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GROWTH IN NON VEGETARIAN FOOD CONSUMPTION BY 2014 AND IT’S IMPACT ON ANIMAL HEALTH INPUTS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PROBIOTICS
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GROWTH IN NON VEGETERIAN FOOD CONSUMPTION BY 2014 AND IT’S IMPACT ON ANIMAL HEALTH INPUTS
WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PROBIOTICS
I. PREAMBLE
Production and consumption of Non vegetarian food are increasing every year in spite of some health conscious by birth non vegetarians are avoiding non vegetarian food
Kalyan Chakravarthy, country head of the food and agriculture division of Yes Bank says that in China and India, the youth and high-income population is adapting to meat.
Current global livestock production is growing more dynamically than any other agricultural sector around the world; livestock are now the world's largest land user (FAOa 2001).
According to the agriculture ministry, meat production in India has been growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5 per cent over the past 15 years.
Trends have shown that non vegetarian food consumption in India has gone up from once a week to three times.
According to International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), per capita meat consumption in India could reach 18 kg in 2020, compared to 10-12 kg now.
At present, in India Per capita availability of meat is 1.6 kg. Per capita availability of egg is 1.8 kg or 42 eggs. Average consumption of eggs in major cities is 170 eggs Average consumption of eggs in smaller cities is 40 eggs Average consumption of developed rural areas is 20 eggs Average consumption of undeveloped rural areas is only 5 eggs. While 20% of Indian population is vegetarian.
Driven by population, income increases, rapid urbanization, and changing dietary habits, there is an unprecedented expansion of the livestock industry throughout the developing world where per capita meat production is expected to increase by nearly 50% between 2000 and 2020. Global meat demand is expected to grow by 35% and milk demand by 25% over the same period.
The increase in consumption of non vegetarian food is largely owing to the following facts.1. In developing countries, Governments are providing midday meal to school going children where Eggs are provided periodically.2. Compared to Vegetables, prices of Eggs are low in several countries.3. Dining out is becoming a regular habit and while dining in restaurants people try several non vegetarian dishes.4. With the increase in earning and purchasing capacities, people are tending towards Non vegetarian food.5. Urbanization. Rural folk moving to cities are more prone for increased intake of meat and eggs.
Demand for meat worldwide is forecast to rise more than 55 per cent between 1997 and 2020, with China alone accounting for more than 40 per cent of this increase, and India, 4 per cent, according to IFPRI. (http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Commodities/Meat-Of-The-Matter.html) By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be some 800 million additional people to feed on the planet. This together with higher income for food spending will put a tremendous demand on crop production.
The USDA reports that animals cycled through the U.S. meat industry produce 61 milliontons of waste each year, which is 130 times the volume of human waste, or .2 tons forevery US citizen (Horrigan et al. 1999). In the United States, waste from every type oflivestock increased between 1987 and 1997, with the largest increases in waste fromsheep and poultry. Large manure volumes will continue to be produced and distributedon less land in the coming years (Beegle and Lanyon 1994). These consequences ofanimal waste can be divided into three primary categories: water degradation, landdegradation, and air pollution.
Hence the need arises to put efforts in the following.1. Achieving more quantity and quality of meat, eggs and milk employing less land,
water and time.This can be achieved by
Encouraging high yielding varieties of animals Improving pre and post harvest technologies to avoid losses in transit. Improving the disease resistance and disease curing to reduce mortality
rates and to curb any weight falls during ailments Improving the quality of feed, FCR. Reducing the quantities og inputs by increasing TDN, reducing excreta,
employing newer technologies like DFM (Direct Fed Microbes to produce Amino Acids, Organic Acids, Enzymes, Growth promoters, Toxin degraders etc)
2. Achieve agricultural production without damaging the environment by
Employing greener technologies Preferring organic farming
3. Biodegrade all the wastes and pollutants of the industry like litter and make them more environment friendly.
4. Convert the poultry litter and cow dung into fit animal feeding stuff rather than usage of the same as manure.
Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.Prebiotics are nondigestible substances that provide a beneficial physiological effect for the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth or activity of a limited number of indigenous bacteriaSynbiotics are products that contain both probiotics and probiotics.
At the start of the 20th century, probiotics were thought to beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, thus inhibiting pathogens and toxin producing bacteria. Today, specific health effects are being investigated and documented including alleviation of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, prevention and treatment of pathogen-induced diarrhea, urogenital infections, and atopic diseases.
