View
405
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The not so confidential planning and installation issues made during Energy Audits 2011 onwards
Citation preview
WUXI GCS Workshop
Common mistakes in planning and installing PV systems in Germany
October 2011Andreas Iliou Technical Customer Service Engineers Germany
Suntech confidential
Content
1. Common mistakes in planning a PV system
2. Common mistakes in installing a PV system
3. Consequences for Claim Management
2
Suntech confidential
1. Common mistakes in planning a PV system
3
Suntech confidential
a) Shadowing (can cause Bypass diode damages)
b) Temperature zones (performance issues)
c) Layout of the panels (vertical, horizontal) (performance issues with dirt)
d) Snow loads (glass breakage or frame damage)
e) EMC and surge protection (can cause surges and Bypass diode damages)
Planning mistakes 4
Suntech confidential
Plan your solar plant w/o shadow (12PM on the shortest day of the year (Dec/21))!
a) Shadowing (1) 5
Suntech confidential
Plan your solar plant w/o shadow (12PM on the shortest day of the year (Dec/21))!
a) Shadowing (2) 6
Suntech confidential
Plan your solar plant w/o shadow (12PM on the shortest day of the year (Dec/21))!
a) Shadowing (3) 7
Suntech confidential
Connect all panels together which are in one horizontal temperature zone!
b) Temperature Zones 8
Suntech confidential
Optimize the string layout aiming for:
• matching string lengths for various strings (same string length for all strings)
• horizontal or vertical layout for a good mounting solution
• inclination should be >10°to effectively remove dirt (self cleaning effect)
• leave sufficient space between the panels for thermal expansion
c) Layout of the panels 9
Suntech confidential
Check for a suitable mounting solution according to the snow load zone:
• for a higher snow load zone (Bavarian forest), a higher mechanical load must be chosen
• Installation Manual p. 9
• Modules should not be installed to narrow to roof-top limits
• mounting surface; >15m space between mounting structures
d) Snow Load and Wind load 10
Suntech confidential
Always do not separate the plus pole and the minus pole on distance as it creates Electrical fields!
e) EMC and surge protection 11
Suntech confidential
2. Common mistakes in installing a PV system
12
Suntech confidential
a) Mounting systems (glass breakage)
b) Loose cables and connectors (connectors burnt)
c) Grounding and Earthing (equipotential)
d) Dirty panels
e) Inverter dimensioning (performance issues)
Installation mistakes 13
Suntech confidential
a) Mounting systems 14
Suntech confidential
b) Loose cables and connectors 15
Suntech confidential
c) Grounding and Earthing 16
Suntech confidential
d) Dirty panels 17
Suntech confidential
e) Inverter dimensioning 18
• For Germany, a typical dimensioning is DC/AC: 110...115% depending on orientation, installation type, inverter, heat dissipation
• Always double-check with the inverter manufacturer sizing tool if the string length and the dimensioning is done properly!
Suntech confidential
3. Consequences for Claim Management
19
Suntech confidential
Planning & Installation mistakes 20
• Influences on Performance:
– dirty panels cause up to 10% losses
– wrong string connections (too short, too long) cause around 1...5% losses
– shadowing can cause up to 50% losses
– a wrong panel layout (with temperature zones) can cause around 1...10% losses
– loose connectors can cause up to 5% losses
Suntech confidential
Planning & Installation mistakes 21
• Influences on Bypass diode:
– missing surge protection can cause Bypass diode damages
– permanent shading can cause Bypass diode damages
Suntech confidential
Planning & Installation mistakes 22
• Further Influences:
– Glass breakage: too tight mounting solutions can cause glass breakage
– Hot Spots: permanent dirt on the panel has not been cleaned and can cause hot spots
– Isolation issues: inconsistent grounding in the field can cause isolation issues with the inverter and the panels
THANK YOU!
October 2011Andreas Iliou Technical Customer Service Engineers Germany