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Just in Time
Claudia Regife Vera
Blanca Paloma García López
Mª Carmen Gil Hurtado
GADI 31
Operations Management II
INDEX
1.Just in time
2.Just in time layout
3.Just in time inventory
4.Lean Production.
5. Just in time in sevices
1.Just in time (JIT)
“A philosophy of continuous and forced problem solving that drives out waste”
JIT is a key component of Lean Production
Supplies and components are “pulled” through a system to arrive where they are needed when they are needed
Key points:
1) WASTE REDUCTION
2) VARIABILITY REDUCTION
3) PUSH versus PULL
1.1)Waste reduction
JIT
1.2) Variability reduction
“Any deviation from ghe optimum process that delivers perfect product on time, every time”
The less variability, the less waste in the system.
Variability is caused by poor management.
It occurs because:
Incomplete or inaccurate drawings or specifications.
Poor production processes resulting in incorrect quantities, late, or non-conforming units.
Unknown customer demands.
1.3) Pull versus Push
PULL system: a system that pulls a unit to where it is needed just as needed.
PUSH system: a system that pushes materials into downstream workstation regardless of their timeliness or availability of resources to perform the work.
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. 16 – 7
JIT and Competitive JIT and Competitive AdvantageAdvantage
Figure 16.1Figure 16.1
2. JIT LAYOUT
“JIT layout reduces the movement of material on a
factory floor that doesn´t add value.”
Move material directly to the location where needed
1)Distance reduction
2) Increased flexibility
3) Impact on employees.
4) Reduce space and inventory.
2.1)Distance
reduction
The use of WORK CELLS appears
Often based on group technology codes
Contains several machines performing different operations
RESULT produce one good unit at a time>>> units are only produced after a customer order.
2.2)Increased
Flexibility
Work cells are designed to easily adapt to changes (volume, improvement, design…)
Also applied to office environment ( furniture and equipment movable, office walls and telecommunications connections…)
2.3) Impact on employees
Cross-trained employees Flexibility and efficiency.
JIT
better communication
immediate feedback
2.4)Reduced space
& inventory
Reduction of travel distance
storage is reduced or even removed
3. Just in time
inventory
“The minimum inventory neccesary to keep a perfect
system running”
3.1 Reduce variability
Eliminate inventory that hides variability in the production system
3.2 Reduce inventory
Remove inventory that reduces variability
3.3 Reduce Lots sizes
Producing good products in small lot sizes helps in reducing inventory and inventory costs.
3.4 Reduce set-up costs
The way to drive down lot sizes and reduce average inventory is to reduce set up costs which in turn lowers the optimum order size
3. Just in time
inventory
4.Lean Production
“A way to eliminate waste through a focus on exactly what the customer wants”
External focus
Analysis of activities required to production and optimization of the entire process according to customers.
A good example: Toyota Producti
on System ( TPS)
4 PRINCIPLES:
1.Completely specified work
2.Customer-supplier relationship must be direct and related information specific
3.Product and service flows simple and direct
4.Scientific method at the lowest possible level in the organization
Attributes of a lean producer
Use of just in time techniques.
Build systems that help employees to be efficient.
Reduce space requirements.
Close relationships with suppliers.
Educate suppliers to accept responsibilities
Eliminate all but value-added activities.
Constant development of the work force
Responsibility at the lowest level ( challenging jobs)
Japanese 5 S’s of lean
production
Sort/segregate
Simplify/ straighten
Shine/ sweep
Standardize
Sustain/self discipline
US :
•Safety •Support/ Maintenance
7 wastes
Overproduction
Queues
Transportation
Invetory
Motion
Overprocessing
Defective product
5. Just in time in services
As In JIT production it requires:
Suppliers
Layouts
Inventory
Scheduling
