The ugly, dirty and nasty History of Unix

byHelio Loureiro

● Multics operating system● Developed by Bell Labs and MIT● Time-shared OS● Very, very, very behind the schedule

A long, long, long time ago...

AT&T Telecommunications monopoly in US

Bell Labs were part of AT&T

1970

Created by Dennis Ritchie and Ken ThompsonNot time-shared, but based on single process that controlls preemptionMultics without b*... or EUNICSFirst called as UNICSLater as UNIXWritten in assembly for PDP-7

Hall of fame

SUMMER 1971

1971 Dennis & Ken

as

cal

catchdir

chmod

cmp

chmod

cp

chowndate

dc

du

ed

1973

1973

Write in CWhen I find my code in tons of troubleFriends and colleagues come to me,Speaking words of wisdom:Write in C

As the deadline fast approaches,And bugs are all I can see,Somewhere, someone whispers Write in C

Write in C, write in CWrite in C, write in CLisp is dead and buried,Write in C

Unix became portable with C,

being writted to PDP-11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S1fISh-pag

BSD - Berkeley Software Distribution

● Licensed by AT&T to Berkeley University in 1977

● Development leaded by CSRG

● Improved drivers and services

● Later it was used as base to create Internet stacks, formally IP, TCP/IP.

1980s and UNIX lineage

70

BellLabs

Version4

Version5

Version6

Version7

MERTRT 1.0

1BSD 4.1BSD4.2BSD

32 V

4.3BSDTahoe

4.3BSDReno

Version8

XenixTS 1.0

TS 3.0

SYSIII

SunOS

Minix

SunOS3.5

Version10

SYSV

SCO

8090

SYSVR4

Berkeley wins a tender to integrate Internet Protocol via software

4.3BSD Tahoe Net/1 is released

4.3BSD Reno Net/2 is released later

Berkeley is dragged into a lawsuit by AT&T after Net/2 release due source code release as public.

Companies like Sun were already using this code.

1983 Richard Stallman, after a struggle to get a Xerox

printer to work properly, get a glimpse about freedom and free software.

He writes the GNU MANIFESTO.

Be thankful to your printer. It made GNU project possible.

1991 - Linux arises

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki

Hello everybody out there using minix -

I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things).

I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)

Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

PS. Yes - it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(.

90 and AT&T lawsuit against Berkeley

1993 Berkeley and AT&T reaches a settlement.AT&T code is removed.4.4BSD-Lite is released.

Dr. Dobb's journal starts a serie of articles about how to write a functional BSD system to PC386 machines. Welcome 386BSD, based on 4.4BSD-Lite.

19931991

GNU/Linux distros

FreeBSD & NetBSD

As fork from 386BSD, 2 projects arise:

- FreeBSD (i386)

- NetBSD (multi arch)

NetBSD & OpenBSD

OpenBSD starts in 1995 as fork from NetBSD. Focused on security in multi architecture.

Linux & SCO - previously known as Caldera OpenLinuxIn 2004, Caldera OpenLinux, who acquired SCO UNIX, sues Linux and Linux distribuitions for copyright infrigiment - kernel using parts of its UNIX code

In 2009 Caldera OpenLinux/SCO is terminated by bankruptancy.

They lost the lawsuit against Linux in 2011.