1.ETRUSCANS (800 AND400 B.C.E.)Greatly influenced the Romans.

2. THE ETRUSCANS (800 AND 400B.C.E.) The Etruscans, as everyone knows, were the people who occupied the middle of Italy in early Roman days, and whom the Romans, in their usual neighborly fashion, wiped out entirely. DH Lawrence 3. Etruscans (800 and 4003B.C.E.) Asia Minor (Turkey)and then settled inEtruria. They were the firstcivilized people tosettle in Italy. 4. Economics: farmers and metalworkers (bronze, ironand precious metals),sailors and merchants iron ore deposits"TheOrator" - A second century BCE life-size representation of Aulus Metellus,magistrate and Master of the Etruscan 5. Women equal to Men Social: liberatedwomen Legal status Literacy Owned property 6. Etruscan society Consisted of wealthy overlords who made slavesof conquered people Aristocratic priests who sacrificed prisoners ofwar 7. TRADE Boats - Sea Trade Treaty with Carthage is only surviving treaty, but likelyone of many. Storage 8. ETRUSCAN LIFE ReligionPolytheistic beliefsand ritualisticpractices Belief inpredestination divine will. 9. ETR U S CAN LI F E written language (non Indo- european) funerary inscriptions in tombs or identification of ownership. 10. Lemnos Stele The inscription on the Lemnos Stele, 600 BCE language similar to Etruscan The Etruscans adopted the Greek alphabet. 11. U R BAN I ZAT I O N Engineering, underground water pipes,pressure boxes, floor heating introduced the construction of arch to Italy The Etruscans built Romes first drainage 12. Water Control,created clean water hydraulicscontrolled floodsand helpedagriculture prosperStatuette of a Ploughman from Arezzo, 4th B.C 13. U R BAN I ZAT I O NUse of Local Geology-Etruscans utilized the tufalayer of volcanic rock for bothdrainage and construction.Etrusco-latin cuniculus on the outskirts of 14. Etruscan Art14 A large proportion of Etruscan art did not survive Roman destruction of Etruscan Art 15. ETR U S CAN ART First true mastersof bronze works Praised by Greekand Roman writers,techniquesadopted.http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023712.html 16. ETR U S CAN ART Bronzes The Chimera of ArezzoCapitoline She-wolf5th century B.C.E. Bronze. Roma,Musei Capitolini Head of young Man Cervereri, 3rd Cent BCE 17. ETR U S CAN ART Sculpture Sarcophagusadornment Terracotta sculpturesof gods decoratedtemple roofsArchaic SmileEtruscan Terra Cotta Sarcophagus520 BCE, Italian peninsula 18. Apulu (Apollo), ca. 510500B.C. Painted terracotta , Etruscan Characteristics? Expressive face Gesticulating Energetic Swelling Contours Placed on the peaks of the roof of a temple. 19. Apulu (Apollo) Ca 510-500 BCE Painted terracotta 511 highKroisis, 530 BCE GreekHow is it similar or different from Greek statuary? 20. antefix from thetemple of JunoSospita,Lanuvium (6th -5th Century BCE) 21. 21 Statuette of Haruspex, 4th B.C.. 22. 22Warrior with Villanovan Helmet, 700B.C. Statuettes from Brolio, 590 B.C.Statuettes of Spear-Throwers, .5th B.C. 23. 23 Statuette of a Woman, 2nd B.C. 24. ETR U S CAN ART Frescoes, Decorated walls of tombs. Most of the knowledge of the Etruscans have been found in their burialFishing Scene, chambers.Tomb of Hunting& Fishing,Tarquiniafresco from Tarquinia, Italy. Thisfresco was found on the wall of atomb and dates from c. 465 BC. 25. Frescoes enjoyed sports,religiousceremonies,music andfeasts. 26. Etruscan Tomb paintingscommonly portrayedMen and women beingentertained. 27. Frescoes:open sexuality 28. ETR U S CAN ART Pottery Geometric c.1000 to 700 B.C.E. Orientalization Phase ca. 700 B.C.E. Black and Red Figure Ca. 630-540 B.C.E Bucchero 7th and early 5th century B.C.E. 29. 