Grego bíblico curso de

Overheads

to

The Basics of Biblical Greek

By

Dr. William D. Mounce

© 1993-1999 All Rights Reserved

Preface

Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheadswill help all students.

We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at [email protected].

Teachers using The Basics of Biblical Greek may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.

First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993

Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999

page 2

Chapter 3 page 1

Chapter 3

Alphabet (#3.3.2)

a b g d z h q i

l m n x

p r s "

u f c y

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce

Chapter 3 page 2

Vowels (#3.4)

a e hoi

uw


Chapter 3 page 3

Breathings (####3.4-5)

1. ajpovstolo"

2. uJpevr

3. rJuvomai

4. aijtevw

5. Aijtevw

6. ∆Ihsou'"


Chapter 3 page 4

Diphthong (#3.5)


Chapter 4 page 1

Chapter 4

Accents (#4.2)

Acute: uJpevr

Grave: uJpe;r

Circumßex: pneu'ma


Chapter 4 page 2

Co-Elision (#4.2)


Chapter 4 page 3

Vocabulary

5,437 different words

138,162 total occurrences

79.92 % of all occurrences

Words occurring 50 times and more accountfor 110,425 of the total word occurrences, oralmost 80%.


Chapter 4 page 4

Nominative and Genitive Paradigm

2 1 2masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgonw{ra

acc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgonw{ran

nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|rai

acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"


Chapter 5 page 1


Chapter 5

Terminology

(

#

5.3-5)

Case:

Nominative (subject)

Accusative (direct object)

Number:

Singular

Plural

Gender:

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Chapter 6 page 1

Chapter 6

Nominative and Accusative (#6.3)

ÒThe apostle sends the apostle.Ó

" nominative subject

n accusative direct object

oJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon.


Chapter 6 page 2

From Case to Function to Meaning

1. Case

2. Function

3. Meaning

your translation

nominative

subject predicatenominative

Instead of thinking about word order, you should Þrst look at the wordÕs case, fromthe case determine the wordÕs function, and from the function determine the wordÕsmeaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.


Chapter 6 page 3

Parsing Made Simple

Step #1: Case ending

Step #2: Declension

Step #3: Gender

Step #4: Parsing

- nom sing femi 1st nom plural femn 1st acc sing fem 2nd masc acc sing masc neut nom/acc sing

The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes youcan see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you canskip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found severalplaces, but if it is a Þrst declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires youto move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.


Chapter 6 page 4

Paradigm (#6.13,15)

2 1 2masc fem neut

nom sg " - n

acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a

acc pl u" " a

2 1 2masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon

w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon

w{ran




Chapter 6 page 5

Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)

2 1 2masc fem neut

nom sg o" h on

acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a

acc pl ou" a" a

2 1 2masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon

w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon

w{ran



For teachers preferring to show the Þnal stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-eral alternate paradigms.


Chapter 6 page 6

Nouns Rules 1-3 (####6.20)

a/h à 1st declension

neuter nom = neuter acc

neuter nom/acc plural = a


Chapter 6 page 7

Noun Rule ####2


Chapter 6 page 8

The Fog

The only way is through!


Chapter 6 page 9

Nominative and Accusative

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg " - n

acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a

acc pl u" " a

nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon

hJ w{ra

acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon

th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga

aiJ w|rai

acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga

ta;" w{ra"


Chapter 6 page 10

Nominative and Accusative(alternate)

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg o" h on

acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a

acc pl ou" a" a

nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon

hJ w{ra


th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga

aiJ w|rai


ta;" w{ra"


Chapter 7 page 1

Chapter 7

Indirect vs. Direct Object (#7.2)

Karin threw Brad a ball.

Karin threw Brad .


Chapter 7 page 2

Case Endings

(First and Second Declension)

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg " - n

gen sg u " u

dat sg i i i

acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a

gen pl wn wn wn

dat pl i" i" i"

acc pl u" " a


Chapter 7 page 3

Case Endings (#7.6)

(First and Second Declension)

(alternate)

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg o" h on

gen sg ou h" ou

dat sg w/ h/ w/

acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a

gen pl wn wn wn

dat pl oi" ai" oi"

acc pl ou" a" a


Chapter 7 page 4

DeÞnite Article (#7.7)

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg oJ hJ tov

gen sg tou' th'" tou'

dat sg tw/' th/' tw/'

acc sg tovn thvn tov

nom pl oiJ aiJ tav

gen pl tw'n tw'n tw'n

dat pl toi'" tai'" toi'"

acc pl touv" tav" tav


Chapter 7 page 5

Full Paradigm (#7.8)2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafh to; e[rgon

hJ w{ra

gen sg tou' lovgou th'" grafh'" tou' e[rgou

th'" w{ra"

dat sg tw'/ lovgw/ th'/ grafh'/ tw'/ e[rgw/

th'/ w{ra/


th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ lovgoi aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga

gen pl tw'n lovgwn tw'n grafw'n tw'n e[rgwn

dat pl toi'" lovgoi" tai'" grafai'" toi'" e[rgoi"



