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Development and Localization of Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology
Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Developing Countries
(Indonesia and Mongolia)
Yong-Joo Kim, Ph. D. Senior Researcher
Highway Pavement Research Division Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
2014. 11. 07.
2014 Seoul S&T Forum (New Vision for Global R&DB) November 5th – 7th, 2014. Plaza Hotel Seoul, Seoul, Korea
2
History of KICT
Personnel
Budget
1983
43 Persons $1.4 Million
2014
832 Persons $138.3 Million
2013 1983
Establishment of KICT
KICT, Ilsan
1997
Fire Research Center, Hwasung
Government Sponsored Research Institute under the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
2006 2009
River Experiment Center, Andong
KICT (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
3
Introduction of KICT
4
International Cooperation
Development and Localization of Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology
Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Developing Countries
(Indonesia and Mongolia)
Yong-Joo Kim, Ph. D. Senior Researcher
Highway Pavement Research Division Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
2014. 11. 07.
2014 Seoul S&T Forum (New Vision for Global R&DB) November 5th – 7th, 2014. Plaza Hotel Seoul, Seoul, Korea
6
Content
Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Planning of Road Infrastructure in Developing Countries (Mongolia and Indonesia)
Development PWMA Technology Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Developed Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) Technology in Korea
Localization Strategy of PWMA Technology in Mongolia and Indonesia
7
Building Road Infrastructure in Developing Counties
Purpose
§ Many of developing countries are significantly building road infrastructure in order to develop sustainable integrated reliable road system with adequate mobility, accessibility and safety to support economic growth and social well-being.
Indonesia & Mongolia
DEVELOPED REGION DEVELOPING REGION
NEWLY DEVELOPING
REGION
§ Current road infrastructure proportion is not yet spread evenly for each areas of economic corridor.
8
Plan of Extending Road Infrastructure in Mongolia
Mongolia
§ 5,572-km State Highway
($1.8 B)
§ 990-km Expressway ($2.1 B)
§ Local Road in Ulaanbaatar City
($1.0B)
9
Plan of Extending Road Infrastructure in Indonesia
Indonesia
DEVELOPED REGION DEVELOPING REGION
NEWLY DEVELOPING
REGION
§ Particularly expanding toll road capacity (about 4,000km) to minimize travel time for major congested city.
§ Toll road/ expressway is only 75
7km, National Road is 38,569km. While, more than 300,000km are local roads.
10
Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia
Climate and Road Conditions
Problems and Needs
Rutting Low-Temp. Cra
cking
[범주 이름]
Concrete
Paveme
§ Asphalt pavement are frequently occurred early failures .
§ Paving construction period is very limited. Paving period is not enough to extend road infrastructure rapidly in Mongolia.
§ Normally, paving construction period for asphalt pavement is too short (only 6 months) because of cold temperature (current Temp. is 0˚C~-14˚C)
Inconsistence Paving
11
Weather and Road Conditions in Indonesia
Climate and Road Conditions
Problems and Needs
[범주 이름]
Concrete
Paveme
§ Asphalt pavement in Indonesia is mainly damaged by moisture and high temperature with heavy traffic loading
§ It is too difficult to manage compacting temperature at long haul distance project from asphalt plant.
§ Based on the limited number of asphalt plant in Indonesia, consistence paving temperature can not be managed in the job site (long haul distance project)
Hot temperature and repeated raining season
Rutting Exposed to moi
sture Stripping and P
othole
12
Content
Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Planning of Road Infrastructure in Developing Countries (Mongolia and Indonesia)
Development PWMA Technology Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Developed Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) Technology in Korea
Localization Strategy of PWMA Technology in Mongolia and Indonesia
13
Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) Technology
Definition
1 8 0 °C
1 6 0 °C
1 4 0 °C
1 2 0 °C
1 0 0 °C
8 0 °C
ProductionTemperature
ConstructionTemperature
ProductionTemperature
ConstructionTemperature
1 8 0 °C
1 6 0 °C
1 4 0 °C
1 2 0 °C
1 0 0 °C
8 0 °C
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement
By decreased production and compaction temperatures,
1) Saving energy and reducing emissions 2) Better workability and compaction quality 3) Longer transport haul distance project 4) Early traffic open
Warm-Mix Asphalt
14
LEADCAP WMA Technology in Korea
§ In 2013, KICT completed to develop the WMA technology fitted for road conditions in developed countries as like Korea, United States and European Countries.