29 pottery Etruscan - Corinthian Amphora, Decorated With Friezes of Animals by the so-called Painter of the Bearded Sphynx, 7th B.C.Amphora, 600 B.C. 30. 30 Etruscan Kalpis, 6th B.C. 31. 31 Hydria with Europa Riding the Amphora by the so-called Paris Painter, Bull, 6th B.C.6th B.C 32. 32Etruscan Bell-Shaped Cup from Spina, 4thB.C. Hydria from Cerveteri, 550-525 B.C. 33. 33 Askos, 4th B.C. Crater by the so-called Painter of Dawn (from Falerii), 375-350 B.C. . 34. 34 The Charinos Female Head-Shaped Rhython, 490 B.C. 35. 35Canopic Urn, Impasto,7th B.C. Front view. Canopic Urn, Impasto, 7th B.C. Side view. Head from a Canopic Urn, Terracotta, 6th B.C. 36. 36CanopicUrnCanopic Urn, Bronze Ossuary, 7th B.C. Canopic Urn, Terracotta Ossuary, 7th Terracotta Head, 6th B.C. and a Terracotta B.C. Throne. 37. PERFUME BOTTLES IN THE FORM OF ANIMALS 7th - 4th B.C.37 38. 38 39. 39 40. ETR U S CAN ART Jewelry Influences: Greek, Orient, Celtic Amulets, necklaces, mirrors, fibulas 41. Etruscan Metalwork 42. *Fibula withOrientalizing Lions,Gold ; Regolini-GalassiTomb 650-640 BCE Lions from the Orient. Repousse Granulation Ostentatious display of newly acquired wealth 43. AR C HITE CTU RE 44. *Archaic Temple Model 6th Cent BCE as described by Vitruvius How similar to orMaterialsdifferent from Greek Wood,brick,Temple? terra cotta Single staircase 3 cellas Frontal, not Statues on roofsculptural High podium Tuscan columns 45. Etruscan Architecture Walls with protective gates and towers surrounded the cities Arcuated Gateway: Anticipates the Roman use of the round arch 46. Anatomy of the Arch 47. Porta Marzia, Gate of Mars,Perugia, Italy, c. 100 BCE Pilasters:engagedrectangularcolumns triumphalarch 48. THE AFTERLIFETomb sitesare most ofthearcheologicalevidence ofthe cultureCaere orCerveteri 49. THE AFTERLIFE 50. Banditaccia Necropolis, 7th 2nd centuriesBCE Tumulus: burialmounds Limestone tomb:Tufa Covered by anearthen mound Colossal size 51. Similar to Treasuryof Atreus (king ofMycenae) 52. Tomb of theReliefs,Cerveteri, Italy3rd Cent BCE Severalgenerationsof a singlefamily furniture,clothing,pottery,tools, andjewelry 53. THE AFTERLIFE Funerary GamesThe Tomb ofthe Jugglers Tomba DeiGiocolieriend of the 5th or beginning of the 6th 54. THE AFTERLIFE Funerary Games two wrestlers are depicted, possibly part of the funerary games.The Tomb of The AugursTomba Dei Augures Period: 530 - 480 BCE 55. THE AFTERLIFE Funerary games a masked figure a nail on the dogscollar bites into itsneck enraging theanimal attacks 56. Sarcophagus withreclining couple 520BCE painted terra cotta A man and womansharing a recliningcouch Animated upperbodies Gestural Show the equality ofwomen even indeath 57. Sarcophagus withreclining couple520 BCE painted terracotta 58. 60 Sarcophagus of a Couple, 6th B.C. The Girl from Monte Abatone, 6th B.C. (Detail) 59. 61 Banqueter and Vanth, Limestone Cinerary Urn, 400 B.C. 60. 62 Mother and Child from Chianciano, Limestone Cinerary Urn, 400 B.C. 61. 63 Etruscan, early 4th century BCE, Reclining Youth, Cinerary Urn, bronze, length of base 69 cm, height of figure 42 cm, State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. See cinerary urn. 62. 64 Sarcophagus of Larthia Seianti from Chiuisi, 2nd B.C . 