Examination of Technologies(Bluetooth, WiFi

&WiMax) related to data streaming and

applying it to perform for the same using

RPC, RMI and various Mobile Agents and

hence comparing different mobile Agent

systems

Mobility has attracted lot of attention in recent years. In this Paper we

have examined different infrastructure base and non-infrastructure

base technologies through which we can transfer Data in different

manner. We compare different technologies on the basis of their data

streaming speed, their types, and their behaviour in different

environment at time of data transfer, including Mobile Agents. Now a

days with increasing popularity for Internet and manage the

performance issues like Data transfer Rate , we are using Mobile

Agent to transfer data on fly .therefore each technology related to

Mobile Agent is Examined and compared with each other so as to

know their own Advantages and Disadvantages and hence applying

them accordingly. Herein we deployed a Mobile Agent using CORBA

and discuss importance and challenges happened during its

deployment.

Introduction

What is Bluetooth, WiFi and WiMAX?Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and WiMAX are wireless technologies which allow devices

to inter-connect and communicate with each other. Radio waves are

electromagnetic waves and have different frequencies. These technologies

are radio frequencies. Similar to the analogue radio, or FM radio. Bluetooth

works on 2.45GHz frequency. WiFi works in two frequency bands 2.4GHz

and 5GHz. WiMAX works in two frequency bands, 2 - 11GHz and 10 -

66GHz.

Wireless Technology Comparison Chart

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data 4

WiMax

Wifi

Bluetooth

For Data 1:-Data Size : 200 kb. Data Transfer Rate using Bluetooth = 0.2 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi-FI = 0.19 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi Max = 0.35 MbpsFor Data 2:-Data Size : 600 kb. Data Transfer Rate using Bluetooth = 0.25 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi-FI = 0.45 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi Max = 0.45 Mbps

CONT……..

For Data 3:-Data Size : 100 Mb. Data Transfer Rate using Bluetooth = 0.13 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi-FI = 0.2 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi Max = 0.4 MbpsFor Data 4:-Data Size : 1 Gb. Data Transfer Rate using Bluetooth = 0.05 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi-FI = 0.28 MbpsData Transfer Rate using Wi Max = 0.5 Mbps

Hence we from the above practical implementation we can conclude that size of can has an important role to play in data streaming

Introdution (conti.) Mobile Ad Hoc :- Stands for "Mobile Ad Hoc Network." A MANET is a type of ad hoc

network that can change locations and configure itself on the fly. Because MANETS are

mobile, they use wireless connections to connect to various networks. This can be a

standard Wi-Fi connection or other media, such as a cellular or satellite transmission.

Some MANETs are restricted to a local area of wireless devices (such as a group of

laptop computers), while others may be connected to the Internet. Some MANETs are

restricted to a local area of wireless devices (such as a group of laptop computers),

while others may be connected to the Internet. For example, A VANET (Vehicular Ad

Hoc Network), is a type of MANET that allows vehicles to communicate with roadside

equipment. While the vehicles may not have a direct Internet connection, the wireless

roadside equipment may be connected to the Internet, allowing data from the vehicles to

be sent over the Internet.

Peer-To-Peer :- Peer-to-Peer system have become a popular medium through which

to share a huge amounts of data. P2P system distributed the main cost of sharing data

space for storing files and bandwidth for storing them across the peers in the network,

thus enabling application to scale without the need for expensive and powerful server.

Their ability to build an extremely resource rich system by aggregating the resource of

large number of independent nodes enables P2P system to draft the capabilities of

many centralizes system for relatively little cost.

Mobile Agent:- Mobile agents are autonomous, intelligent software programs which

meant that they can decide where they will go and what they will do. They can migrate

from host to host in a network, searching for and interacting with services to complete a

specific task, which means that mobile agents are also goal oriented. One of the key

features of the mobile agents is that not only the code is mobile but the state of the

Competing Technologies : Message

Passing Mobile agency faces stiff competition from other technologies that can achieve similar

outcomes, such as message passing or advanced forms of remote procedure calls. Some of the more notable technologies that offer competition to mobile agency are discussed.

