Upload
facasi
View
83
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Farm Mechanization and Conservation
Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification
Evaluating and demonstrating 2WT-based
technologies to support Conservation
Agriculture systems – in Ethiopia
Girma M.(PI), Friew K., Bisrat G., Yared D.
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Outline
• Background
• Achievement against outputs/milestones
• Capacity Building
• Preliminary results
Preliminary results
• Summery
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Ethiopian agriculture
50% GDP and provide livelily hood to 80% the population
Low agricultural production
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Dominated by smallholder farmers
Farm power relies to an overwhelming extent on human
muscle and animal
approximately only 0.52 horsepower per hectare
traditional farming implements and practices
hand-tools and thousands-year old tillage implements
Human & animal power
36%
24%
30%
9%
1%<0.5 Ha
0.5-1 Ha
1-2 Ha
2-10 Ha
>10 Ha
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Achievements against outputs/milestones
Objective 1: To evaluate and demonstrate 2WT-based technologies to
support CA systems, using expertise and implements from Africa, South
Asia and Australia.
Output 1.1: Most promising 2WT-based technologies identified and acquired
Output 1.2: Best bet 2WT-based technologies evaluated on-station and on-station
Output 1.3: Best bet 2WT-based technologies evaluated on-farm and continuously
refined
Output 1.4: Exploration of short term incentives and long-term impact of 2WT-
based
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Achievements against outputs/milestones
Inception and launching workshop
to ingurgitation the project and introduce the
concept and principles of Mechanization based CA to
wider community. Leaf lets, banner and different
materials were prepared
Site characterization
Two study sites were selected
type of crop, topography, presence of commercially
oriented agriculture, availability of labour, availability
of infrastructure like maintenance service, electricity,
fuel station etc.
Biophysical and socio-economics characterization of
the two selected site(Hawassa zuria woreda and Tiyo
woredas) done using secondary data which were
collected mainly from respective zonal and werda
agricultural offices
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Focus group discussions (FGD)
(five in Awassa Zuria an two in Tiyo) - conducted on five kebeles at both study sites to understand the current knowledge and skills on 2WT.
Farm survey
with focus on farm power and drudgery, disaggregated by gender was carried out.
A total of 200 interviews were undertaken in Ethiopia (100 interviews per site: Hawassa and Assela).
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Inventory of 2WT with ancillary equipments
Inventory and characterization of 2WT available in the country were conducted
focusing on areas where most dealers are found i.e Addis Ababa and Adama.
National custom authority also visited to get information on type and number of
agricultural Machinery imported in Country.
Protocol development
Test protocol for on-station and field evaluation was prepared.
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
• Best bet 2WT-based technologies evaluated on-farm
Six different direct multi-crop planters were imported from China, Brazil,
Bangladesh, USA
National Agro
Danyang 2BFG-100
JEM CA seeder
Fitarelli single row
Fitarelli two row
VMP
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Methodology
Design: RCBD
Crop: Wheat and maize
Plot: 3.5X40
Data collected: fuel consumption, field capacity and agronomic parameters
such as plant population at emergence, planting depth and soil paramters
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Calibration and modifications
Fabrication of key from the VMP metering mechanism form leaf spring steel.
Modification of the metering wheel for National Agro zero till planter.
Modification of the weight balancing of Fitarelli single row planter(counter
weight).
Modification of the fertilizer metering plate for Fitarelli two row zero till planter.
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Preliminary results Technology inventory
Kaleb private company
Agricultural Machineries and Technical Service
Ries engineering
Gedeb engineering private limited company
AMIO engineering
Hagbes
MOENCO
Metal and engineering corporation (METEC)
has experience with importation of Walking and medium-heavy duty types of tractors with their accessories.
3000 walking tractors have been imported from China (8 and 15hp) and Turkey (12hp) and 800 of them have been sold to Southern region, Jima and Benshangul areas. 8, 12 and 15hp tractors are sold for 30539 to 40927 birr/unit with basic attachments
5989 tractors with hp range of 18 to 180 have been imported. Out of these about 4900 tractors were imported in 2013. There is a plan for importing 2500 tractors/year.