Chapter 7 page 6

Noun Rules 4-6 (#7.10)

Dative singular? Iota subscripts (if possible)

Ablaut

Genitive & Dative? Masculine = neuter


Chapter 7 page 7

Noun Rule ####6 (#7.10)


Chapter 8 page 1

Chapter 8

A Preposition and its Object (#8.2)

The object follows its preposition.The object governs the meaning of the preposition.

Object

Preposition


Chapter 8 page 2

Movable Nu (#8.10)


Chapter 8 page 3

Dependent Clauses (#8.11)

SubjectMain Verb


Chapter 8 page 4

Prepositions

uJpov

ejk

diav

ajpovprov"

eij"pa

ravv

ejn


Chapter 9 page 1

Chapter 9

Functions of an Adjective (#9.1)

ÒGoodÓ

Adjectivally Substantivally(regular adjective) (noun)

ÒHe is a good boy.Ó ÒThe good, the bad, and the ugly are welcome here.Ó


Chapter 9 page 2

Types of Adjectives (#9.2)

ÒTallÓ

Attributive Predicate(gives an attribute) (predicates)

ÒThe girl is tall.ÓÒThe tall girl plays basketball.Ó


Chapter 9 page 3

Adjectival Use of the Adjective (#9.11-13)

Attributive: immediately preceded by thearticle.oJ ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.ÓoJ ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.Ó

Predicate: not preceded by the article.oJ a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov" ÒThe man is good.Óajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe man is good.Ó

No article: see contextajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó

ÒMan is good.Óajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó

ÒMan is good.Ó


Chapter 9 page 4

Adjective (#9.6)

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg ajgaqov" ajgaqhv ajgaqovn

gen sg ajgaqou' ajgaqh'" ajgaqou'

dat sg ajgaqw/' ajgaqh/' ajgaqw/'

acc sg ajgaqovn ajgaqhvn ajgaqovn

nom pl ajgaqoiv ajgaqaiv ajgaqav

gen pl ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n

dat pl ajgaqoi'" ajgaqai'" ajgaqoi'"

acc pl ajgaqouv" ajgaqav" ajgaqav


Chapter 9 page 5

Adjective Positions (#9.11-13)


Chapter 10 page 1

Chapter 10

A Walk Through (#10.7)

nom sg sark + " ≥ savrx

gen sg sark + o" ≥ sarkov"

dat sg sark + i ≥ sarki√

acc sg sark + a ≥ savrka

nom pl sark + e" ≥ savrke"

gen pl sark + wn ≥ sarkw'n

dat pl sark + si(n) ≥ sarxi√(n)

acc pl sark + a" ≥ savrka"


Chapter 10 page 2

Master Case Ending Chart (#10.10)

1st/2nd declension 3rd declension

masc fem neut masc/fem

neut

nom sg " - n " -

gen sg u " u o" o"

dat sg i i i i i

acc sg n n n a/n -

nom pl i i a e" a

gen pl wn wn wn wn wn

dat pl i" i" i" si(n) si(n)

acc pl u" " a a" a


Chapter 10 page 3

Rule 7: Square of Stops (#10.13, 16)

Labial p b fVelar k g cDental t d q

Labial + s ≥ y

Velar + s ≥ x

Dental + s ≥ s


Chapter 10 page 4

Rule 8 (#10.18)

A tau cannot stand at the end of

a word and will drop off.

o[noma t


Chapter 10 page 5

Please!

No More Quizzes!


Chapter 11 page 1


Chapter 11

First and Second Person

Personal Pronouns (#11.6)

Þrst second translation

nom sg ejgwv suv I you

gen sg mou sou my your

dat sg moi soi to me to you

acc sg me se me you

nom pl hJmeiæ" uJmeiæ" we you

gen pl hJmw'n uJmw'n our your

dat pl hJmiæn uJmiæn us you

acc pl hJma'" uJma'" us you

Chapter 12 page 1

Chapter 12

Third Person Personal Pronoun (#12.3)

2 1 2

masc fem neut translation

nom sg aujtov" aujthv aujtov he she it

gen sg aujtou' aujth'" aujtou' his her its

dat sg aujtw/' aujth/' aujtw/' to him to her to it

acc sg aujtovn aujthvn aujtov him her it

nom pl aujtoiv aujtaiv aujtav they

gen pl aujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'n their

dat pl aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'" to them

acc pl aujtouv" aujtav" aujtav them


Chapter 12 page 2

Three Uses of aujtov" (#12.12)

use comment translation

1. Pronoun Non-intensive. Òhe, she , itÓ

2. Adj. intensive Usually predicate position. Òhim/her/itselfÓNormally in the nominative.

3. Identical adj. Usually attributive position. ÒsameÓ

1. aujto;" levgei ...