§ Named “Low Energy and Low Carbon-Dioxide Asphalt Pavement (LEADCAP)”
§ Easy to reduce viscosity of bitumen to be compacted at warm temperature
15
Energy Saving
Energy Saving Energy Use
Fuel Reduction: 32%
The decreased production temperature leads to energy savings of 32%
16
Reducing Emission
Emission Reduction Emission
Nit
ric
Dio
xid
e (N
Ox)
,p
pm
Reduction: 32% Reduction: 18%
Reduction: 24% Reduction: 33%
17
Reduction of Traffic Open Time
Temperature vs. Time
WMA Pavement 5 hrs 20 min
HMA Pavement 7 hrs 30 min
Tem
per
atu
re (
C)
Time (min)
Temperature Monitoring
18
Implementation of LEADCAP WMA Technology in Foreign Counties
19
Content
Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Planning of Road Infrastructure in Developing Countries (Mongolia and Indonesia)
Development PWMA Technology Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Developed Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) Technology in Korea
Localization Strategy of PWMA Technology in Mongolia and Indonesia
20
Focus on Appropriate WMA Technology Customized for Developing Countries
§ Technical Transfer § Localization
§ Climate (Rain, Low Temp.)
§ Heavy Traffic Loading § Construction Conditio
n
§ Low Cost § Sustainable § Eco-Friendly
21
Challenges in Mongolia and Indonesia
Climate Traffic Lo
ading Construction
Temperatures
Temperature 26-32°C
Rainy Season
Traffic Loading
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Hot Temperature and Repeated Raining Season
Heavy and High Traffic Volume
Producing, Paving and Compacting Temperatures
Low-Temperature and Cold Region
Needed for Paving Quality Management
22
Concept of Customized WMA-INA Technology for Climate and Road Conditions in Indonesia
SBS Polymer Modifier Rutting Resistance,
Elastic Recovery
WMA Additive
LEADCAP-INA Additive Moisture Susceptibility,
Temperature Management
Solid-Typed PWMA-INA
Climate Traffic Loading
Temperature Management
Traffic Loading Workability and Compaction Quality
Hot Temperature and Repeated Raining Season
Heavy and High Traffic Volume
Producing, Paving and Compacting Temperatures
Polymer Modifier Sulfur
Indonesian Sulfur Stiffness and Strength I
mprovement
PWMA Additive
23
Concept of Customized WMA-MO Technology for Climate and Road Conditions in Mongolia
SBS Polymer Modifier Rutting and Low-Temperature Cracking Resistanc
e
WMA Additive
LEADCAP-MO Additive Temperature Managemen
t
Liquid-Typed PWMA-MO
Climate Traffic Loading
Temperature Management
Traffic Loading Workability and Compaction Quality
Heavy and High Traffic Volume
Producing, Paving and Compacting Temperatures
Polymer Modifier Anti-Freezing Oil
Low-Temperature Cracking Resistance
PWMA Additive
Low-Temperature and Clod Region
24
Content
Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Planning of Road Infrastructure in Developing Countries (Mongolia and Indonesia)
Development PWMA Technology Customized for Weather and Road Conditions in Mongolia and Indonesia
Developed Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) Technology in Korea
Localization Strategy of PWMA Technology in Mongolia and Indonesia
25
Cooperation with Government Research Institute (or Center) in Mongolia and Indonesia
ü For developing and localizing PWMA technology in developing countries, KICT cooperated with RSRC (Mongolia) and IRE (Indonesia)
§ Safely share the technology with secret information § Evaluate the technology without bias § Easily implement the technology in local area § Land the technology with government policy such as specification § Localize more easy and fast
(IRE) Institute of Road Engineering
(RSRC) Road Supervision, Science and Research Center
26
Strategy Procedure of Developing and Localizing PWMA Technology in Mongolia and Indonesia
Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4.
27
Step 1. Development and Evaluation by KICT (Enhancing PG & Flexibility at Low Temperature)
Performance Grade
PG 58-28
PG 64-34
Russian Asphalt
PWMA-MO Asphalt
58
28 34
64
Low
Tem
p.
Hig
h Te
mp.
