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Android ThingsEgor Andreevici@EgorAnd
https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/12/announcing-googles-new-internet-of-things-platform-with-weave-and-android-things.html
● Build connected devices using familiar tools, such as Android SDK and
Android Studio
● Google Play Services & Google Cloud
● Flashable image + SDK (Developer Preview)
Android Things
Android Things Platform - https://developer.android.com/things/sdk/index.html
● Peripheral I/O API○ GPIO, PWM, I2C, SPI, UART
● User Driver API○ Inject hardware events into the framework
Things Support Library
● Missing core packages○ e.g. ContactsContract, MediaStore, Settings etc.
● Displays are optional
● Subset of Google Play Services available
● No runtime permissions
● No notifications
Behavior Changes
Hardware: Turnkey Solutions
● Certified development boards
● SoMs (System-on-Modules)○ SoC, RAM, Flash Storage, WiFi, Bluetooth etc.
● Board Support Package (BSP) managed by Google
Hardware
Supported boards - https://developer.android.com/things/hardware/developer-kits.html
Intel® Edison NXP Pico i.MX6UL Raspberry Pi 3
Coming soon - https://developer.android.com/things/hardware/developer-kits.html
Intel® Joule™ 570x NXP Argon i.MX6UL
Rainbow HAT - https://developer.android.com/things/hardware/developer-kits.html
● Hardware Attached on Top○ Seven multicolor LEDs
○ Four 14-segment alphanumeric displays
○ Three capacitive touch buttons
○ Blue, green and red LEDs
○ Temperature and pressure sensor
○ Piezo buzzer
Rainbow HAT
Raspberry Pi 3 + Rainbow HAT:Getting Started
● 8 Gb or larger SD card
● HDMI display + cable
● Ethernet cable
● SD card reader
Flashing the Image: Requirements
● Download and unzip the latest preview image○ https://developer.android.com/things/preview/download.html
● Write the image to the SD card○ Instructions for Linux, Mac and Windows
● Insert the SD card into the Raspberry Pi
Flashing the Image
Android Things Launcher
Connecting via ADB
$ adb connect <ip-address>
connected to <ip-address>:5555
or
$ adb connect Android.local
if host platform supports Multicast DNS
Connecting WiFi
$ adb shell am startservice \
-n com.google.wifisetup/.WifiSetupService \
-a WifiSetupService.Connect \
-e ssid <Network_SSID> \
-e passphrase <Network_Passcode>
Demo App
https://blog.egorand.me/making-rainbow-hat-work-with-the-android-things-2/
● Handle touch button clicks
● Change text on the alphanumeric display
● Play a melody using the buzzer
● Blink RGB leds along with the melody
Rainbow HAT Demo
Declaring Dependencies
dependencies { provided 'com.google.android.things:androidthings:0.1-devpreview'
compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-button:0.1' compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-ht16k33:0.1' compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-pwmspeaker:0.1' ...}
app/build.gradle
Declaring Dependencies
dependencies { provided 'com.google.android.things:androidthings:0.1-devpreview'
// compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-button:0.1' // compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-ht16k33:0.1' // compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-pwmspeaker:0.1'
compile 'com.google.android.things.contrib:driver-rainbowhat:0.1' ...}
app/build.gradle
Creating Manifest
AndroidManifest.xml
<application ...>
<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.things"/>
…
</application>
Creating an Activity
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
class RainbowHATDemoActivity : Activity() {
…}
Declaring the Activity in Manifest
AndroidManifest.xml
<activity android:name=".RainbowHATDemoActivity"> <!-- Launch activity from Android Studio --> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> …<activity>
Declaring the Activity in Manifest
AndroidManifest.xml
<activity android:name=".RainbowHATDemoActivity"> … <!-- Launch activity automatically on boot --> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.IOT_LAUNCHER"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/> </intent-filter><activity>
Instantiating driver classes
