Sustainable Group Housing Projects: Setting Up a Methodological and Substantive Framework for Early Design Support

Sustainable Group Housing Projects

Setting Up a Methodological and Substantive Framework for Early Design Support

BART JANSSENS, M.ARCH. – BREEAM AParchitect - doctoral researcher – lecturerFaculty of Design Sciences - Architecture

UA: prof. dr. A. Verbruggen, prof. ir. arch. L. Denissen, prof. dr. A. VerhetselTU Delft: prof. Dr. M. Van Dorst

RESEARCHER PROFILE

TOPIC

MOTIVATIONAMBITION & ILLUSTRATIVE PRELIMINARY RESULTS

PUBLICATIONS

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SGHP – Setting Up a Methodological and Substantive Framework for Early Design Support

Content

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Researcher profile

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Topic

‘Group housing projects are projectssimultaneously designed andconstructed, composed of multipleprivate dwelling units in a strongcoherent whole, in a conceptual,architectural, urban, social,organizational way.’ WIM, 2009> Increasing sector in Flanders(VRIND, 2011), Belgium (Ruimte &Wonen, 2011)> Still minority in built environment

(Eurostat and Ruimte& Wonen)

‘Sustainable development isdevelopment that meets the needs ofthe present without compromising theability of future generations to meettheir own needs.’ WCED, 1987

‘Sustainable building or the GreenBuilding practice expands andcomplements the classical buildingdesign concerns of economy, utility,durability, and comfort.’ USEPA, 2009> Huge impact of built environment

Sense of urgency

‘Built environment is the human-madespace in which people live, work, andrecreate on a day-to-day basis.’ROOF & OLERU, 2008

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Motivation

Accumulation of problems

Sustainable Housing

No broad support base! Lack of / low spatial and

living quality (WIM, 2011)

Negative impact for the here and now, and the later and elsewere (hypothesis)

Sustainable Building

No broad support base! Lack of an integral,

objective and operationalframework

! Ad hoc, inefficient & ineffective design process

! Misuse of existing tools

Lack of suitable early design support tools (hypothesis)

Sustainable Group Housing Projects

Insignificant share building sector / not meanstreamNo integral approach in socalled ‘best practices’ (hypothesis)

Slow market regulation• Rigid sector > crucial role for academic research

(Bijdendijk, 2006)Societal relevance

theory∧∧∧∧

GAB ∨∨∨∨

practice

promising combination

Reference document?

Reference document?

Tailored criteria?

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Ambition - objectives

Actual objective > GAB NARROWING: THEORY - PRACTICE! Setting up a methodological and substantive framework for early design support in

view of successes in sustainable group housing projects

• Sub objective A: Building a generic methodological framework for a sustainability tool tailored for architect-designers

• Sub objective B: Determining a group housing specific substantive content of developed framework

Underlying objective > MAINSTREAMING SUSTAINABLE GROUP HOUSING• Development of an integral framework for sustainable group housing projects• Creating a starting point for a future operational tool, an interface between theory

and practice• Verifying stated hypotheses (tailored criteria for and final developed framework as

reference)

• Broadening the support base for sustainable group housing projects, group housing and sustainable building in general

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Ambition – questions and approach

Part A• What generic methodological

framework for a sustainability tool could be suitable for an architect-designer?

o Features of object, aim, actor and process?o Criteria for such a tool?o Issues of existing kinds of toolso What could be a promising concept?o Which ‘state of the art’ recommendations

should be kept in mind for the development?

Part B• What is the group housing specific

substantive content (body of knowledge) for developedmethodological framework?

Depending on the outcomes of part A

Main Questions Sub questions

ApproachInterrelation practicing architect - academician

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Ambition – methodology – strategic approach

Scie

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Generic methodological framework

Specific substantive body of knowledge

‘There is a great wealth of knowledge carried in the objects of our material culture. If you want to know how an object should be designed – e.g. what shapes and sizes it should have, what material it should be made from – go and look at existing examples of that kind of object, and simply (i.e. learn!) from the past.’

(Cross, 2006)

‘knowledge that resides in objects’ (Cross, 2006) (Douglas & Isherwood, 1979)

‘invention comes before theory’ \ “the world of ‘doing and making’ is usually ahead of the world of understanding – technology leads to science, not vica versa as is often believed.”(Pye, 1978)

‘metaphoric appreciation’ (Cross, 2006)

this is the work for a scientist, preferably with a background of a designer

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Ambition – methodology – part A

‘Within the field of design research, design praxiology studies the

practices and processes of design.’Cross, 1999

aimprocess

actorobject

DE

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D L

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TUR

E S

TUD

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NA

LYS

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SYN

THE

SIS

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EA

SO

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Criteria

Issues of existingkinds of tools

Delimination of a concept

Proposition foraimed genericmethodological

framework

Set of startingpoints

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NP

RA

CTI

TIO

NE

RS

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Ambition – methodology – part A – preliminary results

implicit elements (IE)

explicit elements (EE)

(EE-1) BackgroundingTheory, practice, and interfacing aspects of object and aim• identification & definition• components & variables• state of the art• relationship & balance

(EE-2) Ideological conceptsPre-design considerations for problem framing and post-design referencing• overall guiding principles• quantitative rules of thumb• qualitative guiding principles