Today, Scientists and Industry has recognized the important role of probiotics In improving
The survival rate, Weight gain FCR Egg laying capacity, Milk yielding capacity,
And in reducing Residual antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, dewormers Mortality rate Crop time Pollution Damage to Mother Earth.
According to a new market research report, 'Probiotics Market (2009-2014)' (www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/probiotic-market-advanced-technologies-and-global-market-69.html), published by MarketsandMarkets(www.marketsandmarkets.com), the global probiotics market is expectedto be worth US$ 32.6 billion by 2014, with the Europe and Asia accounting fornearly 42% and 30% of the total revenues respectively. The global market isexpected to record a CAGR of 12.6% from 2009 to 2014.
Probiotics, belonging to the functional group of gut flora stabilisers within the category of zootechnical feed additives (according to the Regulation EC No 1831/2003) is a fast growing marketIn 2004, the global market value of probiotics was €32 million, with a forecasted annual growth of approximately 3%. However, due to the ban of antimicrobial feed additives, the probiotic market in Western Europe showed an annual growth of more than 7%. In 2006, Western Europe produced around 296 tons of probiotics, with a value of €15.5 million. With 1012 CFU (equivalent to about 100g) usually added to a ton of mixed feed, approximately 3 million tons of feed containing probiotics was produced last year.(www.allaboutfeed.net/article-database/potenti...)
Probiotic Foods & Beverages segment is expected to command over 75% of the overall probiotics market in 2009.Probiotic dairy products are accounting for almost 70% in the year 2009 and reaching a market size of almost $24 billion by the end of 2014.Probiotic dairy products market in USA is expected to grow at a CAGR of 17% from 2009 to 2014.Probiotic chocolates, probiotic ice creams and probiotic baked products areexpected to enjoy a much larger market share.Europe market for probiotics is estimated at $13.5 billion by 2014. Its 12.2% CAGR from 2009 to 2014 is driven by consumer demand for health-enhancing probiotic products, such as probiotic yogurts, other probiotic dairy products and probiotic dietary supplements.Asia is the second largest segment, growing at with an estimated CAGR of 11.2% to reach $9.0 billion by 2014.
Animals can be classified as follows.1. Companion animals2. Animals used in Agriculture3. Human food product (Milk, Eggs) producing Animals4. Animals used as Human Food5. Animals used in Industry( Wool bearing)6. Laboratory Animals7. Wild Animals
Beneficial microorganisms can be used in food, feed, drinking water; over pond water mediums; in the environment.
Beneficial microorganisms can be used in controlling Bacterial, fungal and viral infections Cancer Cholesterol External parasites Insects Internal parasites Obesity Pests
Beneficial microorganisms can be used as alternate antibiotics, pesticides, insecticides, growth promoters.
Beneficial microorganisms can be used as Anifungals Antibiotic s Antivirals Enzyme producers FCR Improvers Growth promoters Gut acidifiers Immuno modulators Insecticides Meat tenderizers Oxygen liberators Parasiticides Pesticides Pollutant degraders Protozoacides Toxin binders Zoothamnicides
Role of Probiotics To combat diseases like as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, chronic
diarrhea or constipation. To curdle milk To detoxify To eliminate pathogens To exist symbiotically To fight against certain cancers. To help in Lactic intolerance To help in producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) To help liver and kidneys in discharging their functions To help regulate the immune response To improve mineral absorption To improve Total digestible Nutrients (TDN) of the food intake. To inhibit LDL accumulation To maintain optimum micro flora
To reduce Triglycerides To reduce the stress owing to high levels of Antibiotics
Activities of Probiotic Bacteria Anti colon cancer effects Anti Milk allergy Anti-diarrheal effects Cholesterol lowering Correction of Hypertension Immune system modulation Improved tolerance to milk Intestinal health maintenance Reduction of Lactose intolerance Suppression of harmful intestinal microbe activities Suppression of pathogen translocation Vaginal/urinary tract health maintenance
Of the 18 authorised probiotics in the EU, 12 are authorised for pig feed (10 are approved for piglets, 6 for sows and 5 for fattening pigs). The micro-organisms for pig feed are of various origins. Most preparations contain defined strains of bacteria and only three of them contain yeasts. Bacillus strains are spore forming bacteria and are applied as spore preparations while enterococci and pediococci do not form spores and are applied as desiccated vegetative cells. Therefore, Bacillus probiotics are much more stable during feed processing (including pelleting and during in-feed storage). We have found that the recovery of B. cereus var. toyoi was 95% after pelleting (conditioner 80°C, dye 87°C), while the recovery of viable counts of an E. faecium strain decreased with increasing treatment temperature (Figure 1). However, the stability of vegetative cells can be improved by various techniques (soaking on globuli, coating). Although viability losses can be compensated by initial overdosing during feed production if the rate of inactivation is known, storage of the complete feed is still a matter of concern. Bacterial spores, on the other hand, are remarkably stable during storage in pelleted feed (Figure 2 ). Yeasts are the most sensitive to heat treatment. Probably influenced by their stability characteristics, sales volume of used probiotic organisms in pig feeding can be categorised as follows: Bacillus spore probiotics > Enterococcus strains (lactic acid bacteria) > yeast probiotics (viable cells).
