Abbasids 1

The Fall of the Umayyadand

The Rise of the Abbasids

• Factors that contributed to the fall of Bani Ummayah :– The Dynasty Concept.– Tribal and National Zealotry. – Political and Military alliances inside the

Government.– Conflicts inside the House of Ummayah– Oppressing the Shia of Ali (ra)– Distraction, by Wealth and Power, from the

real message of the Khilafah.

Revolutions

Harra 63 H

Karbala 61 H

Ibn Zubayr 63-73 H

Al-Ash’ath 81 H

Yazid bin Al-Muhalab 102 H

Abdullah bin Mu’aweyah 127 H

Hims

Sulayman bin Hisham

The Abbasids

Abdu-Manafعبد مناف

Nawfalنوفل

Abdu-Shamsعبد شمس

Hashemهاشم

Al-Mutalibالمطلب

Abdul-Mutalibعبد المطلب

Abudullah ال عبد

Muhammad PBUHصلى ال عليه و سلم(محمد (

Umayyahأمية

Abu Talibأبو طالب

Al-Abbasالعباس


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن

Al-Hussainالحسين

Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Fatima فاطمة


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد

Aliعلي زين العابدين

Muhammadمحمد الباقر

Zaidزيد

Abu-Hashemأبو هاشم


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد



Zaidزيد


Kaysani Shiaالشيعة الكيسانية

Imami Shiaالشيعة المامية


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد



Zaidزيد



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

MuhammadMuhammadمحمد

محمد الباقرZaidزيد




Zaidi Shiaزيديةالشيعة ال



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد




Ja’farجعفر الصا د ق






Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد





Yahyaيحيى





Rise of the Abbasids

• Depended on the Shia principles.

• First revolutions against Umayyah after 100 Hijra were led by Zaid bin Ali bin Al-Hussain and his son Yahya.

• It was not well prepared and was crushed by Bani Umayya.


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد





Yahyaيحيى






Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد





Yahyaيحيى






• Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas started the slow preparation of revolt against the house of Umayya

• Based his callers in Kufa and Khurasan.

• Started the secretive phase in around 100-101 H.


• Events that helped the Abbasids:

– Division inside the House of Umayyah.

– Division amongst Arab tribes in Khurasan and Persia.



– Division inside the House of Umayyah.

Mu'aweyah

Yazid I

Mu'aweyah II

Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr

Abdul-Malik

Alwalid

Sulayman

Umar bin Abdul-Aziz

Yazid II

Hisham

Alwalid II

Yazid III

Marwan bin Muhammad

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Umayyahأمية

Abu Al-’Aasأبو العاص

Harbحرب

Abu-Sufyanأبو سفيان

Mu’aweyahمعاوية

Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد


Muhammadمحمد

Abdul-Azizعبد العزيز

Abdul-Malikعبد الملك

Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد

Sulaymanسليمان

Al-Walidالوليد

Yazidيزيد


11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

Umayyahأمية


Harbحرب



Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد


Muhammadمحمد



Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد



Yazidيزيد


11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

Umayyahأمية


Harbحرب



Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد


Muhammadمحمد



Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد



Yazidيزيد


11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

126 H

Umayyahأمية


Harbحرب



Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد


Muhammadمحمد



Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد



Yazidيزيد


11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

127 H: Yazid dies after 6 months, while Marwan is leading a revolt

Umayyahأمية


Harbحرب



Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد


Muhammadمحمد



Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد



Yazidيزيد


11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

127 H: Marwan becomes the last Khalifah of Umayyah.






Yamani Tribes(Qahtani)

اليمانية القحطانية

Rabi’ahربيعة

Nizari Tribesالنزارية

Mudharمضر





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Asad bin Abdullah Al-Qasri

Governor of Khurasan with majority of Yamanis





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Asad bin Abdullah Al-Qasri

Governor of Khurasan with majority of Yamanis





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar

New Governor of Khurasan Appointed by Hisham bin Abdul-malik





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar

New Governor of Khurasan Appointed by Hisham bin Abdul-malik

Jadi’ bin Shabib Al-Karmani

New Leader of Yamanis





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar

Governor of Khurasan


New Leader of Yamanis

Shayban bin Salamah

Khawarej





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar

Governor of Khurasan (Pro Umayyah)