2. to;n ∆Ihsou'n aujtovn∆Ihsou'" aujtov" ....

3. oJ aujto;" ∆Ihsou'" ...


Chapter 13 page 1

Chapter 13

ou|to" (#13.4)

masc fem neut

nom sg ou|to" au{th tou'to

gen sg touvtou tauvth" touvtou

dat sg touvtw/ tauvth/ touvtw/

acc sg tou'ton tauvthn tou'to

nom pl ou|toi au|tai tau'ta

gen pl touvtwn touvtwn touvtwn

dat pl touvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"

acc pl touvtou" tauvta" tau'ta


Chapter 13 page 2

eeeej jjjkkkkeeeeiiiiæ ææænnnnoooo"""" (#13.5)

masc fem neut

nom sg ejkeiæno" ejkei√nh ejkeiæno

gen sg ejkei√nou ejkei√nh" ejkei√nou

dat sg ejkei√nw/ ejkei√nh/ ejkei√nw/

acc sg ejkeiænon ejkei√nhn ejkeiæno

nom pl ejkeiænoi ejkeiænai ejkeiæna

gen pl ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn

dat pl ejkei√noi" ejkei√nai" ejkei√noi"

acc pl ejkei√nou" ejkei√na" ejkeiæna


Chapter 14 page 1


Chapter 14

Relative Pronoun (#14.7)

2 1 2

masc fem neut translation

nom sg o{" h{ o{ who/which/that

gen sg ou| h|" ou| of whom/which

dat sg w/| h/| w/| to whom/which

acc sg o{n h{n o{ whom/which/that

nom pl oi{ ai{ a{ who/which/that

gen pl w|n w|n w|n of whom/which

dat pl oi|" ai|" oi|" to whom/which

acc pl ou{" a{" a{ whom/which/that

Chapter 15 page 1

Chapter 15

Agreement (#15.3) Subject and verb must ÒagreeÓ in person and number.

Person (#15.4) First: ÒIÓ, ÒWeÓ

Second: ÒYouÓ

Third: ÒHe/She/It, They

Number (#15.5) Singular

Plural


Chapter 15 page 2

Aspect (#15.6-7) Continuous

UndeÞned

Perfect

UndeÞned vs. Punctiliar

Tense (#15.11) Present

Future

Past

Time (#15.11)

Voice (#15.12) Active

Middle

Passive

Mood (#15.13) Indicative


Chapter 15 page 3

Parts of the Verb (#15.16-18)

luv o men

Stem (#15.16)

Personal ending (#15.18)

Connecting vowel (#15.17)


Chapter 16 page 1

Chapter 16

Present Active Indicative (#16.3,10)

Present Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Primary Active Personal Endings

lu + o + men ≥ luvomen

form translation c.v. p.e.

1 sg luv w I am loosing o -

2 sg luv ei" You are loosing e "

3 sg luv ei He/she/it is loosing e i

1 pl luv omen We are loosing o men

2 pl luv ete You are loosing e te

3 pl luv ousi(n) They are loosing o nsi


Chapter 16 page 2

First of Four Endings (#16.12)

luvw (-)

luvei" (")

luvei (i)

luvomen (men)

luvete (te)

luvousi(n) (nsi)

secondary tenses

acti

ve v

oice

mid

dle/

pass

ive

voic

e

primary tenses


Chapter 16 page 3

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw


Chapter 16 page 4

Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?

Hang In There!

DANGER!

Greek Quicksand


Chapter 17 page 1

Chapter 17

Five Rules of Contraction (#17.4)

1. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo.

2. ei is formed by ee.

3. w is formed from almost any combination of omicron or omega with any other vowel, except for rule #1.

4. a is formed from ae

5. h is formed from ea.


Chapter 17 page 2

Alternate Rules of Contraction (####17.8)

1. Two like vowels form their common longvowel.

2. Exception: When e and e contract theyform ei, and when o and o contract theyform ou.

3. An o or w will overcome an a, e, or hregardless of their order, and form w.

4. Exception: When an e and o contractthey form ou, regardless of their order.

5. If an a comes before an e or an h, theywill contract to an a.

If an e or an h comes before an a, theywill contract to an h.


