The  19th  century  class-­‐‑based  society

Origins, characteristics and life in the industrial cities

1.  Origins  of  the  class-­‐‑based  society

Class-­‐‑based  society

Industrial  Revolution

French  Revolution

19th  century  liberal  

revolution

2.  Characteristics  of  the  class-­‐‑based  society

Freedom  and  equality  under  

the  law Social  

inequalities

• Social  class  was  determined  by  wealth

Open  

society

Polical  inequalities

• Limited  suffrage  to  male  with  money  until  the  end  of  the  19th  century

Differences  based  on  genre

• Women  were  not  allowed  to  vote  until  the  20th  century

3.  The  social  classes The  Upper  class •  Political  and  economic  elite •  Their  values  and  way  of  life  were  the  ones  to  follow

•  Integrated  by  big  land  owners,  financers,  bank  owners,  factory  owners  and  big  merchants

The  middle  class •  Civil  servants,  lawyers,  doctors •  Small  merchants  and  artisans •  Small  farmers •  Life  conditions  of  their  lowest  members  were  prePy  similar  to  the  working  class  members  one.

The  working  class •  Agricultural  labourers,  domestic  service  and  proletariat  (industrial  working  class)

•  The  proletariat  become  the  most  important  part  of  this  class.

•  The  situation  in  the  first  years  of  the  industrialisation  was  horrible:  low  wages,  no  ending  working  days,  no  holidays,  no  strikes  or  trade  unions,  childhood  work,  etc.

4.  Life  in  the  industrial  cities

•  Urban  population  increased  during  19th  century,  because  of  the  urban  migration.

•  Changes  in  19th  century  cities: 1.  Urban  development:  new  railway  lines  and  stations,  

large  factories  and  more  pollution. 2.  Urban  expansion:  cities  grew  beyond  their  medieval  

centres,  with  new  avenues  and  bigger  streets. 3.  New  residential  areas:  

1.  Middle-­‐‑class  neighbourhoods  with  green  zones,  gas  lightning  and  well  built  houses.

2.  Working-­‐‑class  neighbourhoods  in  marginal  areas,  with  narrow  streets,  no  lightning  or  other  public  services.