10. Optical Fiber 18541880John TyndallAlexander Graham
BellU.Kdemonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be
conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light
signal could be bentU.S.A U.Kinvented his Photophone , which
transmitted a voice signal on a beam of light1880William
WheelerU.S.Ainvented a system of light pipes lined with a highly
reflective coating that illuminated homes by using light from an
electric arc lamp placed in the basement and directing the light
around the home with the pipes.1888the medical teamAustriaused bent
glass rods to illuminate body cavities.
11. Optical Fiber 1895Henry Saint-Rene1898David Smith1920John
Logie Baird & W. Hansell1930Heinrich LammFrancedesigned a
system of bent glass rods for guiding light images in an attempt at
early televisionU.S.Ainvented his Photophone , which transmitted a
voice signal on a beam of lightEnglandpatented the idea of using
arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television and
facsimiles respectively.German medical studentassemble a bundle of
optical fibers to carry an image. Lamm's goal was to look inside
inaccessible parts of the body. During his experiments, he reported
transmitting the image of a light bulb. The image was of poor
quality
12. Optical Fiber 195419611964Van Heel & Harold H.
HopkinsElias SnitzerDr. C.K. KaoDutch & BritainU.S.AHong
KongHopkins reported on imaging bundles of unclad fibers while Van
Heel reported on simple bundles of clad fibers. He covered a bare
fiber with a transparent cladding of a lower refractive index. This
protected the fiber reflection surface from outside distortion and
greatly reduced interference between fibers. At the time, the
greatest obstacle to a viable use of fiber optics was in achieving
the lowest signal (light) loss. published a theoretical description
of single mode fibers, a fiber with a core so small it could carry
light with only one wave-guide mode. long-range communication
devices, the 10 or 20 decibels of light loss per kilometer
standard
13. Optical Fiber 197019751977Robert Maurer, Donald Keck &
Peter SchultzUnited States GovernmentUnited States
GovernmentU.S.Ainvented fiber optic wire or "Optical Waveguide
Fibers" (patent #3,711,262) capable of carrying 65,000 times more
information than copper wire, through which information carried by
a pattern of light waves could be decoded at a destination even a
thousand miles away. The team had solved the problems presented by
Dr. KaoU.S.Adecided to link the computers in the NORAD headquarters
at Cheyenne Mountain using fiber optics to reduce
interferenceU.S.Athe first optical telephone communication system
was installed about 1.5 miles under downtown Chicago, and each
optical fiber carried the equivalent of 672 voice channels
14. Microchip Jack Kilby U.S.A Robert Noice U.S.A
15. MP Marcian Hoff U.S.A Stanley Mazor U.S.A
16. WTEW'13 Scientific ResearchData mind-processing scientific
vs ordinarySimple ApplicationLinear Algebra
17. Data Processing Understand
LevelsRejectPersuasionUnderstand
18. Data Processing
19. WTEW'13 Scientific ResearchData mind-processing scientific
vs ordinarySimple ApplicationLinear Algebra
20. Linear System Temp. (t)Dry level (d)Press. (p)Pasta out
(y)Dough (x)After browsing the catalog we found the general
relationship y = 0.75x + 0.1d + 0.2t 0.65p The maximum system
performance found to be applicable at the certain relationship x =
0.7t + 3d + 0.86 p How to Solve ?
21. Linear SystemAlthough the number of unknowns to be equal to
the number of equations necessary to find exact solution to the
system, but it's not mean that we can't solve the system without
this happen as logically system with many parameters to be adjusted
according to some general behavior condition (Equation) refer to
actually infinite number of possible combinations of parameters to
achieve the unique equation, Thus the last problem solution is more
simpler than you think, this situation act more flexible than find
five independent equations. You may find two or more equations
contradict each other and result in no solution exist, it's similar
to I told you that someone tall and short in the same way !!
22. . ) ( . #_
23. CountryRatio of dedicated money to the whole national
productJapan3.1%USA & RSK2.6%Israel4.9%Egypt0.2%0.05 0.04
0.03Ratio of dedicated money to the whole national product0.02 0.01
0 IsraelJapanUSA & RSKEgypt
24. CountryResearchers per
MillionJapan5000USA4374Israel1613Middle East1366000 5000 4000
3000Researcher per Million2000 1000 0 JapanUSAIsraelMiddle
East