Chapter 17 page 3

Contractions (#17.10-11)

aaaa eeee hhhh iiii uuuu oooo wwww

aaaa a a a ai au w w

eeee h eeeeiiii h ei eu oooouuuu w

oooo w oooouuuu w oi ou oooouuuu w

aaaaiiii/aaaa//// eeeeiiii eeeeiiii hhhh//// ooooiiii oooouuuu wwww////

aaaa a/ a/ a a/ w/ w w/

eeee h/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/

oooo w/ oi ou oi oi ou w


Chapter 18 page 1

Chapter 18

Present Passive Indicative (#18.4)


Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

lu + o + mai ≥ luvomai


1 sg luv o mai I am being loosed o mai

2 sg luv h/ You are being loosed e sai

3 sg luv e tai He/she/it is being loosed e tai

1 pl lu ov meqa We are being loosed o meqa

2 pl luv e sqe You are being loosed e sqe

3 pl luv o ntai They are being loosed o ntai


Chapter 18 page 2

Second of Four Endings (#18.6)

luvw (-)

luvei" (")

luvei (i)

luvomen (men)

luvete (te)

luvousi(n) (nsi)

secondary tenses

acti

ve v

oice

luvomai (mai)

luvh/ (sai)

luvetai (tai)

luovmeqa (meqa)

luvesqe (sqe)

luvontai (ntai)

mid

dle/

pass

ive

voic

e

primary tenses


Chapter 18 page 3

Present Middle Indicative (#18.10-11)


Connecting Vowel +


erc + o + mai ≥ e[rcomai

form deÞnition c.v. p.e.

1 sg e[rc o mai I come o mai

2 sg e[rc h/ You come e sai

3 sg e[rc e tai He/she/it come e tai

1 pl ejrc ov meqa We come o meqa

2 pl e[rc e sqe You come e sqe

3 pl e[rc o ntai They come o ntai


Chapter 18 page 4

Master Verb Chart



Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai


Chapter 19 page 1

Chapter 19

Future Active Indicative (#19.4,9)

Future Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +


lu + s + o + men ≥ luvsomen

form deÞnition c.v. p.e.

1 sg luv s w I will loose o -

2 sg luv s ei" You will loose e "

3 sg luv s ei He/she/it will loose e i

1 pl luv s omen We will loose o men

2 pl luv s ete You will loose e te

3 pl luv o usi(n) They will loose o nsi


Chapter 19 page 2

Future Middle Indicative (#19.14,15)


Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +


poreu + s + o + mai ≥ poreuvsomai


1 sg poreuv s o mai I will go o mai

2 sg poreuv s h/ You will go e sai

3 sg poreuv s e tai He/she/it will go e tai

1 pl poreu s ov meqa We will go o meqa

2 pl poreuv s e sqe You will go e sqe

3 pl poreuv s o ntai They will go o ntai


Chapter 19 page 3

Master Verb Chart




Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai


Chapter 20 page 1

Chapter 20

Verbal Root and Stem (#20.2-3)

Verbal RootPr

esen

t ste

m

Futu

re s

tem

Imp

erfe

ct s

tem

Aor

ist s

tem

Perf

ect s

tem


Chapter 20 page 2

Liquid Future Active (#20.16-17)


Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +


krin + es + o + men ≥ krinou'men

form translation

1 sg krinw' I will judge eso -

2 sg krineiæ" You will judge ese "

3 sg krineiæ He/she/it will judge ese i

1 pl krinou'men We will judge eso men

2 pl krineiæte You will judge ese te

3 pl krinou'si(n) They will judge eso nsi


Chapter 20 page 3

Liquid Future Middle (#20.18-19)


Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +


krin + es + o + meqa ≥ krinouvmeqa

form translation

1 sg krinou'mai I will judge eso mai

2 sg krinh'/ You will judge ese sai

3 sg krineiætai He/she/it will judge ese tai

1 pl krinouvmeqa We will judge eso meqa

2 pl krineiæsqe You will judge ese sqe

3 pl krinou'ntai They will judge eso ntai


Chapter 20 page 4

Master Verb Chart





Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'



Chapter 21 page 1

Chapter 21

Imperfect Active (#21.6-7)

Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + lu + o + men ≥ ejluvomen


1 sg e[ lu o n I was loosing o n

2 sg e[ lu e " You were loosing e "

3 sg e[ lu e(n) He/she/it was loosing e -(n)

1 pl ej luv o menWe were loosing o men

2 pl ej luv e te You were loosing e te

3 pl e[ lu o n They were loosing o n


Chapter 21 page 2

Imperfect Middle/Passive (#21.8-9)

Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Passive Personal Endings

ej + lu + o + mhn ≥ ejluvomhn


1 sg ej lu ov mhn I was being loosing o mhn

2 sg ej luv o u You were loosing e so

3 sg ej luv e to He/she/it was loosing e to

1 pl ej lu ov meqa We were loosing omeqa

2 pl ej luv e sqe You were loosing e sqe


Chapter 21 page 3

Final Four Endings (#21.14)

luvw (-)

luvei" (")

luvei (i)

luvomen (men)

luvete (te)

luvousi(n) (nsi)

secondary tenses

acti

ve v

oice

luvomai (mai)

luvh/ (sai)

luvetai (tai)

luovmeqa (meqa)

luvesqe (sqe)

luvontai (ntai)

mid

dle/

pass

ive

voic

e

e[luon (n)

e[lue" (")

e[lue(n) (-)

ejluvomen (men)

ejluvete (te)

e[luon (n)

primary tenses

ejluvomhn (mhn)

ejluvou (so)

ejluveto (to)

ejluovmeqa (meqa)

ejluvesqe (sqe)

ejluvonto (nto)


Chapter 21 page 4

Master Verb Chart




Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn





Chapter 22 page 1

Chapter 22

Second Aorist Active (#22.4)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +


ej + lab + o + men ≥ ejlavbomen


1 sg e[ lab o n I took o n

2 sg e[ lab e " You took e "

3 sg e[ lab e(n) He/she/it took e -(n)

1 pl ej lavb o men We took o men

2 pl ej lavb e te You took e te

3 pl e[ lab o n They took o n


Chapter 22 page 2

Second Aorist Middle (#22.13)


Connecting Vowel +


ej + gen + o + mhn ≥ ejgenovmhn


1 sg ej gen ov mhn I became o mhn

2 sg ej gevn o u You became e so

3 sg ej gevn e to He/she/it became e to

1 pl ej gen ov meqa We became o meqa

2 pl ej gevn e sqe You became e sqe

3 pl ej gevn o nto They became o nto


Chapter 22 page 3

Master Verb Chart









2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon

2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn


Chapter 23 page 1

Chapter 23

First Aorist Active (#23.3)


Tense Formative (sa) +


ej + lu + sa + men ≥ ejluvsamen

form translation t.f. p.e.

1 sg e[ lu sa I loosed sa -

2 sg e[ lu sa " You loosed sa "

3 sg e[ lu se(n) He/she/it loosed se -(n)

1 pl ej luv sa men We loosed sa men

2 pl ej luv sa te You loosed sa te

3 pl e[ lu sa n They loosed sa n


Chapter 23 page 2

Liquid Aorists (#23.12-13)


Tense Formative (a) +


ej + mein + a + men ≥ ejmei√namen


1 sg e[ mein a I remained a -

2 sg e[ mein a " You remained a "

3 sg e[ mein e (n) He/she/it remained e -(n)

1 pl ej mei√n a men We remained a men

2 pl ej mei√n a te You remained a te

3 pl e[ mein a n They remained a n


Chapter 23 page 3

First Aorist Middle (#23.15-16)




ej + lu + sa + mhn ≥ ejlusavmhn


1 sg ej lu sav mhn I loosed sa mhn

2 sg ej luv s w You loosed sa so

3 sg ej luv sa to He/she/it loosed sa to

1 pl ej lu sav meqa We loosed sa meqa

2 pl ej luv sa sqe You loosed sa sqe

3 pl ej luv sa nto They loosed sa nto


Chapter 23 page 4

Master Verb Chart









1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa

Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina


1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn



Chapter 24 page 1

Chapter 24

First Aorist Passive (#24.3)

Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (qh) +


ej + lu + qh + n ≥ ejluvqhn


1 sg ej luv qh n I was loosed qh n

2 sg ej luv qh " You were loosed qh "

3 sg ej luv qh He/she/it was loosedqh -

1 pl ej luv qh men We were loosed qh men

2 pl ej luv qh te You were loosed qh te

3 pl ej lu qh san They were loosed qh san


Chapter 24 page 2

Second Aorist Passive (#24.10)

Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (h) +


ej + graf + h + men ≥ ejgravfhmen


1 sg ej gravf h n I was written h mhn

2 sg ej gravf h " You were written h so

3 sg ej gravf h He/she/it was writtenh to

1 pl ej gravf h men We were written h meqa

2 pl ej gravf h te You were written h sqe

3 pl ej gravf h san They were written h nto


Chapter 24 page 3

First Future Passive (#24.12)

Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +

Tense Formative (qhs) + Connecting Vowel +


lu + qhs + o + mai ≥ luqhvsomai

form translation t.f.+c.v. p.e.

1 sg lu qhvs o mai I will be loosed qhso mai

2 sg lu qhvs h/ You will be loosed qhse sai

3 sg lu qhvs e tai He/she/it will be loosed qhse tai

1 pl lu qhs ov meqaWe will be loosed qhso meqa

2 pl lu qhvs esqe You will be loosed qhse sqe

3 pl lu qhvs o ntaiThey will be loosed qhso ntai


Chapter 24 page 4

Second Future Passive (#24.15)

Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +

Tense Formative (hs) + Connecting Vowel +


ajpostal + hs + o + mai ≥ ajpostalhvsomai

form translation p.e.

