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There is much controversy over which text is the best to use when translating the Bible. Increasingly, recent information favors the textus receptus as the preferred Bible ground text, rather than the critical text which has been popularized over the last 150 years. Here is a brief outline of some of the facts.
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04/12/2023 Text Issues 1
Bible Translation – Text Issues
R. D. PattonMissionary to Suriname
Basic fundamentals for text choice for fundamentalists
The fundamentals of the faith Separation from apostasy Separation for worldliness
04/12/2023 2
Two basic ground texts available
Two philosophies Two groups
One is separated from apostacy One is associated with apostacy
Developed in a time accepting German rationalism & evolution
04/12/2023 3
Two basic questions:
Is the Bible inspired by God? Liberals – no Fundamentalists – yes
Is the Bible preserved throughout history of the church? Liberals no Fundamentalists – some yes, but
some no
04/12/2023 4
In terms of inspiration…
Is it just the ideas – liberals and many fundamentalists
Or are the actual words inspired (verbal plenary inspiration)? Fundamentalists, but not all
04/12/2023 5
What does the Bible say about extent to words being true?
Exodus 20:1.And God spake all these words, saying,...
Proverbs 30:5 Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.
04/12/2023 6
What does the Bible say about extent to words being true?
Luke 21:33. Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
I Thessalonians 4:8.Wherefore comfort one another with these words.
04/12/2023 7
Jesus Himself states that the “jot and tittle” are important:
Mt. 5:[17] Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.[18] For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
This is not merely a preservation of ideas, but the actual words of scripture.
04/12/2023 8
An eclectic text where many words are missing cannot meet the requirements of “every word
Although no doctrine is completely missing, many doctrines are watered-down, especially concerning the deity of Christ.
In the New International Version, for example, there are 45 versus missing, and 147 verses have significant portions of the verses missing.1.” 1.Waite, D.A. Defending the King James Bible.
Bibles for Today. 199204/12/2023 9
Does the Bible say anything about preservation?
Matthew 5:18.For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
Matthew 24:[35] Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.
04/12/2023 10
The Bible & preservation
I Peter 1:23. Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. [24] For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away: [25] But the word of the Lord endureth for ever.
04/12/2023 11
The Bible & preservation
Psalm 119:[89] For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven... [111] Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever: for they are the rejoicing of my heart...
[152] Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast founded them forever.
04/12/2023 12
The Bible & Preservation
Psalm 12:[6] The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.[7] Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.
There is gender dissonance, but the antecedent still goes to “words”
04/12/2023 13
How many Bibles stick with the preserved text
Critical text or eclectic text: 134 complete translations and nearly 300 New Testaments
Textus receptus & masoretic text: 1 – the KJV Bible. Some of the New KJV is from the text as well, but there are some eclectic changes and 100,000 footnotes that are mostly eclectic
04/12/2023 14
Westcott & Hort revised the TR text
D. A. Waite identified 9970 different changes in the words!
2800 words are missing from the TR text
The total change is approximately 7% of the text
04/12/2023 15
Three basic positions on inspiration
The TR/Masoretic text is inspired (and preserved) by God
The eclectic text is to be preferred though no true final text is available
The KJV was re-inspired (with 54 men translating) and actually can correct the Greek text – I would reject this totally04/12/2023 16
Basic positions on preservation
1. There is no verbal preservation in any given text or translation. This is a typical liberal position
2. The text is preserved, but you must study all the texts to find it. Who can find all the texts? Many are
in restricted countries, or perhaps buried yet
04/12/2023 Les 1 Santa Jejej 17
Basic positions on preservation
3. God re-inspired the English text. This is the KJO position which I reject
4. God has preserved the original inspired writings, which are now available in a given Hebrew and Greek text. This is the position I take – and that
God has providentially preserved the texts
04/12/2023 18
The Holy Spirit will guide
John 16:[13] Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come
John 17:[17] Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth;.
04/12/2023 19
God uses believing churches to preserve his Word.
Timothy 3:[15] But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.
04/12/2023 20
The OT scribes took great care to copy accurately
Special skins and ink The scribe must read out loud each
word before writing it They counted the letters, and
which letter was in the midst Any copy with sigificant errors was
destroyed
04/12/2023 21
There were those who deliberately changed the Word
. II Thessalonians 2:[1] Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him,[2] That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.
04/12/2023 22
Falsifying Paul’s letters
People were circulating false letters under the name of Paul. Therefore he would personally sign his letters to show that they were genuine.
II Thessalonians 3:[17] The salutation of Paul with mine own hand, which is the token in every epistle: so I write.
04/12/2023 23
The Bible warned about false teachers
Peter, Paul, John and Jude all warned about false teachers.
God gave the responsibility to the believing churches to sift out false teaching, as the church was the pillar and foundation of the truth.
04/12/2023 24
Older = better???
Thus being older was no guarantee of purity, since there were false teachers and also false books dating back to the time of the apostles themselves.
Plus the best texts were used many times until they were tattered and must be replaced. The bad texts were ignored
04/12/2023 25
The argument from age does not support the critical text
The critical or eclectic text is derived primarily from Vaticanus & Sinaiticus, written about 350 AD
We have received text translations long before that – about 150 AD Peshitta (Syrian) Itala
The Gothic translation is received form, and written in 350 AD
04/12/2023 26
The Alexandrian school – from area of Alexandrian texts
Alexandria was a center of Greek learning, and had a large Jewish population.
