto the worlwide network of Green OA repositories.

• The sole remaining function and cost of peer-reviewed journal publishing Post-Green will be peer review, paid for out of a fraction of institutional subscription savings as affordable, sustainable Post-Green Fair Gold


Universal Green OA:and then what?

1. All articles OA in institutional repositories immediately upon acceptance

2. Journals can be cancelled

3. Sole remaining cost of peer reviewed journal publishing post-green is peer review, paid for out of a fraction of the annual journal cancellation savings


1. (1994) A Subversive Proposal2. (2001) The Self-Archiving Initiative3. (2002) The Budapest Open Access Initiative4. (2004) Memorandum to UK To UK Government Science and Technology Select Committee Select Committee on

Science and Technology Written Evidence 5. (2004) For Whom the Gate Tolls? Select Committee on Science and Technology Written Evidence 6. (2007). No Need for Canadian PubMed Central: CIHR Should Mandate IR Deposit. 7. (2011) What Is To Be Done About U.S. Public Access to Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Publications Resulting From

U.S. Federally Funded Research? 8. (2011) Comments on Open Access FAQ of German Alliance of Scientific Organisations9. (2012) Digital Research: How and Why the RCUK Open Access Policy Needs to Be Revised10. (2013). Response to HEFCE REF OA Policy Consultation.11. (2013). Comments on HEFCE/REF Open Access Mandate Proposal. 12. (2013) Evidence to House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee on Open Access13. (2013) Evidence to BIS Select Committee Inquiry on Open Access. 14. (2013). Follow-Up Comments for BIS Select Committee on Open Access15. (2013) Recommandation au ministre québécois de l'enseignement supérieur.16. (2013) Comments on Canada’s NSERC/SSHRC/CIHR Draft Tri-Agency Open Access Policy17. Multiple Comments on CIHR Open Access Policy 18. Multiple Comments on SSHRC Open Access Policy19. Multiple Comments on OA Progress in Canada20. Multiple Comments on NIH Public Access Policy21. Multiple Comments on Harvard Open Access Policy22. Multiple Comments on France/HAL Open Access Policy23. Multiple Comments on Australian Open Access Policy24. Comments on H. Varmus's 1999 E-biomed Proposal [1] [2]25. Harnad, S. (2007) The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition. In: Anna Gacs. The Culture of

Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age. L'Harmattan. 99-106.26. Harnad, S. (2010) No-Fault Peer Review Charges: The Price of Selectivity Need Not Be Access Denied or Delayed.

D-Lib Magazine 16 (7/8)


http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015034923758;view=1up;seq=1

http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/harnad.html

http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/399we151.htm

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/399we152.htm

http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/264173/









http://www.mesrst.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/administration/librairies/documents/Contributions_courriel_facebook/02-2013_-<u>Stevan_Harnad</u>-_Recommandation_au_ministre_quebecois_de_lenseignement_superieur.pdf

http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/1063-Harnad-Comments-on-Canadas-NSERCSSHRCCIHR-Draft-Tri-Agency-Open-Access-Policy.html

http://j.mp/Harnad-CIHR

http://j.mp/Harnad-SSHRC

http://j.mp/Harnad-Canada-OA

http://j.mp/Harnad-NIH-OA

http://j.mp/Harnad-Harvard

France/HAL Open Access Policy

https://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&lr=&q=harnad OR Harnad OR archivangelism+blogurl:http://openaccess.eprints.org/&ie=UTF-8&tbm=blg&tbs=qdr:m&num=100&c2coff=1&safe=active#c2coff=1&hl=en&lr=&q=australian+harnad+blogurl:http://openaccess.eprints.org/&safe=active&tbm=blg

E-biomed Proposal

http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/22404/

http://www.nih.gov/about/director/ebiomed/com0801.htm

http://www.nih.gov/about/director/ebiomed/com0725.htm

http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13309/

http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july10/harnad/07harnad.html