1 sg ajpostal hvs o mai I will be sent mai

2 sg ajpostal hvs h/ You will be sent sai

3 sg ajpostal hvs e tai He/she/it will be sent tai

1 pl ajpostal hs ov meqa We were written meqa

2 pl ajpostal hvs e sqe You were written sqe

3 pl ajpostal hvs o ntai They were written ntai


Chapter 24 page 5

Master Verb Chart









1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai

2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai






1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn

2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn


Chapter 25 page 1

Chapter 25

Perfect Active (#25.4)

Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (ka) +


l + e + lu + ka + men ≥ leluvkamen


1 sg lev lu ka I have loosed ka -

2 sg lev lu ka " You have loosed ka "

3 sg lev lu ke (n) He/she/it have loosed ke -(n)

1 pl le luv ka men We have loosed ka men

2 pl le luv ka te You have loosed ka te

3 pl le luv ka si(n) They have loosed ka si(n)


Chapter 25 page 2

Perfect (Middle/Passive) (#25.5)

Reduplication +

Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +


l + e + lu + mai ≥ levlumai

form translation p.e.

1 sg lev lu mai I have been loosed mai

2 sg lev lu sai You have been loosed sai

3 sg lev lu tai He/she/it have been loosed tai

1 pl le luv meqa We have been loosed meqa

2 pl lev lu sqe You have been loosed sqe

3 pl lev lu ntai They have been loosed ntai


Chapter 25 page 3

Reduplication of Stops (#25.6)

p b f ≥ pek g c ≥ ket d q ≥ te


Chapter 25 page 4

Master Verb Chart (#25.19)









1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai

2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai






1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn

2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn

1st perfect act le perf act ka prim act levluka

2nd perfect act le perf act a prim act gevgona

Perfect mid/pas le perf pas prim mid/pas levlumai


Chapter 26 page 1

Chapter 26

Participles

Verbal Adjective

Tense: present; aorist; perfectVoice: active; middle; passiveVerbal modifiers

Case: nom; gen; dat; accNumber: singular; pluralGender: masc; fem; neut


Chapter 26 page 2

Your Guess

luouvsh/

lusavntwn

lelukovto"


Chapter 27 page 1

Chapter 27

Summary of Participles (#27.1,3)

Guidelines for Present Adverbial1. Present tense verbal stem2. Continuous action3. Related to verb (ÒwhileÓ + ÒingÓ)

Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt

mid/pas meno menh meno


Chapter 27 page 2

Present (Continuous) Active (#27.5)


Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lu + o + meno + " ≥ luovmeno"

3 1 3

masc fem neut

nom sg luvwn luvousa lu'on

gen sg luvonto" luouvsh" luvonto"

dat sg luvonti luouvsh/ luvonti

acc sg luvonta luvousan lu'on

nom pl luvonte" luvousai luvonta

gen pl luovntwn luousw'n luovntwn

dat pl luvousi(n) luouvsai" luvousi(n)

acc pl luvonta" luouvsa" luvonta

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt



Chapter 27 page 3

Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (#27.7)



pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"

2 1 2

masc fem neut

nom sg luovmeno" luomevnh luovmenon

gen sg luomevnou luomevnh" luomevnou

dat sg luomevnw/ luomevnh/ luomevnw/

acc sg luovmenon luomevnhn luovmenon

nom pl luovmenoi luovmenai luovmena

gen pl luomevnwn luomevnwn luomevnwn

dat pl luomevnoi" luomevnai" luomevnoi"

acc pl luomevnou" luomevna" luovmena

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt



Chapter 27 page 4

Forms You Should Know

Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"

Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou

Participle Morphemes

nt (active)

meno/h (middle/passive)


Chapter 28 page 1

Chapter 28

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.7-8)

Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +



lu + sa + nt + o" ≥ luvsanto"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg luvsa" luvsasa lu'san

gen sg luvsanto" lusavsh" luvsanto"

dat sg luvsanti lusavsh/ luvsanti

acc sg luvsanta luvsasan lu'san

nom pl luvsante" luvsasai luvsanta

gen pl lusavntwn lusasw'n lusavntwn

dat pl luvsasi(n) lusavsai" luvsasi(n)

acc pl luvsanta" lusavsa" luvsanta

masc fem neut

nom sg sa" sasa san

gen sg santo" sash" santo"


Chapter 28 page 2

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.9)

Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +



lu + sa + meno + " ≥ lusavmeno"

