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NEW BUSINESS MODELS AND OPPORTUNITIESTHE CASE OF THE MAKER MOVEMENTDAVID LANGLEY [email protected] European Innovation SummitEuropean Parliament, Brussels, 16 November 2016Joint Institute For Innovation Policy Annual Symposium: The Effect Of Digitisation On Society
If you don’t like it, don’t just complain.Offer real alternatives and compete!
Contents• The MAKE-IT project• Opportunities and threats of the Maker Movement• Economic impact• Social impact
• Implications for Innovation Policy
Multidisciplinary research into the Maker Movement
About MAKE-IT
• January 2016 – December 2017• Partner Organizations:
From bits to atoms
About MAKE-IT
• Case studies of ten maker initiatives• Innovation Action Research
What is the role of digitization in the Maker Movement?
• Free access to high-tech design and production facilities• Collaborative technologies• Sensor networks: becoming more aware of the
environment and our effect on it• Making data comprehensible• Leading to:
• Realization that a different production paradigm is possible• Change towards responsible behaviour• Citizen participation, creativity and empowerment• Political / economic change?
Will the Maker Movement succeed where the Arts and Crafts movement failed?
• Evgeny Morozov: The Arts and Crafts movement failed• Too much time on “rag-rugs, baskets, and . . . exhibitions of work chiefly
by amateurs” • No political dimension demanding equality• Spirit of labor reform became simply D.I.Y. tinkering
• We observe anti-establishment culture in the Maker Movement• Parallels with Donald Trump’s election, European anti-EU Sentiment like
Brexit• Basis is sharing• Citizens in control• Rejection of neo-liberal capitalism: Trickle-down turns out to be trickle-up• E.g. FabLab Zagreb wants to move away from university
• Will Makers push for political and legal reforms? • Transparency and decentralization of power – and data • Diametrically opposite to TTIP
Economic impact:The Maker Mindset• Sharing economy• Sharing knowledge, designs, components, • Tension between sharing and commercialization• Sharing sensor data
• Who uses what?• Who is responsible for pollution?
• Everything as a service
Environmental impact of the Maker Movement• Circular economy• Recycling• Design for repair• Let value flow (not be hoarded)
• Everything as a service• Producer remains owner• Onus on producer:
• To make efficient use of raw materials• To design for repair • To produce durable components
Implications for Innovation Policy• Great boost of skills and competences needed• ICT, design, technology
• Discourage ownership and hoarding• Stimulate business models based on usage and
sharing, e.g. pay-per-use• Who owns the usage data?• What (or who) is the product?• What is the European alternative to US advertising
model?