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V E R Z U SW E L C O M E T O
The Elusive Nature of Context
Gail C. MurphyUniversity of British Columbia
Tasktop Technologies @gail_murphy
A more restrictive license has been chosen given use of licensed images.
2
“the situation in which something happens”
M e r r i a m - W e b s t e r D i c t i o n a r y
Context
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L i m i t e d : w h e r e , w h o a n d w h a t a p p r o a c h t o c o n t ex t
E n h a n ce d : i n t e ra c t i o n t ra ce s ca n ex t e n d u s e o f co n t ex t t o w o r k
F u t u r e : i n t e n t + co n t e n t m a ke s a p p l i ca t i o n s w o r k f o r h u m a n s
The Elusive Nature of Context Take-Aways
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W h e r e Y o u A r e W h o Y o u A r e W i t h W h a t I s N e a r b y
context on mobile is largely about the “where”
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W h e r e Y o u A r e W h o Y o u A r e W i t h W h a t I s N e a r b y
mobile applications that provide “what” are often based on “where”
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W h e r e Y o u A r e W h o Y o u A r e W i t h W h a t I s N e a r b ywhen context is about “who”
it is typically application-based
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Mobile
small steps to increased context between applications within vendor e.g., integration with Messages app in iOS 10
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Desktop
prevalent metaphor is search
working on this talk — search for files — open application — search email for details — find images using search — and so on…
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L i m i t e d : W h e r e , W h o a n d W h a t a p p r o a c h t o c o n t ex t
The Elusive Nature of Context Summary of Today
humans responsible for bulk of context
humans working for applications
shouldn’t this be the other way around?
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Humans work in episodes
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on some other task
24
Humans work in episodes
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on some other task
24
Humans work in episodes
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on some other task
24
Humans work in episodes
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on Elusive Context
talk
working on some other task
25
P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N
Actvities and Task Switches (Session 1)
Time [minutes]
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0 30 60 90 120 150 180
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148 activity switches27 task switches, 4 distinct tasks
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●102 activity switches61 task switches6 distinct tasks
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Dev:VCDev:DebugDev:CodeDev:ReviewDev:TestAppDev:OtherBrowsingRelBrowsingUnrelMeetInformalMeetPlannedEmailPlanningReadWriteDocOther
Software development episodes
[Meyer, Fritz, Murphy, Zimmermann, FSE 2014]
27
Mylyn: leveraging episodic memory
interest based on frecency
result is a task context[Kersten and Murphy, FSE 2006]
31
Mylyn: leveraging episodic memory
field study showed software developers more productive with Mylyn
downloaded 2M times per month
33
P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N
Task-focused UI (with task contexts) for knowledge workers
[Kersten and Murphy, AI Magazine, 2015]
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f i e l d s t u d y l o n g i t u d i n a l s t u d y
8 participants ~10 days use ~3 tasks per day tasks were revisited
75% of participants mixed documents and web pages
high decay (20%) indicates relevance weighing matters
K n ow l e d g e Wo r ke r s
3 participants 300-600 days of use 16-24 tasks per day ~3-4 task revisits per day
decay also shows relevance weighting matters
36
E n h a n ce d : i n t e ra c t i o n t ra ce s ca n ex t e n d u s e o f co n t ex t t o w o r k
The Elusive Nature of Context Summary of Interaction
tasks + interaction leverage episodic
memory
apps are starting to work for humans
38
Mylyn
optimized for individuals can share task contexts
must share same resource structure explicit shared statement of intent
39
Mylyn
optimized for individuals can share task contexts
must share same resource structure explicit shared statement of intent
what if we relax these two constraints?
41
“It is better to fail in originality than
to succeed in imitation.”
H e r m a n M e l v i l l e
DevelopersBusiness Analysts Testers
42
E a c h r o l e … b e n e f i t s f r o m s p e c i f i c a p p l i c a t i o n s
h a s a p a r t i c u l a r p e r s p e c t i v e
P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N
43
R o l e s h a v e t o w o r k t o g e t h e r
P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O Ns h a r e p r o j e c t c o n t ex t
44
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
44
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
44
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
44
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
45
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
45
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
45
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
45
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
45
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Our client has refined how data will be accessed
Communication through shared requirements application
Rich data synchronization
Rich data synchronization
Rich data synchronization
46
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
DevelopersRich data synchronization
Rich data synchronization
Rich data synchronization
46
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Content (data) is transferred Intent (semantics) comes from application
46
Business Analyst
Business Analyst
Tester
Developers
Content (data) is transferredIntent (semantics) comes from application
47
intent is implicit in each application
content is moved between applications
each role has information in context
no more searching emails, finding documents
more time doing what humans are good at
enable increased productivity
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F u t u r e : i n t e n t + co n t e n t m a ke s a p p l i ca t i o n s w o r k f o r h u m a n s
The Elusive Nature of Context Summary of Intent + Content
48
F u t u r e : i n t e n t + co n t e n t m a ke s a p p l i ca t i o n s w o r k f o r h u m a n s
The Elusive Nature of Context Summary of Intent + Content
Intent + Content
48
F u t u r e : i n t e n t + co n t e n t m a ke s a p p l i ca t i o n s w o r k f o r h u m a n s
The Elusive Nature of Context Summary of Intent + Content
Intent + Content
how does context change if intent + content can be recognized, represented and shared?
50
Daniel AlmeidaJohn AnvikDeepak AzadElisa BaniassadAlex BradleyRoberto BittencourtWesley CoehloDavor CubranicBrian de AlwisNeil ErnstMichalis Famelis Sylvie FossThomas FritzJan HannemannLyndon HiewReid HolmesRahul JiresalMik KerstenAlbert LaiGene LeeArthur MarquesShawn MintoEmerson Murphy-Hill Owen OuMarc PalyartSarah RastkarMartin RobillardIzzet SaferNick SawadskyDavid Shepherd Jonathan Stiansen Albert ThompsonApple ViriyakattiyapornGiovanni VivianiRobert WalkerAnnie YingTrevor YoungSedigheh Zolatkaf
Thanks to Tasktoptians, NSERC, IBM,Microsoft, ABB and other funders for making much of the underlying work possible
51
“the situation in which something happens”
M e r r i a m - W e b s t e r D i c t i o n a r y
Context
A lack of context means
53
we (humans) are working for applications instead
of applications working for us
55
L i m i t e d : W h e r e , W h o a n d W h a t a p p r o a c h t o c o n t ex t
E n h a n ce d : I n t e ra c t i o n t ra ce s ca n ex t e n d u s e o f co n t ex t t o w o r k
F u t u r e : I n t e n t + co n t e n t m a ke s a p p l i ca t i o n s w o r k f o r h u m a n s
The Elusive Nature of Context Take-Aways
@ g a i l _ m u r p h y