The European Union has not yet implemented regulations for the risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (GMO) in animal nutrition.Especially when GMOs are used to deliver drugs or vaccines, they could not be regulated as feed additives but have to be treated as therapeutic agents.(http://www.allaboutfeed.net/article-database/potentials-of-probiotics-in-pig-nutrition-id1140.html)
In Japan a standard was developed by the Fermented Milks and Lactic Acid Bacteria Beverages Association stipulating that a product contain 1 x 107 viable bifidobacteria/g or mL product to be considered a probiotic food.
Complete Ban on All Growth-promoting Antimicrobials in the EU Drives Growth in the Animal Feed Probiotics Market.
A huge demand for phytase is predicted in the future. This is a result of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) concerns about chemical emissions from the agricultural industry. Farmers are also looking to reduce phosphate content in animal wastes. Thus, the most rapid growth is expected in the area of animal feed enzymes led by phytase.
Global market for chemotherapeutic drugs which either kill parasite populations or prevent the development of immature parasites into adult forms, is worth almost $4.7 billion, making it the single most valuable sector of the animal health products market.At the moment very few companies like DVS BioLife Ltd employ probiotics for controlling internal and external parasites.
The global market for nutraceuticals for companion animals was estimated in excess of $1 billion in 2006. Several algae like spirulina, chlorella, Dunaliella Salina are employed.
The global probiotics market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of around 13% from 2009-2014 and Europe and Asia would be occupying the maximum market share by the end of 2014.
There is good in vitro evidence that certain probiotic strains can inhibit thegrowth and adhesion of a range of enteropathogens (Coconnier et al., 1993, 1997;Hudault et al., 1997; Gopal et al., 2001; Bernet Camard et al., 1997), and animal studieshave indicated beneficial effects against pathogens such as Salmonella (Ogawa et al.,2001; Shu et al., 2000).
The intestinal microflora likely plays a critical role in inflammatory conditions inthe gut, and potentially probiotics could remediate such conditions through modulation ofthe microflora.
Administration of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria could theoretically modify the flora leading to decreased β-glucuronidase and carcinogen levels (Hosada et al., 1996). Furthermore, there is some evidence that cancer recurrences at other sites, such as the urinary bladder can be reduced by intestinal instillation of probiotics including L. casei Shirota (Aso et al., 1995). In vitro studies with L. rhamnosus GG and bifidobacteria and an in vivo study using L. rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 as well as Propionibacterium sp. showed a decrease in availability of carcinogenic aflatoxin in the lumen (El-Nezami et al., 2000; Oatley et al., 2000).(http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf)
Intravenous, intraperitoneal and intrapleural injection of L. casei Shirota into mice significantly increased NK activity of mesenteric node cells but not of Peyer's patch cells or of spleen cells (Matsuzaki and Chin, 2000), supporting the concept that some probiotic strains can enhance the innate immune response.(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria, October 2001)
In a series of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials, it was demonstrated that dietary consumption of B.lactis HN019 and L. rhamnosus HN001 resulted in measurable enhancement of immune parameters in the elderly
(Arunachalam et al., 2000; Gill et al., 2001; Sheih et al., 2001).
Some probiotic strains were shown to inhibit the growth of enteropathogens, such as Salmonella enteritidis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcesens, in vitro (48, 49) and in this respect may offer considerable therapeutic potential. This finding,
together with more recent evidence showing that Lactobacillus GG exerts antagonist activity against Salmonella typhimurium C5 infection both in vitro and in vivo (50), provides a basis for the clinical use of probiotics in suppression of pathogens.(http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/476S)
Potential for probiotics microorganisms to modulate the immune response and prevent onset of allergic diseases has been demonstrated.