In all of the companies 2WT have not been given prime focus in the business as they did not sell quickly (or the demand is undeveloped) and where they did the feedback was that the tractors face complaints of producing vibration, greater energy requirement, lack of experienced operators, limited awareness about the benefits of the tractors and farmers’ lack of financial sources or appropriate credit facility to buy the tractors. None of them engage in CA equipment
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Focus group discussions (FGD)
Findings
show lowest mechanisation among women-dominated tasks.
imbalances among women and men
Level of women labour drudgery was often directly dependent on how well men performed their tasks. For instance, if tillage was efficiently done, there would be less weeding, if transport was organised well by men women travelled less to fetch water, if construction was decently done then grain storage was adequate. However, chores mainly done by women were often routine and more frequent.
Ethiopian farmers also pooled i.e. teamed up oxen and labour esp. when individual homesteads did not own full sets for draught.
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
On station trialsPlant population
National A
gro
Danyang 2BFG-1
00
JEM C
A seeder
Fitare
lli sin
gle row
Fita
relli
two ro
wVMP
Conentional
Y D
ata
0
2e+4
4e+4
6e+4
8e+4
1e+5
Planting depth
National A
gro
Danyang 2BFG-1
00
JEM C
A seeder
Fitare
lli sin
gle row
Fita
relli
two ro
wVMP
Conentional
Y D
ata
0
5
10
15
20
25
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Total time(hr/ha)
National A
gro
Danyang 2BFG-1
00
JEM C
A seeder
Fitare
lli sin
gle row
Fita
relli
two ro
wVMP
Conentional
Y D
ata
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fuel Cons.(lt/ha)
X Data
National A
gro
Danyang 2BFG-1
00
JEM C
A seeder
Fitare
lli sin
gle row
Fita
relli
two ro
wVMP
Conentional
Y D
ata
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
CAPACITY-BUILDING
TRAINING-CUM-TOUR to India
Impart skills for hands on use of agricultural mechanization and conservation agriculture tools and machinery
Identify practical opportunities for establishment of strong formal linkages with the Indian Council for Agricultural Research in line with ICARs expected capacity building (in-country trainings by Indian researchers; enrolment of African PhD students in Indian Universities) of the national research programs in the six target countries
Link local African manufacturers and importers to the Indian private sector.
Network the African and Indian farm mechanization and conservation agriculture stakeholders
Study to Bangladesh
To attend a conference on “CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN ASIA AND AFRICA”
To make study tour to different parts of Bangladesh to broaden knowledge on 2WT-based technologies and conservation agriculture (CA).
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Training of researchers
Training of researcher teams in the calibration, operation, repair and
maintenance of 2WT and ancillary equipment) was conducted though it
delayed due to the postponing of the trainers.
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
Summary
No
.
Activities Unit of
meas.
Annual
Plan
Budget year
achievement
% Reasons
for the
difference
1 Farm Survey with
focus on farm power
& drudgery,
disaggregated by
gender
No. of
sites02 02 100 -
2 Training of
researcher teams in
the calibration,
operation,repair,and
maintenance of 2WT
& ancillary
equipments.
No. 01 01 100 -
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
N
o.
Activities Unit of
meas.
Annual
Plan
Budget year
achievemen
t
% Reasons
for the
differen
ce
3
Identification of at
least 5 farm sites per
innovation platforms
for participatory
evaluation of 2WT
based technologies
No. 10 10 100 -
4
Researcher managed
field evaluation of
most- promising 2WT
–based technologies in
Kulumsa & Hawassa
research stations
% 100 95 95 -
Agricultural
Mechanization
Research
No
.
Activities Unit of
meas.
Annual
Plan
Budget
year
achievem
ent
% Reasons
for the
difference
5
Country level literature
review, complemented by
a quick appraisal using
key informants, of the
following markets
2WT,ancillary equipment,
two-wheelers, three
wheelers and spare parts
% 100 100 100 -
6
Interview of national and
local market actors(local
importers,
manufacturers, financial
organizations, mechanics
and workshops) including
movement institutions
% 100 50 100 -