Remote Procedure Call : An RPC is analogous to a function call. Like a function call, when an RPC is

made, the calling arguments are passed to the remote procedure and the caller waits for a response to be returned from the remote procedure. Below figure shows the flow of activity that takes place during an RPC call between two networked systems. The client makes a procedure call that sends a request to the server and waits. The thread is blocked from processing until either a reply is received, or it times out. When the request arrives, the server calls a dispatch routine that performs the requested service, and sends the reply to the client. After the RPC call is completed, the client program continues. RPC specifically supports network applications

Competing Technologies : Message

Passing(conti.)

Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

Remote method invocation allows Java developers to write distributed systems that share objects. New objects can be transferred across the network, and RMI is becoming a popular mechanism for agent communication. RMI can be used to facilitate mobile agency (acting as a transport mechanism), or as a replacement that allows agents to invoke methods of other agents. One of the implementations of RMI is JINI .

JINI

Jini (pronounced DJEE-nee like the Arabic word for "magician") is a network architecture concept that Sun Microsystems calls "spontaneous networking." Using Jini, users will be able to plug printers, storage devices, speakers, and any kind of device directly into a network and every other computer, device, and user on the network will know that the new device has been added and is available. Each pluggable device will define itself immediately to a network device registry. When someone wants to use or access the resource, their computer will be able to download the necessary programming from it to communicate with it. No longer will the special device support software known as a device driver needs to be present in an operating system. Jini can be viewed as the next step after the Java programming language toward making a network look like one large computer

What is a mobile agent?

Machine A Machine B

Search

engine

Mobile agent: Agent that

• migrates from machine to machine

• in a heterogeneous network

• at times of its own choosing

In a broad sense, an agent is any program that acts on behalf of a (human) user. A mobile agent then is a program

which represents a user in a computer network, and is capable of migrating autonomously from node to node, to

performs some computation on behalf of the user.

AgentHost A

Host B

Host C

Agent

AgentNetwork

Benefits of Mobile Agent Bandwidth conservation:-The mobile agents can conserve the

bandwidth by migrating itself to the hosts and after all the process is finished it will then return home with the result.

Mobile users & mobile devices users:-benefit of the mobile agent is that even though the remote user loose connection on their end, the mobile agent will still work hard on the hosts’ site to finish the task and will return to the client once the client is connected again.

Reduction of latency:-Communication latency can be greatly reduced. Since agent carries the entire service request with them across the network.

Fault tolerance:-Since the communication between the client and the server is not ongoing. Therefore, the mobile agents are not as susceptible to faults as the traditional client-server architecture

Distributed Heterogeneous computing:-Mobile agents can provide a single, general framework where distributed applications can have loads distributed evenly across the whole information infrastructure

Scalability:-Hosts can be added easily to mobile agents.

Different Mobile Agents Systems

Aglet:-Aglets is a Java based mobile Agent platform and library for building mobile agents based applications, allowing program code to be transported along with state information. Aglets are Java objects that can move from one host on the Internet to another. That is, an aglet that executes on one host can suddenly halt execution, be dispatched to a remote host, and resume execution there. When the aglet moves, it takes along its program code as well as its data.

The Java Aglet API (J-AAPI) is a proposed industry standard for Java- based mobile agents. J-AAPI was developed by a research team at the IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in Japan in response to a call for a uniform platform for mobile agents in heterogeneous environments such as the Internet.

CORBA

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) CORBA is a platform and language independent mechanism for invoking remote object methods. CORBA can be used to create distributed systems that execute on many platforms, in many languages. CORBA holds great potential, because of its portability and flexibility. CORBA is a direct threat to mobile agency, and would allow developers to create agents that are capable of complex communication without ever travelling across a network

Conti…. (CORBA ARCHITECTURE)

Conti.. (Running a Corba Server:waiting for client

.. )

Conti.. (Running a Corba Server:waiting for client

.. )

When the client is running, you will see a response such as the following on your terminal:Obtained a handle on server object: IOR: (binary code)

MyAgent World! MyAgentServer exiting...

Conclusion

Mobile agent technology has been highlighted as a very interesting approach to build applications for mobile environments. However, it is hard to find practical applications with real prototypes and using the available mobile agent platforms. One reason is probably that suchPlatform has been developed with a fixed distributed environment in mind, and not considering the features that may be of special interest in a mobile environment. Mobile agent scales effectively as the size of the data to be obtained increases.

• Advantages

Bandwidth & Performance

Working offline

Monitor or find information

• Disadvantages

Security concerns for both hosts & agents

Tough to Deploy

THANK YOU