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Phycology actually is the study of algae, and this term Phycology derived from the Greek term “PHYKOS” which means “SEAWEED”.
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•Algae are thallophytes.•Algae are Eukaryotes.•Algae belong to the kingdom Protista.•Algae can range from microscopic algae to large seaweeds and are mostly photosynthetic.
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HeterogeneousAutotrophicTrue embryogenesis
absent.Vascular tissues absent
( there are no xylem & phloem or true roots, stems or leaves).
Both sexual and asexual reproduction can be found.
Depending on main five characteristics algae can be classified primarily as follows:
Presence of photosynthetic pigments,On the basis of cell structure,Character of cell wall constituent,Type of food reserves,Type of flagella.
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Some important systems of classification of Algae are…Fritsch, F E, (1935); Smith, G.M. (1955); Bold & Wynne (1985); Lee, R.E. (1989).There are various divisions and classes but we here discussing only on following some important phyla… Cyanophyta Prochlorophyta Glaucophyta Rhodophyta Chlorophyta Euglenophyta Dinophyta Cryptophyta Chrysophyta Prymnesiophyta Bacillariophyta Xanthophyta Eustigmatophyta Raphidophyta Pahaeophyta.
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Cyanophyta
Blue-Green Algae with chlorophyll a
and
phycobiliproteins and glycogen as
storage food.
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Glaucophyta
They have endosymbiont blue-
green algae in the
cytoplasm instead of chloroplast.
Flagella present and
whiplash type.
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Rhodophyta
Presence of both chlorophyll a & b.
Storage product is
floridian starch.
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Chlorophyta
With both chlorophyll a & b.
Reserve food starch
within chloroplast usually in association with a pyrenoid.
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Euglenophyta
Have both chlorophylls a and b.
Nucleus mesocaryotic.
Paramylon formed as storage product.
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Dinophyta
A typical motile dinoflagellate
consists of an
epicone and hypocone divided by
the transverse girdle.
Chlophyllua a & c2 .
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Cryptophyta
Contains both
chlophylls a and c2.
Phycobilins present outside the thylakoids.
Starch as researve
food present outside the chloroplast.
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Chrysophyta
Golden brown in color due to presence
of facoxanthin and ß
carotene.
Storage product is
crysolaminarin.
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Prymnesiophyta
Presence of haptonema between
two smooth flagella.
Cells are usually covered with scales.
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Bacillariophyta
Brown fucoxanthin gives the brown
color.
Cell are surrounded by a rigid two part box like cell wall
composed of silica, called the frustule.
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Xanthophyta
Most cell wall is composed of two overlapping halves.
Motile cells with a forwardly directed tinsel flagellum and a posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum.
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Eustigmatophyta
The only chlorophyll is ‘a’.
Starch is not reserve
food.
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Raphidophyta
Cells are large dorsiventrally
constructed.
Presence of chlorophyll a and c.
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Phaeophyta
Mostly marine.
Flagella two inserted
laterally, one
anterior tinsel & another poterior whiplash
Storage product is
laminarin.
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