Ability of lactobacilli to reverse increased intestinal permeability, enhance gut-specific IgA responses, promote gut barrier function through restoration of normal microbes, and enhance transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 10 production as well as cytokines that promote production of IgE antibodies (Kalliomaki et al., 2001; Isolauri, 2001).
Certain microorganisms can contribute to the generation of counter-regulatory T-helper cell immune responses, indicating that use of specific probiotic microorganisms could redirect the polarized immunological memory to a healthy one (McCracken and Lorenz, 2001).
There is preliminary evidence that use of probiotic lactobacilli and metabolic by-productspotentially confer benefits to the heart, including prevention and therapy of variousischemic heart syndromes (Oxman et al., 2001) and lowering serum cholesterol (De Roos and Katan, 2000).
There is some clinical evidence to suggest that oral and vaginal administration of lactobacilli can eradicate asymptomatic (Reid et al., 2001a; 2001b) and symptomatic Bacterial vaginosis(Hilton et al., 1995; Sieber and Dietz, 1998).
One study of day care centres in Finland showed that probiotic use reduced the incidence of respiratory infections and days absent due to ill health (Hatakka et al., 2001).
Probiotic bacteria containing β-galactosidase can be added to food to improve lactosemaldigestion (Kim and Gilliland, 1983).
The global market estimate of functional foods has been up to 73 Billion € and an annular growth rate of 8-16%. In a recent study undertaken by Leatherhead Food RA, the market for functional foods in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden was reviewed. The results of the
study showed that the probiotic yogurt market in these 9 countries totalled >250 million kg in 1997 (11), with France representing the largest market, having sales of 90 million kg, valued at US$219 million. The German market for probiotic yogurts is growing
rapidly; for example, during 1996–1997, it increased by 150%, whereas the UK market grew by a more modest 26% during the same period. On average, probiotic yogurts
accounted for 10% of all yogurts sold in the 9 countries studied, with Denmark having the highest proportion (20%) of probiotic yogurts, followed by Germany and the United Kingdom (both at 13%) and then France (11%). On the lower end of the scale were the Netherlands and Belgium (both at 6%) and then Finland and Sweden (both at 5%) (11). Seen as crucial to market expansion in Europe is further clarity on the use of health claims. The market for functional foods in Europe could ultimately account for 5% of total food expenditure in Europe, which, based on current prices, would equate to US$30 billion (5).
This study on the envisaged growth in the consumption of Non Vegetarian Foods and the role of probiotics in improving the scenario is based on the assumptions narrated below.Several factors may influence these observations. Some of them are listed below.
I.II. ASSUMPTIONS IN PREPARING THIS REPORT1. Agricultural support and trade policies influence markets
2. Agricultural production continues to expand, but more slowly
In spite of reduction in the Acreage; production will improve owing to the improved Seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and due to the better package of practices in pre and post harvesting including storage and transporting.
3. Agricultural lands are becoming scarce day by day owing to Submerging in oncoming projects on rivers Conversion into residential and industrial usage Immersion into sea owing to rise in mean sea level caused by ice glacier
melting (Due to Global Warming)
4. Consumption to grow faster in developing countries due to higher earning capacities
5. Despite rekindled fears, inflation expected to remain low
6. Diseases like Asian soya bean rust could change the outlook for oilseed markets
7. Population growth rates to decline World population is projected to soar from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 7.9 billion in 2025 and9.3 billion in 2050 (Sadik 2001).
8. Sustained, broad-based growth in farm animals is expected in the medium to longer term
I. III. FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE DEMAND OF NON VEGETARIAN FOOD
1. Climatic changes2. Changes in Food habits
3. Increase in Population 4. Urbanization
I. IV. FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE SUPPLY OF NON VEGETARIAN FOOD
1. Climatic changes2. Improvements in Feed Technology4. GM in Poultry and other Breeds6. Change in the Priorities in feeding stuff7. Change of size and concept of operators like a shift from small families to small companies8. Better usage of land and water resources
I. V. FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDING STUFF FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEEDS
1. Demand for biofuels such as ethanol from grain 2. Demand for biodiesel from edible oil 3. Demand for human consumption.4. Conversion of Lands used to produce Grains and Oil Seeds to better
remunerating crops like Horticulture, Flowers, Vegetables, Medicinal Herbs etc.
