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What Child Death Review Teams Can Tell Us about Drowning
Maximizing the Opportunities to Prevent Infant and Child Drownings
Teri Covington, MPH,
Sharing the Story
Guiding Principles
A Comprehensive Purpose
Investigation/Response Services Prevention
CDR in the U.S.
Healthy People 2020
At a Review Meeting
No supervision Poverty
Poor supervision
Poor Access
to EMS care
Unable to read
No fencing
Impulsive behavior
Stress Teenagers
Substance Use
Boys
No zoning ordinances
Poor signage
Drowning
Faulty gates
Bad weather
Unable to swim
No child care
Identify the Risk Factors
Green water
CDR Case Reporting System
System Features
Limitations of the Data
Data on Drowning
MT
WY
ID
WA
OR
NV
UT CA 10%
AZ 7%
ND
SD
NE
CO
NM
TX 17%
OK
KS
AR
LA
MO
IA
MN
WI
IL IN
KY
TN 6%
MS AL GA
FL
SC
NC
VA WV
OH 9%
MI 7%
NY
PA 5%
MD
DE
NJ CT
RI
MA
ME
VT
NH
HI
No drownings in the database
With other 6 states, represents more than 60% of the cases
Included in data
States with Data in the System n=2,440, 1996-2011, 92% from 2005-2011
No supervision Poverty
Poor supervision
Poor Access
to EMS care
Unable to read
No fencing
Impulsive behavior
Stress Teenagers
Substance Use
Boys
No zoning ordinances
Poor signage
Drowning
Faulty gates
Bad weather
Unable to swim
No child care
Identify the Risk Factors
Green water
AGE and Gender, by Percent n=2,440
Under age 1
8%
Ages 1 - 4 48%
Ages 5 - 9 14%
Ages 10-14 12%
Ages 15 - 18 16%
Over 18 Years Old
1% UK 1%
By Age
Male 68%
Female 31%
UK 1%
By Gender
Data Source: NCRPCD Case
Race and Ethnicity, by Percent n=2,440
White 66%
African American
19%
Native Hawaiian
1%
Pacific Island
0% Asian
3%
Amer Indian
1%
Multi-racial 1%
UK 9%
By Race n=2440
Yes 20%
No 71%
UK 9%
By Hispanic Origin
Data Source: NCRPCD Case
By Location and Child’s Activity n=2,440
Open water 30%
Pool/hot tub 43%
Bath tub 14%
Other 8% UK
5%
Playing 33%
Swimming
15%
Bathing 10% Sleeping
2%
Other 18%
UK 22%
Child's Activity Last Seen Before Drowning Place of Drowning
Location of Drowning by Age
Place
Under age 1
Ages 1 - 4 Ages 5 - 9 Ages 10-14
Ages 15 - 18
Over 18 Years Old
Missing Total
Open water
Count 3 175 116 167 262 16 1 740
% 1% 15% 35% 55% 68% 73% 7% 30%
Pool, hot tub, spa
Count 17 734 146 81 61 2 4 1045
% 8% 62% 44% 27% 16% 9% 27% 43%
Bath tub Count 148 130 33 17 16 3 0 347
% 72% 11% 10% 6% 4% 14% 0% 14%
Other Count 28 88 23 28 24 1 1 193
% 14% 7% 7% 9% 6% 5% 7% 8%
UK Count 9 50 13 11 23 0 9 115
% 4% 4% 4% 4% 6% 0% 60% 5%
Total Count 205 1177 331 304 386 22 15 2440
% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
33 kids died in bathtub btn ages 5-9 (5 were homicides; 23 accidents; 5 undetermined) (15 of 17 kids ages 10-14 died in bathtub were accidents.) (13 of 16 of kids ages 15-18 died in bathtub were accidents)
Pool Drownings
Above ground 20%
In ground 60%
Wading 2%
Hot tub/spa 3%
UK 15%
Type of Pool n=1045
Private 63%
Public 9%
UK 28%
Type of Pool Ownership n=1045
In two percent of the pool drownings (n=21), child found on top of or under a pool cover
In 52% of public pool drownings (n=96), no lifeguard was present.