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
buttons = Buttons() display = Display() buzzer = Buzzer() leds = Leds()
...}
Creating the Buttons class
Buttons.kt
class Buttons(private val buttonDrivers: List<ButtonInputDriver> = listOf( registerButtonDriver(BUTTON_A_GPIO_PIN, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_A), registerButtonDriver(BUTTON_B_GPIO_PIN, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_B), registerButtonDriver(BUTTON_C_GPIO_PIN, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_C))) { …}
Creating the Buttons class
Buttons.kt
val BUTTON_A_GPIO_PIN = "BCM21"val BUTTON_B_GPIO_PIN = "BCM20"val BUTTON_C_GPIO_PIN = "BCM16"
Raspberry Pi 3 + Rainbow HAT Pinout - https://pinout.xyz/pinout/rainbow_hat
Creating the Buttons class
Buttons.kt
private fun registerButtonDriver(pin: String, keycode: Int): ButtonInputDriver { val driver = ButtonInputDriver( pin = pin, logicLevel = Button.LogicState.PRESSED_WHEN_LOW, keycode = keycode) driver.register() return driver}
Creating the Display class
Display.kt
class Display(private val display: AlphanumericDisplay = AlphanumericDisplay(DISPLAY_I2C_BUS)) {
init { display.setEnabled(true) display.clear() } …}
Creating the Display class
Display.kt
fun displayMessage(message: String) { display.display(message)}
Processing button events
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
val MESSAGES = mapOf( KeyEvent.KEYCODE_A to "AHOY", KeyEvent.KEYCODE_B to "YARR", KeyEvent.KEYCODE_C to "GROG")
Processing button events
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
override fun onKeyUp(keyCode: Int, event: KeyEvent?) = when (keyCode) { in MESSAGES.keys -> { display.displayMessage(MESSAGES[keyCode]!!) true } else -> super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event)}
Creating the Buzzer class
Buzzer.kt
class Buzzer(private val speaker: Speaker = Speaker(SPEAKER_PWM_PIN) { …}
Creating the Buzzer class
Buzzer.kt
fun play(frequency: Double) { speaker.play(frequency)}
fun stop() { speaker.stop()}
Creating the Buzzer class
Buzzer.kt
init { stopRunnable = Runnable { stop() }}
fun play(frequency: Double, duration: Double) { speaker.play(frequency) stopHandler.postDelayed(stopRunnable, duration.toLong())}
Creating the Leds class
Leds.kt
class Leds(peripheralManagerService: PeripheralManagerService = PeripheralManagerService()) { …}
Creating the Leds class
Leds.kt
private val leds: List<Gpio>
init { leds = listOf( openGpio(peripheralManagerService, LED_RED_GPIO_PIN), openGpio(peripheralManagerService, LED_GREEN_GPIO_PIN), openGpio(peripheralManagerService, LED_BLUE_GPIO_PIN))}
Creating the Leds class
Leds.kt
private fun openGpio(service: PeripheralManagerService, pin: String): Gpio { val led = service.openGpio(pin) led.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_LOW) return led}
Creating the Leds class
Leds.kt
fun setLed(led: Int, on: Boolean) = with(leds[led]) { value = on}
fun toggleLed(led: Int) = with(leds[led]) { value = !value}
Integrating Buzzer and Leds
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
private fun playMelodyWithLeds() { playbackRunnable = Runnable { buzzer.play(NOTES[noteIndex].toDouble(), DURATIONS[timeIndex] * 0.8) leds.setLed(Leds.LEDS[ledIndex], on = true) leds.setLed(Leds.LEDS[prevIndex(ledIndex, Leds.LEDS.size)], on = false) if (noteIndex == NOTES.size - 1) { // close } else { playHandler.postDelayed(playbackRunnable, DURATIONS[timeIndex].toLong()) // increment indices } } playHandler.post(playbackRunnable)}
Integrating Buzzer and Leds
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
...
playMelodyWithLeds()}
Closing resources
RainbowHATDemoActivity.kt
override fun onDestroy() { ... arrayOf(leds, buttons, buzzer, display).forEach(Closeable::close) super.onDestroy()}
● Android Things - https://developer.android.com/things/index.html
● Samples - https://developer.android.com/things/sdk/samples.html
● Driver Library - https://github.com/androidthings/contrib-drivers
Where do we go from here?
What will you build?
Thanks!
Egor AndreeviciSoftware Developer at 1&1
@EgorAnd+EgorAndreevichhttps://blog.egorand.me