63. Death Leaning into the Face of an Old Man, 2nd B.C.65 Votive Statuette of Dionysos Enthroned, 2nd B.C. Votive Figures of Swaddled Babies withBullae, 4th-1st B.C. 64. Etruscan, Lions Head, firsthalf of the 5th centuryBCE, bronze, height 26cm, State HermitageMuseum, St. Petersburg,Russia.CLASSICAL ETRUSCANMythical Animals 65. The Kings twin grandsonsRomulus and Remus wereplaced next to the RiverTiber and left to die. a she-wolf found them andtook care of themRomulus and Remus, added in the 15thcentury, probably by Antonio Pollaiuolo. She-Wolf, 5th B.C 66. Chimera of Arezzo, 325 BCE, 2 7 1/2 bronze, Greek monster Lions head and body, serpents tail, goats head Wounded by Greek hero Bellerophon 67. 70 Mars of Todi, 4th B.C. Statuette of a Striding Hoplite, 450 B.C. . 68. (ARRINGATORE,ORATOR) BRONZE 57HIGH1ST CENT BCE (DURINGROMAN DOMINATION)Etruscan art became RomanartResembles Romanportraits, toga and bootsof a Roman magistrate 69. The Founding of Rome and theMonarchy The Etruscans went on to lay thefoundation of the city of Rome The Romans adopted almost all oftheir superior warfare techniquesincluding weapons and armor designsfrom the Etruscans, using the sametechniques to conquer them in thefourth century B.C.E. Bust of Brutus, 300 B.C. 70. The End.73 Head of a Man from the Votive Deposit of Manganello, Cerveteri, 100 B.C. 71. 75 Sarcophagus of the Married Couple from The Bandataccia Necropolis, Cerveteri, 6th B.C. (Detail) 72. 76 Boy Playing with a Bird, 2nd B.C. 73. 77 Chimera of Arezzo, 4th B.C. 74. 78 Sarcophagus of Velthur Partunus, So- called Magnate, Painted Marble and Limestone, 4th B.C. 75. 79 Goat, 5th B.C. 76. 80 Cinerary Urn of a Woman, Alabaster, 2nd B.C. 77. 81 Statue of a Young Girl, 1st A.D. 78. 82 Funerary Stele from Bologna, Sandstone, 350 B.C. 79. 83 Cinerary Urn of a Woman, Alabaster, 2nd B.C. 80. Relief Urn from Chiusi, 520-50084 B.C. Relief Base of Cippus from Chiusi, with Scene of Women at Home, 475 B.C 81. 85 Cenatur from Vulci, Nenfro, 550 B.C. 82. 86 Statue of a Boy on a Hippocamp from Vulci, Nenfro, 520 B.C. . 83. 87 Sarcophagus of Larthia Seianti from Chiuisi, 2nd B.C 84. Rome88 The Etruscans went on to lay the foundationof the city of Rome 85. 89She-Wolf, 5th B.C. Romulus and Remus, added in the 15th century, probably by Antonio Pollaiuolo. 86. Etruscans responsible for the civilization and foundationof the city of Rome and many other Mediterranean cities. Contributed engineering, technology, and potterytechniques to entire Mediterranean. Learn about them through the impact they had on othersocieties.Nearly the whole of Italy was once under Etruscan Rule. - Cato 2nd Century BCE 87. 91 Etruscan, Lions Head, first half of the 5th century BCE, bronze, height 26 cm, State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. 88. From their beginnings in the area that is nowTuscany, these Etruscans had deep rootedinfluences which survive to this day. Althoughthe Etruscan language is by no means totallydecoded, we now know enough to see thatmany words of Etruscan origin foundthemselves into Latin and from there intoEnglish. For an unknown language, manyEtruscan words look very familiar. 89. Etruscan: (800 and 400B.C.E.) 90. Capitoline Wolf Rome Italy 500-480 BCE(Remus and Romulus added during the Renaissance by Pollaiuolo) 271/2 high, hollow cast bronze Famous symbol of Rome Boys were sons of Mars and mortal woman Abandoned Later founded the city of Rome in 753 Vitality- ferocious wolf contrast with motherhood 91. predestination95 Although a postponement is sometimespossible by means of prayer and sacrifice,the end is certain. 92. Etruscan religion96 the destiny of man was completely determined by the unpredictability of the many deities 93. AR C HITE CTU RE Etruscan architecture looked quite different from the familiar stone temples and gleaming marble statuary of Greek architecture.