Both Gnosticism and Platonism were prevalent.
The Chatechical school was founded by Pantaenus, who was a gnostic
04/12/2023 27
Alexandrian school
The church father Clement became its head, who was also a gnostic.1
In 232A.D., Origen became the head. He believed in infant baptism, Arianism, the veneration of Mary, and allegorical interpretation.
04/12/2023 28
Alexandrian school – Origen
Origen was a Universalist who believe that even demons would be saved. He felt that the Scriptures were of little use without allegorical interpretation.
Eusebius followed, and Constantine ordered 50 Bibles to be made. Possibly Vaticanus & Sinaiticus were among them
04/12/2023 29
1800 years the church used the traditional text
If you believe in divine preservation through the churches, then you either believe that the traditional text is the correct one, or that God allowed the text to disappear for 18 centuries, and to be replaced by ones which were associated with apostates
04/12/2023 30
The Catholic church used the Vulgate
This was a translation by Jerome into Latin which was used for 1000 years
The Greek Orthodox used basically the traditional text
When Erasmus translated from the Greek, he knew about the Vaticanus, but rejected it
04/12/2023 31
John Wycliffe
Translated from the Vulgate into English
He was attacked by the Catholic church, but had several very influential friends who kept him from capture.
He taught the Lollards, and opposed the Catholic doctrine of transsubstantiation…04/12/2023 32
John Wycliffe
He died of a stroke and was buried His works were condemned by the
Catholic church and burned About 40 years later, his body was
exhumed, and the bones burnt and thrown into the River Swift
04/12/2023 33
William Tyndale
Brilliant in many languages Began translating directly from the
Greek and Hebrew into English Excellent translations, which are
the basis for further translations till the KJV
Completed the New Testament and a good part of the O.T.
04/12/2023 34
William Tyndale
His books were burned in England. A friend sold his books to the Bishop who burned them, but the price the Bishop paid allowed them to print many times that number.
He was eventually betrayed by a man he helped – imprisoned for months, and then burned at the stake
04/12/2023 35
William Tyndale
His last prayer: Lord, open the King of England’s eyes. One year later, they printed the Matthew Bible, which was largely Tyndale’s work.
The Coverdale Bible, Matthew’s Bible, the Great Bible, the Geneva Bible, and the King James Version were largely based on Tyndale’s work
04/12/2023 36
Erasmus and the Greek text
Erasmus was the foremost authority in Greek and Latin in his day
He had a friend review Vaticanus, but he rejected it as inferior. Erasmus had access to several other texts
Erasmus never left the Catholic church, but his doctrine came close to that of the anabaptists before death
04/12/2023 37
Erasmus text
Modified by Robert Stephanus and reworked by Theodore Beza
The Beza text is still essentially what we use today.
The believing churches have accepted this as the received text. The Catholics have not…
04/12/2023 38
The time of the eclectic text
German rationalism was prominent, with removal of the supernatural, especially Semler and Griesbach
Evolution was accepted – by Darwin
In England, the Broad Street school of Anglicans was liberal and anti-supernatural04/12/2023 39
Westcott & Hort
Both were Anglican bishops, but of the modernist Broad Church party.
They denied Adam and Eve The virgin birth The resurrection of the body The inspiration of the scriptures
They believed in universalism of a sort04/12/2023 40
Westcott & Hort
They accepted evolution They participated in a number of
different occult groups over a number of years
They were to modernise the KJV but instead they created a new text
They supported a unitarian on their committee04/12/2023 41
Westcott & Hort rules
Shorter is better – assuming scribes add more than forget (but studies have shown the opposite tendency)
More complicated or obscure is better
A teaching divergent from the usual is better
Comment: This is “scientific method”?
04/12/2023 42
Westcott & Hort are obscure
They had “conjectural emendations” – why not just say “educated guess” – probably because then people would understand and object
Their followed by Bruce Metzger, Kurt and Barbara Aland, Carlo Martini (archbishop of Catholic church), and Eugene Nida – most are apostate (except Nida)
04/12/2023 43
A “recension”
Westcott & Hort had a problem with the numerical predominance of the traditional text (99%) They postulated that the churches got together, rejected the Alexandrian text, and made a common traditional (Byzantine) text, which means that the others are mearly copies. Then we will count the whole group as a single copy!
04/12/2023 44
Problems with recension
No historical evidence Then you must postulate a recension of
all church fathers, whose writings also were of the traditional type – including those older than the “so-called” revision
If the churches rejected the Alexandrian type, then they should be considered corrupt
04/12/2023 45
United Bible Societies
Favor eclectic text In favor of Unitarians Accepted by Roman Catholics, and
works with them
04/12/2023 46
We are to content for the faith
Jude 1:[3] Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.
04/12/2023 47
Separate from apostacy
II Cor. 6:[14] Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath right eousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness?[15] And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel?
04/12/2023 48
Separate from apostacy II Cor. 6:[16] And what agreement
hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.[17] Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you.
04/12/2023 49
Separate from apostacy II Cor. 6:[18] And will be a Father
unto you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty.
Psalm 1:1 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.[2] But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night.
04/12/2023 50
Who first questioned God’s words?
Genesis 3:[1] Now the serpent was more subtile than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?
04/12/2023 51
What must we do? Rom. 16:[17] Now I beseech you,
brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them.[18] For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple.
04/12/2023 52