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REPORTED SPEECH
Reported statements
Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”
Luis said they were leaving the following day.
Reported statements
Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”
Luis said they were leaving the following day.
Changes
Verb tenses: (a step to the past)
Time and Place
Pronouns and possessives.
Verb tenses
John said: “I am ill.” “I am reading.” “I often send e-mails.” “I saw Peter last night.” “I was reading.” “I have just seen Peter.” “I had never seen Peter.” “I will phone you.” “I am going to sleep.”
John said that...
…he was ill.
…he was reading.
…he often sent e-mails.
…he had seen Peter….
…he had been reading.
…he had just seen Peter.
…he had never seen Peter.
…he would phone me.
…he was going to sleep.
Verb tenses
am/is/are Present continuous Present simple Past simple Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect will am/is/are going to
was/were Past continuous Past simple Past perfect Past perfect contin. Past perfect Past perfect would was/were going to
Verb tenses (modals)
John said:
“I can ski.”
“I must /have to go.”
“I may go”
John said that...
…he could ski.
…he had to go.
…he might go.
Other modal verbs (could, might, should, ought to) do not change
Time and place Now.
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Next week
Yesterday
Last week
Two weeks ago
Then
That day
That night
The following/the next day
The following/the next week
The day before/the previous day
The week before/the previous week
Two weeks before
Time and place
Here
This
These
Come
bring
There
That
Those
Go
take
Pronouns and possessives(In a logical way)
“I love you.” he told her.He told her (that) ___loved___.He told her (that) he loved her.“I need your advice”, Ann told her parents.Ann told her parents that ___ needed ___
advice.Ann told her parents that she needed their advice.
Say or Tell
Sally said (that) she loved him.
Sally said to me (that) she loved him.
Sally told me (that) she loved him.
Say or Tell?
The teacher _____(that) the students were tired. The teacher said (that) the students were tired.
Joan ____me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.
Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.
Mary ______ to us (that) she would call us that afternoon.
Mary said to us (that) she would call us that afternoon.
Reported questions
Yes / No Questions
“Are you working these days?” he said.
He asked if/whether I was working those days. subj. + verb
“Did you speak to John last night?” she asked
She wanted to know whether/if I had spoken to John the night before. Subj. + verb
Wh- Questions
“Where did you go last summer?”. He asked me where I had been the previous
summer. subj. + verb
“How long were you waiting for us?” She wanted to know how long I had been
waiting for them. subj. + verb
A) YES / NO QUESTIONS:
He asked/wanted to know/wondered whether / if we…..
B) WH- QUESTIONS:
He asked/wanted to know/wondered why we…
Questions
-Reporting verbs:
ask, want to know, wonder,…
-Order of Reported Question:
Subject + Verb – (as in Statements)
Requests
Requests
The teacher told us: “Read the text!”
The teacher told us to read the text. I.O.+ to +INF
She told us: “Don’t arrive late!”
She told us not to arrive late. I.O.+not to + INF
Some reporting verbs
GeneralSayTellAskWanted to know
Some reporting verbs
…that…Complain that…
Explain (to me) that…
Insisted that…
Some reporting verbs
to/not toask me to….
remind* me to…
promise* me to…
advise* me to…
order me to…
warn* me to…
Some reporting verbs
General …that… to/not toSay complain askTell explain remind*Ask insisted promise*
advise*
order
warn*