Flexibility
Forc
e (M
Pa )
Deformation (mm)
Cold Bending Test (-10C)
①
②
① Russian Asphalt
② PWMA-MO Asphalt
28
Step 1. Development and Evaluation by KICT (Improving Rutting and Stripping Resistance)
Stripping Resistance Rutting Resistance
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ru
t D
epth
(mm
)
Number of Wheel Passes
u Indonesian PMA u PWMA-INA
29
Step 2. Validation by Developing Country (Satisfying Specification of PWMA-INA Bitumen)
60
55
Penetration (min. 40)
Pene
trat
ion
(dm
m)
50
350
250
Flash Point (min. 232)
Tem
pera
ture
(%
)
150
1,5000
1,000
Viscosity at 135℃ (max. 3,000)
Vis
cosi
ty (
cPs)
500
150
100
Ductility (min. 100)
Duc
tility
(cm
)
50
65
60
Softening Point (min. 54)
Tem
pera
ture
(℃
)
55
IRE Bitumen Plant
80
70
Elastic Recovery (min. 60)
Elas
tic R
ecov
ery
(%)
60
IRE Bitumen Plant
IRE Bitumen Plant
IRE Bitumen Plant
IRE Bitumen Plant
IRE Bitumen Plant
30
Step 2. Validation by Developing Country (Extension of Paving Construction Period in Cold Region)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Current Period of Road Construction in Mongolia (6 months)
Changed Period of Road Construction in Mongolia (7.5 months)
PWMA technology would extend asphalt paving construction period, about 2 months in Mongolia because PWMA mixtures are sti
ll workable and compactable at low temperatures.
Extended period of road construction will encourage to build more asphalt pavements in Mongolia
12
31
Step 3. Field Trials, Performance Monitoring and Promoting
Field Trials Monitoring Promotion
32
2012 2013, 2014
UKHAA KHUDAG – GASHUUN SUKHAIT
South Gobi Road
Ulaanbaatar City Road
Ulaanbaatar City Road
Project Site
Project Site
Project Site
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Field Applications (Demo and Real Projects) of PWMA-MO Technology in Mongolia)
33
PWMA-MO Pavement Section (24 months later after construction)
Good Condition
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Monitoring PWMA-MO Pavement in South Gobi Road (2012))
34
PWMA-MO Pavement Section (6 months later after construction)
Good Conditions
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Monitoring PWMA-MO Pavement in Ulaanbaatar City Road (2013))
35
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (PWMA-MO Pavement Successfully Debut in Mongolia (2012))
36
WMA Test Section Field Performance
HMA WMA (Zeolite)
WMA (LEADCAP)
• West Java (Subang) • 225m long and 6m wide • Haul Distance (38km) (1 hour 15 minutes )
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Built WMA Field Trial Section for Medium Traffic Volume Road in Indonesia (2012) and Its Monitoring)
37
PWMA-INA Field Trial l Location : Jatibarang Ring Road
l Haul Distance : 45km from AMP
l Indonesian straight bitumen has been mixed with PWMA-INA additive and sulfur at bitumen plant in Cilacap (Central Java)
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Built PWMA-INA Field Trial Section for Heavy Traffic Volume Road in Indonesia (2014))
38
Manufacturing PWMA-INA Bitumen
§ Local bitumen plant Indonesia blends the PWMA-INA bitumen and produces by themselves
Pouring PWMA-INA Additive and Sulfur into Feeder
Pouring PWMA-INA Bitumen into Drum
Step 3. Field Trial, Performance Monitoring and Promoting (Ready to Localize PWMA-INA Technology in Indonesian Paving Industry)
39
Step 4. Technology Transfer, Training and Localization
Technology Transfer Training Localization
40
Step 4. Technology Transfer, Training and Localization (Training and Technical Know-How Transfer)
41
Step 4. Technology Transfer, Training and Localization (Supporting with KICT Researchers)
42
Localization Model in Mongolia and Indonesia
Development KICT (Korea)
Validation KICT (Korea) IRE (Indonesia) RSRC (Mongolia)
Feasibility Field Trials Monitoring
Registration Patent Publication National Specification
Selection Private Company For Technology Transfer)
Training, Technical Know-How Transfer
Continuous Technical Support
Self Technical Support (Localization Completed)
43
Successful Localization is Very Hard and Time Consuming Work BUT It Is Worth the Effort and Time
Yongjoo Kim, Ph. D. Senior Researcher
Highway Pavement Research Division Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
2014 Seoul S&T Forum (New Vision for Global R&DB) November 5th – 7th, 2014. Plaza Hotel Seoul, Seoul, Korea