… as design recommendations

(EE-4) Compact conceptsDesign inspiration: integrated spatial nested solution generators• thematic nested measures• morphologic object component

nested measures• (Illustrative morphologic object

model based measures packages)

(EE-3) Diffuse conceptsDesign inspiration: single / multiple oriented solution generators• specification sheets of measures• schemata of cohesive

measures for guiding principles• cross guiding principle schemata

of cohesive measures

Scie

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(IE-1) Best real-life practice backed(IE-2) Cross structure referencing(IE-3) Suitable representation techniques(IE-4) Database of knowledge(IE-5) Building of episodic knowledge

(IE-6) Transcending the specific(IE-7) No value judgement(IE-8) Non exhaustive display(IE-9) Combinability’s(IE-10) Satisfying and optimizing

theory – practice / problem – solution gradation< GAB NARROWING >

(SE) Pre operational tool

\

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Ambition – methodology – part B

CASESTUDY RESEARCHLITERATURE RESEARCH BY DESIGN

EE-1

EE-2EE-3EE-4

SE

Body of theory

• Group housing• Sustainable

development• Sustainable

building

Synoptic table

• Sustainabilitymeasures

• Group housingfeatures

Development

• Plausibleconcepts

EE-2EE-3EE-4

verification - optimizationexplorative – descriptive - analytic – synthetical

case

case

outside the coreof the research

Impl

emen

tatio

n

Des

ign

Eva

luat

ion

Dev

elop

men

t

fragmented: thematic - component level integral: project level

Ana

lysi

s

evaluative leap

EE-1

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Ambition – methodology – part B – illustrative preliminary results

EE-2 Ideological conceptsqualitative guiding principles

EE-4 Compact conceptsspatial nested measures

EE-3 Diffuse conceptsmeasure > cohesive measures

Ghost layer, mesh, referencingdocument

Schemata, combining abilities

IDI - Opportunities forpersonalisation

SIA - Privacy regulationSCO- Public/collective/private

gradationATT- Possibilities for

recreation…

ENE - Bioclimatic designWAT - Handling of rainwaterMAT - Protection of materials

by designECO - Green & blue network…

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Ambition – limitations & outlook

Limitations• Selected literature• Focus on tangible sustainable pillars (P/P) with physical-spatial impacts on the project• Casestudyresearch on selected projects

o amount (+/- 50) o demonstration and best practice projects (self-claimed, objective?)

• Approach of an architect-researcher

Outlook• Verification generic methodological framework (part A) by working field of architect-

designers (2014)• Research by design for verification and optimization (students ‘14 – ’15)• Verification framework by working field of architect-designers• Development of the framework into a practical tool

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Publications – fundamental research, inputs part A

THE ANATOMY OF INVESTING IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS, Energy and Buildings, 2011

AVOIDING IRREVOCABLE INVESTMENTS IN BUILDINGS‘ ENERGY PERFORMANCE LEVELS, ISUP conference 2012, Belgium / Energy Forum 2012, Italy

FEASIBILITY OF UPGRADING THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF RECENT MASSIVE BRICK HOUSES, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2014

ARCHITECTURAL AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF UPGRADING THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF RECENT MASSIVE BRICK HOUSES, PassiveHouse Symposium 2011, Belgium

EVALUATING IRREVOCABLE EE HOUSING INVESTMENTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY: A CASE STUDY, PassiveHouse Symposium 2011, Belgium

ECOLOGICAL BUILDING DESIGN MEASURES AS A POWERFUL LEVERAGE FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND VICE VERSA: A ‘REAL-LIFE‘ PERSPECTIVE FROM GROUPED HOUSING PROJECTS, PLEA 2012, Peru

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Publications – outputs

SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS FOR ARCHITECT-DESIGNERS: CRITERIA, ISSUES AND OUTLOOK, Architectural Design Conference, 2014, Turkey > Output part A

ECOLOGICAL BUILDING DESIGN MEASURES AS A POWERFUL LEVERAGE FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND VICE VERSA: A ‘REAL-LIFE‘ PERSPECTIVE FROM GROUPED HOUSING PROJECTS, PLEA 2012, Peru

> Output part B

REVIEWING THE FIRST EUROPEAN RESIDENTIAL PROJECT RECEIVING THE ‘OUTSTANDING‘ BREEAM CERTIFICATE, PLEA 2013, Germany > Output part B

ASSESSMENT AND RATING TOOLS: A GUARANTEE FOR SUSTAINABLE SUCCESSES? Architecture and Sustainability Book Project, 2014 > Output part B

GROUP HOUSING PROJECTS AS A POWERFUL LEVERAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PassiveHouse Symposium 2009, Belgium

SUSTAINABLE GROUP HOUSING PROJECTS: INTRODUCTION, INSIGHTS AND VERIFICATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SURINAM, Anton De Kom University ofSurinam, 2014, Surinam

> Output part B

> Output part B

TRANSITIONAL SPACES: RECONCILING CONFLICTS IN DENSE SUSTAINABLE HOUSING PROJECTS, The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 3 – 6 July 2014, Brighton, United Kingdom

> Output part B

BART JANSSENS, M.ARCH. – BREEAM AParchitect - doctoral researcher – lecturerFaculty of Design Sciences - Architecture