I. VI. FACTORS THAT MAKE USAGE OF PROBIOTICS AS THE ONLY BEST ALTERNATIVE
Abuse of Antibiotics Abuse of Growth promoting antibiotics and chemicals Abuse of Hormones Abuse of Pesticides, insecticides Abuse of dewormers, parasiticides, disinfectants, sanitizers etc
Table I.01.
When GDP increases to developing country status, growth in meat consumption rises quickly reflecting consumer desires. In many countries, per capita income levels have more than doubled over the past two decades.
Table I. 02. Average annual percentage increase over 10 year period
1995-2004 2005-2014 1995-2004 2005-2014Population Income% % % %
World 1.27 1.01 2.62 3.10Africa 2.28 1.83 3.37 3.80America 1.36 1.04 3.02 3.24Asia 1.29 1.02 2.61 3.56Europe 0.01 -0.07 2.13 2.40Oceania 1.15 0.73 3.51 3.53Note: Income is at 1995 USD market prices.Source: World Bank, December 2004.
World population is projected to soar from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 7.9 billion in 2025 and 9.3 billion in 2050
(Sadik 2001). Countries with large population bases and high growth rates are Indonesia- 240 m, 1.5%, India -
1,065 m, 1.4%, Pakistan - 161 m, 2.0%, Bangladesh -143 m , 2.1% and Brazil - 185 m 1.1% (Anon, 2007).
A 10% increase in income would result in a 1% increase in food expenditure in the U.S., a 6.5% increase in the Philippines and 18% in Tanzania (Seale and Bernstein, 2003).
Table I.03As per CFLMA, Indian feed production details are as follows.
Species Year Feed in KgBroiler 2004 6.2 x 109
Layer 2004 8.1 x 109
Cattle 2004 4 x 109
Shrimp 2005 0.307 x 109
Fish 2004 0.01 x 109
It is estimated that the real productions by 2014 will be enhanced at an average growth rate of 9.25%
The top 15 countries that produce animal feed accounted for 73% of a total production of 625 mmt in 2005 (Gill, 2007).
Table I. 04. Production and consumption average annual growth rates, 2004-2014PRODUCTION CONSUMPTIONTotal OECD NON-OECD Total OECD NON-OECD
% %Beef 1.6 0.7 2.6 1.6 0.6 2.3Pig meat 1.8 0.8 2.6 1.8 0.8 2.3Poultry meat 2.2 1.8 3.0 2.2 1.8 2.5Milk 1.9 0.9 3.0 .. .. ..Butter 1.7 -0.3 3.4 1.8 -0.3 2.9Cheese 1.8 1.8 2.8 1.9 1.6 2.7Skim milk powder -0.5 -1.3 2.5 -0.9 -2.5 1.3Whole milk powder 2.0 1.2 3.4 2.0 -0.3 2.6Source: OECD and FAO Secretariats
Table I. 05. Per capita consumption for selected commoditiesAverage annual growth (%) (1)
2002-04 2014 1995-04 2005-14WorldMeat 31.2 34.5 3.38 0.88
OECDMeat 64.5 69.9 7.03 0.73
Non-OECDMeat 23.2 26.5 1.64 1.18
Note: (1) The least squares growth rate, r is estimated by fitting a linear regression trend line as follows:Ln(xt)=a+r*tEconometrics and models and Econometrics forecasts, Robert S. Pindyck.Source: OECD and FAO Secretariats.
Table I.06.
