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Carolingian and Ottonian Art
Reading,Stokstad, 438-451.
Range:700-1053 CECarolingian and Ottonian
Terms/Concepts:Carolingian, repousse, scriptorium, orthodoxy,
Monument List Equestrian portrait of Charles the
Bald (grandson of Charlemagne)Ninth century.
Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. Aachen, 792-805.
Saint Matthew. Folio 18. Ebbo Gospels, from Hautevillers. c.816-835.
St. Matthew, Coronation Gospels,Carolingian, Early 9th Century
Doors, commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’s, 1015
The growth of the Islamic world (seventh and eighth centuries) came at the cost of the Byzantine Empire.
In 732, the Franks, under the leadership of Charles Martel, stopped the Muslim invasion at Poitiers.
Poitiers
The grandson of Charles Martel is Charlemagne [Charles the Great], and he ruled 768-814.
Art from Charlemagne’s lifetime and for a while afterwards is known as Carolingian art
The word “Carolingian” comes from “Carolus” (Latin for “Charles”)
Charlemagne established his court (seat of government) in Aachen.
Aachen
Passage between palace and chapel
Plan of Charlemagne’s Palace and Chapel, Aachen, 792-805.
Palace Chapel
Restored plan of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805
Cross-section
Restored plan of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. Aachen. 792-805.
Entrance.
Entrance of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. Aachen. 792-805.
Entrance of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. 792-805. Aachen.
Throne, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen.
Throne, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805.
Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805.
Throne
Throne, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen.
Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805.
Throne
Opposite side, Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805
Altar
Throne
Altar
Dome
Christ
Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. Aachen, 792-805.
Interior of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805.
Throne
Restored plan of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. 792-805. Aachen.
Entrance
Throne
Altar (1st floor)
Christ (dome)
Charlemagne visited Ravenna and took away an equestrian statue of an emperor.
Ravenna
Aachen
Restored plan of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen, 792-805.
Plan of San Vitale. Ravenna, Italy. c.520-547.
Aerial view of San Vitale. c.520-547. Ravenna, Italy.
Clerestory
Reconstructed drawing of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne. Aachen. 792-805.
Clerestory
Saint Matthew. Folio 15. Coronation Gospels, from Aachen. c.800-810.
Saint Matthew. Folio 18. Ebbo Gospels, from Hautevillers. c.816-835.
Saint Matthew. Folio 15. Coronation Gospels, from Aachen. c.800-810.
Saint Matthew. Folio 18. Ebbo Gospels, from Hautevillers. c.816-835.
Angel
St. Matthew Writing His Gospel. Lindisfarne Gospels. From Lindisfarne, England. c.715- 720.
Saint Matthew. Folio 18. Ebbo Gospels, from Hautevillers. c.816-835.
Psalms 43-44. Folio 25. Utrecht Psalter, from Hautevillers. c.825-850.
Saint Matthew. Folio 18. Ebbo Gospels, from Hautevillers. c.816-835.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne)Ninth century.
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. Roman Imperial, Rome, c.176 CE.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne) 9th century.
renovatio imperii Romani
renewal of the Roman empire
Charlemagne visited Ravenna and took away an equestrian statue of an emperor.
Ravenna
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. Roman Imperial, Rome, c.176 CE.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne) 9th century.
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. Roman Imperial, Rome, c.176 CE.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne) 9th century.
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. Roman Imperial, Rome, c.176 CE.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne) 9th century.
Orb of power
Byzantine emperor receiving
orb of power
Archangel Michael, Constantinople, Byzantine, Early sixth century.
Equestrian portrait of Charles the Bald (grandson of Charlemagne) 9th century.
Plaque reads (in Latin): THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS
Crucifixion with angels and mourning figures, front cover of the Lindau Gospels, From Saint Gall, c.870-880
After Charlemagne, his empire split within decades. German-speaking lands were later ruled by three successive emperors, each named Otto.
Ottonian Art
named after the period corresponding to a dynasty begun by
Otto I (ruled 936-973)
Otto II (ruled 973-983)
Otto III (ruled 983-1002)
Saint Michael’s. Hildesheim, Germany. 1001-1031.
New TestamentOld Testament
Doors, commissioned by Bishop Bernward, Abbey Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015
Creation of Eve and Adam
God introduces Eve and Adam to each other
Temptation and Fall
Judgment The Blame Game
(Stokstad 14-24)
Expulsion from Garden of Eden
Struggling against the land(Stokstad 14-24)
Offerings by Abel and Cain
Lamb
Grain
Cain slays Abel
Cain
Cain
Abel
Offerings by Abel and Cain
Lamb
Grain
Cain slays Abel
Cain
Cain
Abel
Rebecca and Eliezer at the well. Folio 7 of the Vienna Genesis. Early 6th century.
Continuous Narrative
Offerings by Abel and Cain
Lamb
Grain
Cain slays Abel
Cain
Cain
AbelThe Parting of the Red Sea (Detail), House Synagogue, Dura Europos, Syria, 244-245.
Hand of God
The Annunciation
Mary Gabriel
Nativity
(Stokstad 14-24)
Adoration of the Magi (Wise Men)
Presentation of Christ in Temple
Old Testament New Testament
Judgment of Christ by Pilate
Crucifixion
(Stokstad 14-24)
Three Marys at the Tomb
Ascension
Gero Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero, Cathedral, Cologne, c.970
INRI (Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum) – This is the King of the Jews
Gero Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero, Cathedral, Cologne, c.970
Gero Crucifix. Cathedral, Cologne, c. 970.
Crucifixion with angels and mourning figures, front cover of the Lindau Gospels. c.870-880.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. How did Charlemagne present himself as a Roman emperor through his religious and political art?