New Leader of Yamanis (Anti-Umayyah)

Shayban bin Salamah

Khawarej (Anti-Umayyah)





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar



New Leader of Yamanis (Anti-Umayyah)

Shayban bin Salamah

Khawarej (Anti-Umayyah)





Rabi’ahربيعة


Mudharمضر

Nasr bin Sayar


Al-KarmaniLeader of Yamanis (Anti-Umayyah)

Shayban bin SalamahKhawarej (Anti-Umayyah)

Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani أبو مسلم الخراساني

Role of Abu Muslim emerges

Abu Salamah Al-Khalal

أبو سلمة الخلل

Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani

أبو مسلم الخراساني

Al-Karmaniالكرماني

Nasrنصر بن سيار

Shaybanشيبان الحروري








Nasr and Al-Karmani fought in Maru








Abu Muslim advances to Maru

Nasr escapes.








Abu Muslim advances to Maru

Nasr escapes and dies later.







Abu Muslim kills Al-Karmani






Abu Muslim advances to fight Shayban

















Abu Muslim controls Khurasan


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


Zaidزيد



Yahyaيحيى

Muhammad dies





Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد الباقر Zaid

زيد


Ja’farجعفر الصا د ق Yahya

يحيى

Abu Al-Abbasعبد ال أبو العباس

Abu Ja’farعبد ال أبو جعفر

Ibraheemابراهيم

Ibraheem takes over leadership



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


زيد



يحيى




Umayyah discovers who is behind the revolt in Khurasan



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


زيد



يحيى




Ibraheem is killed



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


زيد



يحيى




Leadership goes to Abu Al-Abbas



Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد

Muhammadمحمد


زيد



يحيى




Leadership goes to Abu Al-Abbas






Abu Muslim sends his leaders and they capture Al-Kufa

الحسن بن قحطبة





Abu Al-Abbas is declared Khalifah in Kufa.Rabi I, 132 H

الحسن بن قحطبة

Abu Al-Abbasأبو العباس السفاح



Marwan bin Muhammad moves to fight the revolt.Abdullah bin Ali leads the Abbasi army. 132 H




Marwan bin Muhammad moves to fight the revolt.Abdullah bin Ali leads the Abbasi army. 132 H




Marwan bin Muhammad moves to fight the revolt.Abdullah bin Ali leads the Abbasi army. Battle of Al-Zab132 H




Marwan bin Muhammad escapes.




Marwan bin Muhammad escapes.




Marwan bin Muhammad is killed in Busair.Marks the end of the Umayyads and the beginning of the AbbasidsZi Al-Hijjah 132 HAugust 5, 750 CE

Abu-Alabbas (104-136 H)

• First Abbasi Khalifah (132-136H) (750-754 CE)

• Massacres against Umayyad.

Abu-Ja’far (101-158 H)

• Second Abbasi Khalifah (136-158H) (754-775 CE)

• Real founder of the Abbasid Dynasty.

Abu-Ja’far (101-158 H)

• Second Abbasi Khalifah (136-158H) (754-775 CE)

• Establishing power against revolts;– Abdullah bin Ali– Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani– Muhammad and Ibrahim Revolt.


Nawfalنوفل


Hashemهاشم





Umayyahأمية



Aliعلي

Abdullahعبد ال

Aliعلي

Muhammadمحمد


Zaidزيد


Yahyaيحيى

Zaidزيد

Al-Hasanالحسن

Abdullahعبد ال

Al-Hasanالحسن


Muhammadمحمد النفس الزكية









Al-AbbasAbdullahالعباس

عبد ال

AliMuhammadعلي

محمد

Al-Wathiqالواثق بال

Al-Mahdiمحمد المهدي

Harun Al-Rashidهارون الرشيد

Al-Aminمحمد المين

Al-Hadiموسى الهادي

Al-Mu’tasimالمعتصم بال

Al-Ma’munالمأمون




Spiritual

Abbasids 1