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PROGRESSES AND CHALLENGES FOR BREEDING CLIMATE RESILIENT CROP CULTIVARS
Merja Veteläinen, Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd
31.10.2017
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Plant breeding progress in the past
Future challenges and opportunities
Summing up
31.10.2017
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INTRODUCTION
Plant breeding = genetic improvement of plant traits
sustainable changes
Plant breeding products = cultivars
Cultivar development time 8-10 years
Climate resilient crop cultivars = crop cultivars adapted to weather extremes/changing environment?
31.10.2017
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GOALS OF PLANT BREEDING
High yield
Adapatation to prevailing growing conditions
Winterhardiness for autumn sown crops
Good crop end- use quality
Resistance to pests and diseaases
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BOREAL BREEDING PROGRAMMES
cover all main species cultivated in Finland
Cereals
Barley, Oat, Spring/Winter-wheat, Winter-rye
Oil crops
Spring turnip rape
Grasses
Timothy, Tall fescue, Meadow fescue, Red clover
Other crops
Pea, Fababean
Several sub-programs
in order to produce
cultivars
in different maturity
groups
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INCREASED YIELD POTENTIAL…
CASE OAT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
Veli (1981) Aarre (1995) Fiia (2002) Akseli (2009)
Sato, kg/ha
lako-%
Source: Official variety trials
Yield kg/ha
Lodging %
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… WITHOUT COMPROMISING IN
EARLINESS
CASE 6-ROW BARLEY
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
Rolfi (1997) Voitto (2005) Aukusti (2010)
84,1 d 84,7 d 84,6 d
Source: Official variety trials 2003-2012
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ALSO DISEASE RESISTANCE HAS BEEN
IMPROVED
CASE BARLEY MILDEW
Lähde: Viralliset lajikekokeet, 2006-2013
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Rolfi (1997) Wolmari (2010) Jalmari (2013)
Sen
sit
ivit
y t
o b
arl
ey m
ild
ew
%
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WINTER HARDINESS CRUCIAL TRAIT FOR
OVERWINTERING CROPS
Photo: Mika Isolahti Tall fescue, Sotkamo trial
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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTION OPTIONS
FOR PLANT PRODUCTION
New varieties
and planting times
Crop diversi-fication
Preci-sion
agricul-ture
Conser-vation
agricul-ture
31.10.2017
Source: CGIAR
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31.10.2017
Seasonal changes in temperature and moisture conditions
Drought resistance
Resistance to anaerobic/flooding conditions
Variation in over-wintering conditions
Cold hardening and resistance, optimization of growth cessation time (forage crops)
Resistance to snow molds
New pests and diseases
Continuous improvement of resistance
Weather extremes e.g. rainstorms
Straw stiffness
Robust plant architecture
Increasing precipitation late season/at ripening
Straw stiffness, resistance to Fusarium toxins, pre-harvest sprouting resistance
CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES FOR PLANT BREEDING
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EXAMPLES ON RESEARCH NEEDS
• Genomic based plant breeding needs good phenotype measures
TRAITS
• Understanding of testing environments
ENVIRONMENT
31.10.2017
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SUMMING UP
Plant breeding has always developed varieties for coming environmental conditions
New breeding tools would allow to meet the future demands more quickly and more precisely than before
Adaptation of northern agriculture for future climate demands new massive research efforts in plant production sciences – LUKE’s role should be strengthened
31.10.2017