Comparative Study of Competitive Anxiety, Aggression, Achievement Motivation and Self Concept among Volleyball Players of Different Level of Achievements. Dr. Tapan Dutta, Associate Professor, Nagpur Sharirik Shikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra.

Key Words: Competitive anxiety, Aggression, Achievement motivation and Self concept.Introduction

Success and failure of an athlete depend on the blending of physical conditioning, training, mental

preparation and ability to perform well under pressure and co-operation of athlete with others, so all the

aspects (physical, psychological and social) are needed for an athlete. If one is lacking in an aspect. It is

very difficult to get success in competition. That’s why the coaches must not only have the knowledge

about the skill and strategies of the sport but also should be psychologically skillful.

Performance in sports not only demands systematic training to develop physical physiological

variable and technical aspect of sports but also demands training and consideration of psychological

characteristics for success in this field.

Volleyball which is an excellent around team sport has become widely accepted as a highly

competitive as well as a recreational game throughout the world. It is now recognized as one of the most

breath taking and dramatic sports of the Olympic both from the players and spectators view point.

Psychology as a behavioral science has made its contribution for improving sports performance. It

has helped coaches to coach more effectively and athletes to perform more proficiently.

Correspondence to: Dr. Tapan Dutta,Nagpur Sharirik Shikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur (M.S.).

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to find out comparison of competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and self concept among volleyball players of different level of achievement. A Total of 75 Male volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25 players each from District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 30 years. The criterion measures chosen to test the hypothesis were: The Anxiety score of the volleyball players were obtained by using sports competition anxiety questionnaire – A form developed by Renier Martin. The Aggression scores were obtained by using Aggression Inventory Developed by Anand Kumar and Prem Shankar Shukla. The Achievement Motivation scores were obtained by using Achievement Motivation test questionnaire developed by V. P. Bhargava. The Self Concept was obtained by using self concept questionnaire developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat. To compare the anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players of district, state and national level achievements one way analysis of variance, in order to determine the difference if any, among the volleyball players of different level of achievement. When the difference was found significant, the LSD Post-hoc test was applied to assess the significant differences among the group means. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. The result of study showed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and self concept significant difference was found among the means of three selected level of volley ball players.

Dr. Tapan Dutta, (2012), Comparative Study of Competitive Anxiety, Aggression, Achievement Motivation and Self Concept among Volleyball Players of Different Level of Achievements

Anxiety is one of the greatest problem of modern in scientific knowledge cultural conflicts,

economic problem, industrialization, all add to the problem of man, thus, increasing the anxiety level

anxiety level refers to that emotional status of mind where as fear or danger or loss of suffering is a

prominent feature. It generally arises as a result of fear of same thing unknown which create tension and

disturbance.

Many people feel that defended violet behaviour in a sport setting occasionally flare ups are

beneficial to the players exhibiting this type of behaviour and to society as well in the naturally occurring

aggressive tendencies can be relieved in a controlled situation with minimal negative effects on the players

involved and on the rest of the society as well.

Motivation is essential to the learning process. The old saying “you can lead a horse to the water but

you cannot make it drink”, is an excellent may to describe the function of motivation in learning. People

can be placed in learning situation but if they are not motivated, they will not learn. In the absence of proper

motivation, not only learn process but life it self become an uphill task. Motivation than is considered as

that process by which a child may be prepared to respond to the situations which are directed towards the

achievement of certain predetermined goals or objective. In the field of physical education and sports, no

athlete can win or show better performance without motivation.

Several kind of identifiable personality traits revolve around what could be considered the athletes

self-concept. Traits such as self-confidence self-assurance, self-enhancement and self-respect all evolved

out of this elaboration of a persons, self-image or self-concept. Self-confidence, for example, has been

identified as being high in athletes by Johnson, and found athletes to have high senses of personal worth and

self-concept.

Therefore realizing the importance of above factors the above study was undertaken.

Methodology:

Subjects: A Total of 75 Male volleyball players were selected as subjects for the purpose of the study i.e., 25

players each from District, State and National level. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to

30 years.

Definitions: District level Players: District level players were those players who had participated in District

level tournaments and were not selected to represent their District in State championship tournaments. State

level Players: State level players were those players who had participated in State level tournaments by

representing their District in State championship tournaments and were not selected to represent their state

in National level tournaments. National level Players: National level players were those players who had

participated in National level tournaments by representing their state in National championship tournaments

and were not selected for Indian team to participate in international tournaments.

Criterion Measures: The Anxiety score of the volleyball players was obtained by using sports competition

anxiety questionnaire – A form developed by Renier Martin. The Aggression score was obtained by using

Aggression Inventory Developed by Anand Kumar and Prem Shankar Shukla. The Achievement Motivation

score was obtained by using Achievement Motivation test questionnaire developed by V. P. Bhargava. The

Self Concept was obtained by using self concept questionnaire developed by Raj Kumar Saraswat.