2 1 2

masc fem neuter

nom sg lusavmeno" lusamevnh lusavmenon

gen sg lusamevnou lusamevnh" lusamevnou

dat sg lusamevnw/ lusamevnh/ lusamevnw/

acc sg lusavmenon lusamevnhn lusavmenon

nom pl lusavmenoi lusavmenai lusavmena

gen pl lusamevnwn lusamevnwn lusamevnwn

dat pl lusamevnoi" lusamevnai" lusamevnoi"

acc pl lusamevnou" lusamevna" lusavmena

masc fem neut

nom sg sameno" samenh samenon

gen sg samenou samenh" samenou


Chapter 28 page 3

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.10)

Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (qh) +


lu + qe + nt + o" ≥ luqevnto"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg luqei√" luqei'sa luqevn

gen sg luqevnto" luqei√sh" luqevnto"

dat sg luqevnti luqei√sh/ luqevnti

acc sg luqevnta luqei'san luqevn

nom pl luqevnte" luqei'sai luqevnta

gen pl luqevntwn luqeisw'n luqevntwn

dat pl luqei'si(n) luqei√sai" luqei'si(n)

acc pl luqevnta" luqei√sa" luqevnta

masc fem neut

nom sg qei" qeisa qen

gen sg qento" qeish" qento"


Chapter 28 page 4

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.12)

Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +


lip + o + nt + o" ≥ lipovnte"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg lipwvn lipou'sa lipovn

gen sg lipovnto" lipouvsh" lipovnto"

dat sg lipovnti lipouvsh/ lipovnti

acc sg lipovnta lipou'san lipovn

nom pl lipovnte" li√pou'sai lipovnta

gen pl lipovntwn lipousw'n lipovntwn

dat pl lipou'si(n) lipouvsai" lipou'si(n)

acc pl lipovntou" lipouvsa" lipovnta

masc fem neut

nom sg wn ousa on

gen sg onto" oush" onto"


Chapter 28 page 5

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.13)

Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +


lip + o + meno + " ≥ lipovmeno"

2 1 2

masc fem neuter

nom sg lipovmeno" lipomevnh lipovmenon

gen sg lipomevnou lipomevnh" lipomevnou

dat sg lipomevnw/ lipomevnh/ lipomevnw/

acc sg lipovmenon lipomevnhn lipovmenon

nom pl lipovmenoi lipovmenai lipovmena

gen pl lipomevnwn lipomevnwn lipomevnwn

dat pl lipomevnoi" lipomevnai"lipomevnoi"

masc fem neut

nom sg omeno" omenh omenon

gen sg omenou omenh" omenou


Chapter 28 page 6

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.13)

Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +


graf + e + nt + e" ≥ grafevnte"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg grafei√" grafei'sa grafevn

gen sg grafevnto" grafei√sh" grafevnto"

dat sg grafevnti grafei√sh/ grafevnti

acc sg grafevnta grafei'san grafevn

nom pl grafevnte" grafei'sai grafevnta

gen pl grafevntwn grafeisw'n grafevntwn

dat pl grafei'si(n) grafei√sai" grafei'si(n)

acc pl grafevnta" grafei√sa" grafevnta

masc fem neut

nom sg ei" eisa en

gen sg ento" eish" ento"


Chapter 28 page 7




First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"

First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou

First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"

Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"

Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou

Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"


nt (active)



Chapter 30 page 1

Chapter 30

Perfect Active (#30.3)

Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (k) +


le + lu + k + ot + e" ≥ lelukovte"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg lelukwv" lelukui'a lelukov"

gen sg lelukovto" lelukuiva" lelukovto"

dat sg lelukovti lelukuiva/ lelukovti

acc sg lelukovta lelukui'an lelukov"

nom pl lelukovte" lelukui'ai lelukovta

gen pl lelukovtwn lelukuiw'n lelukovtwn

dat pl lelukovsi(n) lelukuivai" lelukovsi(n)

acc pl lelukovta" lelukuiva" lelukovta

masc fem neut

nom sg kw" kuia ko"

gen sg koto" kuia" koto"


Chapter 30 page 2

Perfect Middle/Passive (#30.4)

Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +


le + lu + meno + " ≥ lelumevno"

3 1 3

masc fem neuter

nom sg lelumevno" lelumevnh lelumevnon

gen sg lelumevnou lelumevnh" lelumevnou

dat sg lelumevnw/ lelumevnh/ lelumevnw/

acc sg lelumevnon lelumevnhn lelumevnon

nom pl lelumevnoi lelumevnai lelumevna

gen pl lelumevnwn lelumevnwn lelumevnwn

dat pl lelumevnoi" lelumevnai" lelumevnoi"

acc pl lelumevnou" lelumevna" lelumevna

masc fem neut

nom sg meno" menh menon

gen sg menou menh" menou


Chapter 30 page 3




First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"

First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou

First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"

Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"

Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou

Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"

First perfect active: kot, kuia kw" kuia ko"koto" kuia" koto"

First perfect middle/passive: meno/h meno" menh menonmenou menh" menou


nt (active)


ot (perfect active)