Table I.07. Production of Milk and EggsFAO
Statistical Yearbook
PRODUCTION OF MILK PRODUCTION OF EGGS
2009 (1000 tonnes) (1000 tonnes)
COUNTRIES 1994-1996
1999-2001
2005 2006 2007 1994-1996
1999-2001
2005 2006 2007
Afghanistan 2 1379.866
71745.033 1730.7 1627.9 1673.9 15.86666
715.47 21.824 14.688 16.858
Albania 3 938.38367
946.34033
1076.007 1102.007 1016.007 14.143333
21.733333
27.3 26.5 27.2
Algeria 4 1148.1333
1513.218 1694.209 1995.693 2045 110.66667
100.66667
175 178 185
American Samoa
5 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.022 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Angola 7 151.66667
193.66667
195 195 195 4.1333333
4.3333333
5.2 4.3 4.3
Antigua and Barbuda
8 5.8333333
5.3 5.35 5.35 5.4 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.25
Argentina 9 8642.873 10179.752
9908.941 10493.569
10500 281.12333
315.907 310 484.2 480
Armenia 1 424.96 457.882 594.6 620 642 11.067667
21.666333
29.053 25.98 29.442
Australia 10 8591 10849.667
10089 9583 9223 138.6 144.33333
138.6 180.3 170.2
Austria 11 3173.6173
3353.7447
3135.852 3168.555 3179.995 102.338 88.082667
89.271 90.613 95.197
Azerbaijan 52 817.83333
1032.7333
1251.935 1299.509 1341.278 27.300333
30.473667
49.167 45.831 52.66
Bahamas 12 1.59 1.575 1.8 1.75 1.75 0.66 0.9336667
0.85 0.9 0.9
Bahrain 13 17.145667
16.063667
15.224 13.13 10.93 2.9966667
2.6213333
2.45 2.45 2.45
Bangladesh 16 1989.8533
2133.2767
2615.93 2752.54 2897.15 131.36667
178.46667
263.7 253.9 256
Barbados 14 7.839 8.0566667
6.785 6.85 6.9 1.221 1.25 1.95 2 2.05
Belarus 57 5162.8333
4688.1667
5675.6 5895.4 5903.5 190.80467
183.695 173.98 187.18 181.1
Belgium 255 3691.5 3025 3012 3000 203.375 179.81 194 174.2Belize 23 1.276 1.441333
33.786 3.014 2.706 1.488 1.717666
71.472 1.616 1.805
Benin 53 24.213333
29.371667
34.722 35.638 36.53 6.444 7.2 9.36 10.08 10.845
Bhutan 18 41.288667
41.448 41.44 41.42 41.42 0.3566667
0.3466667
0.24 0.24 0.24
Bolivia 19 215.64567
251.06567
355.65 294.839 301.709 65.666667
39.617333
53.89 59.315 62.585
Bosnia and Herzegovina
80 360.36667
550.03333
667.7 703.52 767.826 9.3 17.266667
17.619 17 20.34
Botswana 20 100.91667
114.375 116.75 105.35 105.4 2.0333333
3.2 4.2 3.15 3.15
Brazil 21 17590.6 20537.669
25519.106
26320.564
27080.564
1421.1823
1561.5357
1749.747 1834.564 1857.817
Brunei Darussalam
26 0.04 0.1463333
0.103 0.077 0.075 3.99 4.7666667
5.703 6.512 7.35
Bulgaria 27 1448.3 1587.8303
1508.069 1515.673 1327.461 101.94367
87.036667
97.546 100.584 98.821
Burkina Faso
233 139.61267
173.16 214.775 224.153 233.947 34.379333
39.357333
45.045 46.27 47.53
Burundi 29 37.71333 29.32666 25.2 20.919 28.692 3.516666 3.133333 3.05 3 3
3 7 7 3Cambodia 115 19.074 20.4 21.658 22.746 23.12 13.31666
714.95 17.05 17.05 17.05
Cameroon 32 182.33333
188.36667
194.3 194.3 194.3 13 12.933333
13.4 13.4 13.4
Canada 33 7853.3333
8143.6667
7806 8041 8145 326.13 370.60033
399.26 399.612 398.436
Cape Verde 35 8.4726667
10.033333
14.6 16.6 18.55 1.9333333
1.9 1.77 1.835 1.95
Central African Republic
37 52.691667
62.766667
66.5 66.5 65 1.38 1.4366667
1.48 1.48 1.48
Chad 39 173.9 219.78333
243.459 248.628 254.52 3.6 3.552 3.744 3.78 3.888
Chile 40 1864.6667
2086.5667
2309.9 2409.9 2460 94.323333
109.94167
126.4 124.35 137.2
China 351 9443.5513