Results and Discussion::

Table-1. One way analysis of variance of competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and

self concept (scores) in points of volleyball players of different level of achievements.

Variables SOV df ss mss F- Ratio Required F- Ratio

Competitive Anxiety

Between Group 2 985.79 492.89154.99* 3.13

Within Group 72 229.16 3.89

AggressionBetween Group 2 776.72 388.36

71.79* 3.13Within Group 72 389.28 5.41

Achievement Motivation

Between Group 2 1604.19 802.09100.14* 3.13

Within Group 72 576.96 8.01

Self Concept (Physical)

Between Group 2 1201.20 600.6063.35* 3.13

Within Group 72 682.80 9.48

Self Concept (Social)

Between Group 2 1225.79 612.9081.39* 3.13

Within Group 72 542.40 7.53

Self Concept (Temperamental)

Between Group 2 1765.68 882.8479.25* 3.13

Within Group 72 802.32 11.14

Self Concept (Education)

Between Group 2 1404.59 702.3095.55* 3.13

Within Group 72 529.20 7.35

Self Concept (Moral)

Between Group 2 1659.84 829.92102.21* 3.13

Within Group 72 584.30 8.12

Self Concept (Intellectual)

Between Group 2 1621.76 810.88112.47* 3.13

Within Group 72 518.96 7.21

TotalSelf Concept

Between Group 2 52755.92 26377.96583.11* 3.13

Within Group 72 3529.20 49.02

*Significant at 0.05 level

The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as

competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and self concept of volleyball players of different

level of achievement differs significantly, as the obtained 'F' value among the groups is greater than the

required 'F' value at 0.05 level.

Table-2. Post- Hoc test of significance for competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and

self concept (scores) in points and difference among the means of different groups.

District Level Volleyball

Players

State Level Volleyball

Players

National Level Volleyball

PlayersM. D. C. D.

Competitive Anxiety

23.72 19.36 4.36*1.2523.72 14.84 8.88*

19.36 14.84 4.52*

Aggression8.32 12.08 3.76*

1.658.32 16.20 7.88*12.08 16.20 4.12*

Achievement Motivation

19.24 30.56 11.32*2.0019.24 24.52 5.28*

30.56 24.52 6.04*

Self Concept (Physical)

24.50 28.76 4.56*2.1824.50 33.52 9.32*

28.76 33.52 4.76*

Self Concept (Social)

21.84 26.20 4.36*2.1521.84 31.72 9.88*

26.20 31.72 5.52*

Self Concept (Temperamental

)

19.36 25.00 5.64*2.3219.36 31.24 11.88*

25.00 31.24 6.24*

Self Concept (Education)

23.04 27.52 4.48*1.9323.04 33.60 10.56*

27.52 33.60 6.08*

Self Concept (Moral)

21.64 27.16 5.52*2.0321.64 33.16 11.52*

27.16 33.16 6.00*

Self Concept (Intellectual)

21.08 26.04 4.96*1.9021.08 32.44 11.36*

26.04 32.44 6.40*

TotalSelf Concept

131.24 160.24 29.56*

4.95131.24 196.12 64.88*

160.24 196.12 35.32*

*Significant at 0.05 level

The findings of the study revealed that in all the selected psychological parameters such as

competitive anxiety, aggression, achievement motivation and self concept the mean difference value of

District level volleyball players and State level volleyball players, District level volleyball players and

National level volleyball players, State level volleyball players and National level volleyball players reveals

that there are significant difference in as the mean difference value between the groups is greater than the

critical difference value.

Conclusions.

Within the limitations of the present study and on the basis of findings, the following conclusions are

drawn:

1. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in competitive anxiety,

aggression, achievement motivation and self concept of volley ball players of different level of

achievements.

2. The findings of the study reveals that the District level volleyball players have shown more

competitive anxiety among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players and

the least competitive anxiety was shown by the National level volleyball players.

3. Similarly the findings of the study also reveals that National level volleyball players were more

aggressive among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players and District

level volleyball players have shown least aggression.

4. The findings of the study also reveals that State level volleyball players were highly motivated in terms of

achievement motivation among the three selected groups followed by National level volleyball players and

the least motivated group was that of District level volleyball players.

5. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Physical among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players

and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

6. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Social among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players and

the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

7. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Temperamental among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball

players and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

8. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Education among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players

and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

9. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Moral among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players and

the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

10. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in self concept

dimension i.e. Intellectual among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players

and the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

11. The finding of the study reveals that National level volleyball players were superior in total self

concept dimension among the three selected groups followed by State level volleyball players and

the District level volleyball players were found to be inferior among the selected groups.

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