Service support technologies 20.9.2016

IN140703 Service support technologies 20.9.2016

Pirita Ihamäki Phd. [email protected]

Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Unit Rauma

mailto:[email protected]

Content• Basics of RFID • RFID • Functional Classification of RFID Tranponders• RFID Generations• Applications and Frequency Selection• Commonly Used Frequency Band for RFID Systems• How does an RFID system work?• RFID business• Active versus passive tags• Active tags• Passive tags• Workshop


Basics of RFID

• RFID = Radiofrequency identification• RFID systems use radio waves• RFID systems have two main elements, which are

the device used to carry this information and the equipment used to automatically capture or retrieve the information.

• The devices that store and carry the information are called trasponders or tags.


RFID


Basics of RFID

• Industry commonly referred to RFID as tags mainly due to their physical shape and the fact that they are mostly used to tag pallets or cases of goods, the name transponder reflects better the function of these devices.

• The device that is used to capture and transfer information is commonly called a reader, because in earlier RFID systems they were only able to read the information sen by the transponders.


Functional Classification of RFID Tranponders

• A functional classification of RFID transponders is based on their electronic product code (EPC) class.

• EPC is the application of specific type of RFID technology within the consumer package goods industry. Within this classification, RFID transponders are divided into different classes and generations.


RFID Generations

• Generation 1., Class 0: Passive tags with read-only functionality. These are also called write one, read many (WORM) transponders. These transponders are programmed at the factory with their unique identification number. The user is not able to change it or include additional information.


RFID Generations

• Generation 1., Class 0+: These are also WORM transponders. They differ from Generation 1, Class 0 transponders in that it is the user who programs them. After they have been programmed by the user, no further programming or changing of data is allowed.


RFID Generations• Generation 1., Class1: These transponders were similar to

Generation 1 Class 0 or =+ transponders, but could be read by interrogators from other companies. Generation 1, Class 1 transponders have evolved into the different transponders from Generation 2.

• Generation 1 transponders employ proprietary data structures and can be read only by interrogators manufactured by the same vendor.

• This means the elimination of duplicate reads within the read range.


RFID Generations

• Generation2, Class 1: These transponders are WORM transponders. They are also programmed at the factory, but they can be read with equipment from different vendors, support the higher rates, and have more noise immunity than the Generation 1 transponders.


RFID Generations

• Generation2, Class 2: These transponders are rewritable transponders. They can be written several times by the user using equipment differently from the vendor’s equipment.

• Generation 2, Class 3: These transponders are the semipassive or battery-assisted transponders.


RFID Generations

• Generation2, Class 4: This refers to active transponders.

• Generation 2, Class 5: These transponders are essentially interrogators. Transponders that follow Generation , Class 5 must be able to do power other transponders.


Applications and Frequency Selection

• RFID systems come in different flavors from the point of view of the frequency they use. Selecting the most adequate frequency is a function of two variables: the technological developments of systems at the different operating frequencies – directly related to the cost of systems – as well as the properties of electromagnetic waves at those different frequencies.


Commonly Used Frequency Band for RFID Systems

Frequency Band Frequency Range Tyoical Frequencies Used in RFID Systems

Low Frequency (LF) 100kHz-500 kHz 125 kHz, 134,2 kHz

High FreQuency (HF) 10 MHz -15 MHz 13,56MHz

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 400 MHz-950mHz 866 Mhz Europe, 915 MHz United States

Microwaves (ųW) 2.4 GHz-6.8 Ghz 2.45 Ghz, 3.0 Ghz


How does an RFID system work?

• The RFID system uses a tag, which is a paper and metallic label, composed of a microchip with a coiled dipolar antenna.

• The label combination may be covered with a plastic protective cover, which can be transparent or not.

• The RFID label or tag is affixed onto a container or package or onto an item, such as a book or CD.


How does an RFID system work?

• Today these RFID tags and bar codes are being used together.

• When you get your luggage tag to the airport, check it out carefully. Actually, the luggage tag will probably have five copies of the bar code on the outside of the luggage tag; if an RFID is also used, there will be one passive RFID tag in the middle of that label.

• It may be a sandwich of two pieces of paper, with the inside filling a passive RFID tag and the outside a standard bar code.


RFID business• RFID business or experiment with this technology it is not that

costly.• The price for a complete kit with a reader, antenna, and sample

tags runs from several hundred dollars.• The RFID technology is more about data, the business process,

and systems thinking than it is about the technology.• Just purchasing the equipment is one small part of a multiple

set of solutions with RFID. The other part of the solution set is to analyze and examine your business process of the manufacturing or movements of goods.


Active versus passive tags• RFID tags are either active or passive.• Active tags have a battery for a source of power to store data

or to transmit a radio signal with the data.• As such, they perform similar to your portable radio and can

be read over a great distance, with a limit of over 100 feet (30 meters).

• Active tags are significantly more costly than passive tags.• The active tag is usually encased in a hard shell for protection,

because these tags are used in rugged environments.


Active tags• Active tags are used usually encased in a hard shell for

protection, because these tags are used in rugged environments. • These active tags are used for a variety of purposes, such as

tracking the time and temperature of fresh Alaskan salmon. The tags are placed in a box an of Salomon that is to be kept at a constant temperature near freezing for the journey from the ship to a carried of transportation systems: a barge, truck or airfreight.

• Other active tags might be attached to boxes of cargo destined for a war zone for the military.


Passive tags• The passive tag needs to be closer to the reader

than the active tag. The passive tag has no battery.• Passive tag very attractive for containers of

products, but not necessarily on each individual item on the container.

• One of the key areas in logistics where active tags are being used is the shipping of cargo entering marine ports.


WORKSHOP

WorkShop• The divided groups of 5 people.• Design system concept of using RFID

technology.• ”The flow of ideas from one field into another

often takes curious and ambivalent paths”.


Results• Groups make presentations and present for

result for other groups.• What kind of systems concepts of using RFID

you have designed?


Thank you for your attention!

Software

Service support technologies 20.9.2016