12711.035
32022.646
36471.845
39823.66 17385.327
22149.827
24725.89 24598.325
25654.35
Colombia 44 5059.4267
6061.2133
6770 5500 4225 319.4 362.19133
491.977 525.5 489.794
Comoros 45 4.4 4.5333333
4.5 4.55 4.55 0.7 0.752 0.776 0.776 0.776
Congo 46 0.9833333
1.05 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.14 1.16 1.2 1.2 1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
250 6.5666667
5.2 5 5 5 8.3 6.9 7 7 7
Costa Rica 48 566.03333
721.90967
779.478 823.814 889.974 45.710333
42.414667
48.167 47.211 41.887
Côte d'Ivoire 107 22.108333
26.465667
29.265 29.85 26.473 16.174667
34.000667
28.712 27.918 25.03
Croatia 98 610.08633
636.14567
812.864 870.135 883.226 49.685 47.606333
49.38 50.736 48.2
Cuba 49 638.20733
618.53933
354.834 416.734 486.98 67.502667
73.321 90.917 103.017 103.475
Cyprus 50 176.26667
190.4 193.42 187.8 183.48 9.5966667
10.794667
9.087 9.5 9.4
Czech Republic
167 3149.6263
2812.2477
2828.297 2768.887 2757.862 151.688 194.35033
89.465 86.675 92.992
Denmark 54 4604.4667
4642.6667
4584 4627 4600 90.9 77.729 79.8 77 78
Dominica 55 6.1066667
6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.225 0.225 0.225 0.225 0.225
Dominican Republic
56 382.985 409.71 751.662 868 872 45.013 59.403667
80.219 86.097 86.042
Ecuador 58 1908.307 2132.6863
4578.78 5188.069 4768.418 55.953333
66.705333
75.014 76 77.5
Egypt 59 2814.7627
3812.817 4508.1 4558.1 4608.1 159.39167
176.522 240 240 240
El Salvador 60 315.70967
376.816 447.6 492.478 535.664 44.22 58.297 67.409 69.228 70
Equatorial Guinea
61 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19
Eritrea 178 48.819667
69.183333
58.8 56.725 56.8 4.6013333
1.768 2 1.978 2
Estonia 63 718.264 646.976 670.427 691.966 692.416 20.56 16.764667
13.063 11.414 9.848
Ethiopia 238 1038.1997
1448.5787
1827.7 1931.55 1931.2 28.493 31.724333
36.624 36.624 38
Fiji 66 63.987 56 57 57.5 58 2.6486667
3.002 3.791 3.522 3.438
Finland 67 2470.2033
2460.9667
2433.19 2412.981 2355.6 72.4 57.986667
58.2 56.7 56.9
France 68 25954.222
25679.766
25713.949
25040.681
25216.7 1000.12 1036.1333
930.1 908.3 878.4
French Polynesia
70 1.4593333
1.246 1.096 1.35 1.35 1.5573333
1.7513333
2.5 2.042 2.043
Gabon 74 1.4416667
1.575 1.575 1.575 1.6 1.74 1.98 1.98 1.98 2
Gambia 75 7.3496667
7.618 7.7 7.8 7.9 0.5906667
0.715 0.748 0.78 0.83
Georgia 73 478.33333
663.117 787.73 617.3 638.8 16.271 21.445333
28.3 14.2 24.43
Germany 79 28440.295
28307.476
28487.95 28030 28438 840.33333
887.33333
795 787 786
Ghana 81 27.148333
33.8 36.01 36.53 37.12 13.559 21.288333
25.175 25.71 26.37
Greece 84 1960.4737
2012.501 2054.398 2077.007 2019.633 117.07167
115.31867
110.1 99.48 96.9
Guatemala 89 307.39933
264.97167
297.449 337.239 340 92.405667
81.31 85 85 85
Guinea 90 61.560667
79.022667
100.961 99.309 104.648 9.66 12.285 18.585 19.705 20.895
Guinea-Bissau
175 16.922 17.660667
19.03 19.83 20.817 0.608 0.96 1.128 1.2 1.248
Guyana 91 18.253333
30 30 30 30 1.4486667
1.3586667
1.206 0.27 0.492
Haiti 93 57.763333
63.05 70.35 69.5 69.5 4.25 4.5833333
5.045 5.05 5.05
Honduras 95 465.58167
575.84933
663.05 661.8 661.8 35.583333
42.150333
40.912 41 41
Hungary 97 1976.5153
2142.6783
1936.928 1851.069 1848.564 197.118 181.47467
168.845 168.421 160.665
Iceland 99 105.42267
105.78 109.445 117.541 126.358 2.207 2.4876667
