STATUS OF WoMEN IN INDIA

-BY

G.MANIDEEP(117Y1A0575)

MLRITM,DUNDIGAL.

WOMEN in society

CONTENTS:

1.History2.Independent India3.Timeline culture4.Education and development5.Crimes against women6.Other concerns7.Notable Indian women

The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia.

In modern India, women have held high offices in India including that of the president, prime minister, speaker of look Sabah and Leader of Opposition.

According to a global poll conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the “ fourth most dangerous country" in the world for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 countries.

WOMEN IN INDIA

HISTORY:

ANCIENT INDIA -according to scholars, women in ancient India enjoyed equal status with men

in all aspects of life. -According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early

 Vedic period.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD -Indian women's position in society further deteriorated during the medieval

Period, when child marriages and a ban on remarriage by widows became part of social life in some communities in India. -In spite of these conditions, women often became prominent in the fields of politics, literature, education and religion.

HISTORY :CONTINUED...…

HISTORY:continued…..HISTORICAL PRACTISES

-Traditions such as Sati, Jauhar, and Devadasi among some communities have been banned and are largely defunct in modern India. However, some instances of these practices are still found in remote parts of India.

-The purdah is still practiced by Indian women in some communities. Child marriage remains common in rural areas,

although it is illegal under current Indian law.

SatiJauharPurdahdevadasis

INDEPENDENT INDIA

Women in India now participate fully in areas such as education, sports, politics, media, art and culture, service sectors, science and technology, etc. Indira Gandhi, who served as  Prime minister of India for an aggregate period of fifteen years, is the world's longest serving woman Prime Minister.

The Constitution of India guarantees to all Indian women-women equality(Article14)- no discrimination by the State (Article 15(1)), -equality of opportunity (Article 16), and -equal pay for equal work (Article 39(d)).

Since alcoholism is often associated with violence against women in India, many women groups launched Anti-liquor campaigns.

TIMELINE:

The steady change in their position can be highlighted by looking at what has been achieved by women in the country:

1848: Jyotirao phule along with his wife savitribhai phule opened a school for girls in Pune, India. Savitribai Phule became the first woman teacher in India.

1905: Suzanne RD Tata becomes the first Indian woman to drive a car.1917: Annie Besant became the first female president of the Indian national congress.1925: Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian born female president of the Indian National Congress.1927: The All India Women's Conference was founded.1953: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first woman (and first Indian) president of the United Nations General Assembly.

1953: Vijaya laxmi Pandit became the first woman (and first Indian) president of the United nations Assembly.1959: Anna Chandy becomes the first Indian woman judge of a High Court (Kerala High Court).1966: Captain Durga Banerjee becomes the first Indian woman pilot of the state airline, Indian Airlines.1966: Indira Gandhi becomes the first woman Prime Minister of India.1972: Kiran Bedi becomes the first female recruit to join the Indian Police Service1979: Mother Teresa wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Indian female citizen to do so.1984: On 23 May, Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest.1989: Justice M. Fathima Beev becomes the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India.1997: Kalpana Chawla becomes the first India-born woman to go into space.

TIMELINE:continued…

2000: Karnam Malleaswari became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal (bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics at Sydney).

2007: Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman President.

2009: Meira Kumar became the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha, the lower house in Indian Parliament.

TIMELINE:continued…

Pratibha Devisingh Patilwas the 12thPresidentof the Republic of India and first womanto hold the office.

CULTURE:A sari (a long piece of fabric wound around the body) and salwar kameez are worn by women all over India. A bindi is part of a woman's make-up.

Despite common belief, the bindi on the forehead does not signify marital status; however, the Sindoor does.Rangoli (or Kolam) is a traditional art very popular among Indian women.

Traditional modern

Change in Culture

EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT:

According to 1992-93 figures, only 9.2% of the households in India were headed by females. However, approximately 35% of the households below the poverty line were found to be headed by females.

EDUCATION:Though it is gradually increasing, the female literacy rate in India is less than the male literacy rate. Far fewer girls than boys are enrolled in school, and many girls drop out.

According to scholars, the major factor behind improvements in the social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy.

Contrary to common perception, a large percentage of women in India work. National data collection agencies accept that statistics seriously understate women's contribution as workers. However, there are far fewer women than men in the paid workforce. In urban India, women participate in the workforce in impressive numbers. For example, in the software industry 30% of the workforce is female. In the workplace women enjoy parity with their male counterparts in terms of wages and roles.

WOMEN AT WORK CARRYINGBRICKS.

WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION:

Police records in India show a high incidence of crimes against women. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that by 2010 growth in the rate of crimes against women would exceed the population growth rate. Earlier, many crimes against women were not reported to police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation. Official statistics show a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.Acid throwingChild marriageDomestic violenceDowryFemale-infanticide and sex-selective abortionRapeSexual harassmenttrafficking

CRIMES AGAINS WOMEN:

OTHER CONCERNS:

Social opinionsIn the wake of several brutal rape attacks in the capital city of Delhi, debates held in other cities revealed that men believed women who dressed provocatively deserved to get raped; HealthIn many families, especially rural ones, girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, and are anaemic and malnourished.The maternal mortality in India is the 56th highest in the world.42% of births in the country are supervised in Medical Institution. Family planningThe average woman living in a rural area in India has little or no control over becoming pregnant. Women, particularly women in rural areas, do not have access to safe and self-controlled methods of contraception.

OTHER CONCERNS: continued….

Sex ratiosIndia has a highly skewed sex ratio, which is attributed to sex-selective abortion and female infanticide affecting approximately one million female babies per year. In, 2011, government stated India was missing three million girls and there are now 48 less girls per 1,000 boys. Despite this, the government has taken further steps to improve the ratio, and the ratio is reported to have been improved in recent years.SanitationIn 2011 a "Right to Pee" (as called by the media) campaign began in Mumbai, India's largest city. Women, but not men, have to pay to urinate in Mumbai, despite regulations against this practice. Women have also been sexually assaulted while urinating in fields. Thus, activists have collected more than 50,000 signatures supporting their. In response, city officials have agreed to build hundreds of public toilets for women in Mumbai, and some local legislators are now promising to build toilets for women in every one of their districts.

NOTABLE INDIAN WOMEN:EDUCATIONSavitribai Phule was a social reformer.Along with her husband, Mahatma Jotiba Phule, she played an important role in improving women's rights in India during British Rule. Savitribai was the first female teacher of the first women's school in India and also considered to be the pioneer of modern Marathi poetry. In 1852 she opened a school for Untouchable caste girls.SPORTS:Some famous female sportspersons in Indian includeP. T. Usha (athletics), J. J. Shobha (athletics), Kunjarani Devi (weightlifting), Diana Edulji (cricket), Saina Nehwal (badminton), Koneru Hampi (chess)

NOTABLE INDIAN WOMEN :continued… Sania Mirza (tennis).

Female Olympic medalists from India include weightlifter Karnam Malleswari (weight lifting)(bronze, 2000), Saina Nehwal (badminton)(bronze, 2012), Mary Kom (boxing)(bronze, 2012).

Karnam Malleswari Mary Kom Saina Nehwal

REFERENCES

1.WIKIPEDIA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India.

2.  "Status of Women in India" by Shobana Nelasco.

3. Reuters, Thomas (2011-08-13). "The World's 5 Most Dangerous Countries For WomenThomson Reuters Foundation Survey". Retrieved June 2011.

THANKING YOU….

PLEASE