Chapter 32 page 1

Chapter 32

InÞnitive (#32.4)

present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect

active ein sai ein naimiddle esqai sasqai esqai sqaipassive esqai qhnai hnai sqai

present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect

active luvein lu'sai lipei'n lelukevnai

middle luvesqai luvsasqai lipevsqai leluvsqai

passive luvesqai luqh'nai grafh'nai leluvsqai


Chapter 32 page 2

Uses of the InÞnitive (#32.9-13)

1. Substantive

2. Complementary inÞnitive

3. Articular inÞntive with prepositiona. diav because

b. eij" in order that

c. ejn when/while

d. metav after

e. prov before

f. prov" in order that

4. Purposea. articular inÞnitive with eij" or prov"

b. articular inÞnitive with article in the genitive

c. inÞnitive

5. Result


Chapter 33 page 1


Chapter 33

Imperative (#33.6)

active and aorist passive middle/passive

2 sg - n3 sg tw sqw2 pl te sqe3 pl twsan sqwsan

present Þrst aorist translation

active

2 sg lu'e lu'son (You) Loose!3 sg luevtw lusavtw Let him loose!

2 pl luvete luvsate (You) loose!3 pl luevtwsan lusavtwsan Let them loose!

middle

2 sg luvou lu'sai (You) loose for yourself!3 sg luevsqw lusavsqw Let him loose for himself!

2 pl luvesqe luvsasqe (You) loose!3 pl luevsqwsan lusavsqwsan Let them loose!

passive

2 sg luvou luvqhti (You) be loosed!3 sg luevsqw luqhvtw Let him be loosed!

2 pl luvesqe luvqhte (You) be loosed!3 pl luevsqwsan luqhvtwsan Let them be loosed!

Chapter 34 page 1

Chapter 34

Rule #1 (#34.6)

Rule One: mi verbs reduplicate

their initial stem letter to form the

present, and separate the

reduplicated consonant with an

iota.

i wdddw

didwwidd


Chapter 34 page 2

Rule #2 (#34.7)

Rule Two: mi verbs do not

ordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,

ÒthematicÓ) vowel in the

indicative. The personal ending is

added directly to the stem.

di + *do + men ≥ di√dwmen


Chapter 34 page 3

Rule #3 (#34.8)

Rule 3: mi verbs employ three

different personal endings in the

present active.

mi verbs thematic conjugation

1 sg di√dwmi mi luvw -

2 sg di√dw" " luvei" "

3 sg di√dwsi(n) si luvei i

1 pl di√domen men luvomen men

2 pl di√dote te luvete te

3 pl didovasi(n) asi luvousi(n) nsi


Chapter 34 page 4

Rule #4 (#34.9)

Rule Four: the stem vowel of mi

verbs can lengthen, shorten, or

drop out (ablaut).

di√dwmi

di√domen


Chapter 34 page 5

Rule #5 (#34.10)

Rule Five: Most of the mi verbs

use ka as their tense formative in

the aorist.

mi verbs thematic conjugation

1 sg e[dwka e[lusa

2 sg e[dwka" e[lusa"

3 sg e[dwke(n) e[luse(n)

1 pl ejdwvkamen ejluvsamen

2 pl ejdwvkate ejluvsate

3 pl e[dwkan e[lusan


Chapter 34 page 6

ddddiiii√ √√√ddddwwwwmmmmiiii in the Indicative (#34.11)

present imperfect future aorist perfect

1 sg di√dwmi ejdi√doun dwvsw e[dwka devdwka

2 sg di√dw" ejdi√dou" dwvsei" e[dwka" devdwka"

3 sg di√dwsi(n) ejdi√dou dwvsei e[dwke(n) devdwke(n)

1 pl di√domen ejdi√domen dwvsomen ejdwvkamen dedwvkamen

2 pl di√dote ejdi√dote dwvsete ejdwvkate dedwvkate

3 pl didovasi(n) ejdi√dosan dwvsousi(n) e[dwkan devdwkan


Chapter 34 page 7

LetÕs Practive

1. dwvsete

2. ejdi√dou"

3. e[dwka

4. di√dwsin

5. devdwke


Chapter 35 page 1


Chapter 35

Present Active Indicative (#35.2)

*sta *qe *do *deiknu

1 sg i{sthmi ti√qhmi di√dwmi dei√knumi

2 sg i{sth" ti√qh" di√dw" deiknuvei"

3 sg i{sthsi(n) ti√qhsi(n) di√dwsi(n) dei√knusi (n)

1 pl i{stamen ti√qemen di√domen dei√knumen

2 pl i{state ti√qete di√dote dei√knute

3 pl iJsta'si(n) tiqevasi(n) didovasi(n) deiknuvasi(n)

Spiritual

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