2.8 2.634 2.91
India 100 65040.333
80440.333
95619 100900 106100 1479 1940 2539 2604 2670
Indonesia 101 732.26333
760.90067
850.45 944.249 923.883 734.83633
757.91733
1051.54 1204.417 1382.134
Iran, Islamic Republic of
102 4603.003 5807.41 7002.432 7488.467 7635.5 500.66667
576.56667
758 677 711
Iraq 103 402.40667
653.175 767.08 538.675 629.765 22.966667
26.93 77.12 51.7 50
Ireland 104 5326.8 5220.896 5378 5400 5200 32.633333
31.787 37.5 34 33
Israel 105 1175.5833
1222.9677
1216.274 1188.2 1226.201 101.08667
88.116667
92.4 93.52 93.5
Italy 106 12207 12871.854
11862.634
11868.176
11865 718.93333
709.16667
722.2 690 700
Jamaica 109 167.82533
180.799 178.821 178.466 179.094 6.017 7.012 5.096 8.636 6.32
Japan 110 8476 8419.2313
8285.215 8133.907 8024 2560.8433
2531.323 2482.643 2496.648 2525
Jordan 112 154.85233
193.441 277.887 309.879 313.4 47.779333
49.431333
40.614 44.68 45
Kazakhstan 108 4514.079 3729.436 4749 4926.9 5073.2 107.39667
94.491667
140.57 139.813 149.24
Kenya 114 2134.5 2505.0167
2835.2 3668.2 4401.5 48.833333
58.483333
57.85 66.7 68.6
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
116 85 89.333333
94 96 96 69.666667
104.16667
140 142 142
Korea, Republic of
117 1989.6287
2282.6783
2233.991 2189.197 2193.225 461.559 511.63467
542.862 583 573.5
Kuwait 118 35.871 39.309333
47.63 45.04 45.04 10.782667
21.177333
26 22 22
Kyrgyzstan 113 873.7 1103.888 1197.66 1212.156 1240.035 9.509 11.741 17.795 19.232 20.945Lao People's Democratic Republic
120 5.6 5.9333333
6.4 6.6 6.7 5.1066667
10.264 12.806 13.105 13.105
Latvia 119 957.17833
823.88467
810.284 815.072 841.646 23.426 24.996333
33.445 35.76 42.236
Lebanon 121 210.08767
208.10733
251.9 241 241 27.286667
43.6 45.48 47 47
Lesotho 122 26.196667
32.5 35 24 25 1.2566667
1.4666667
1.55 1.5 1.6
Liberia 123 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.735 0.745 4.05 4.2833333
4.35 4.7 4.97
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
124 160.03 196.84733
203.408 203.4 203.4 42.333333
56.28 60 60 60
Lithuania 126 1857.5667
1722.9067
1861.57 1891.295 1936.612 42.153333
43.250667
53.246 56.815 58.6
Luxembourg 256 267.115 269.711 268.073 274.243 1 1.291 1.24 1.227Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
154 194.807 252.186 276.164 321.29 451.79 23.81 22.866667
19.02 18.51 17.98
Madagascar 129 508.33333
515 510 520 520 15.601333
18.985333
19.436 19.5 19.5
Malawi 130 31.5 34.666667
42.541 25.472 29.739 17.633333
19.4 20.2 19.5 19.5
Malaysia 131 43.925 36.541 45.735 46.2 46.8 365.623 402.83433
453 464 476
Mali 133 420.47567
487.87267
627.432 669.704 717.398 11.88 11.88 10.08 10.36 10.5
Malta 134 33.283333
51.862333
44.497 44.415 43.962 7.0233333
6.0023333
5.884 7.285 7.638
Mauritania 136 287.58333
323.98333
356.549 354.8 355 4.5933333
5.0433333
5.27 5.27 5.27
Mauritius 137 7.3666667
4.5666667
4 4 3.5 4.7 5.55 7 6.9 7
Mexico 138 7569.5123
9354.3653
10032.548
10252.509
10513.405
1241.3607
1771.625 2024.723 2290.062 2290.833
Moldova, Republic of
146 829.77133
580.74867
658.57 627.491 603.906 19.654667
32.617 42.65 42.835 39.435
Mongolia 141 321.059 436.28667
359 398.6 414.1 0.224 0.4313333
0.45 0.4 0.4
Montenegro 273 183.3 178.02 2.34 3.565Morocco 143 923.4333
31226.566
71464.7 1564.8 1664.8 193.3333
3238.3333
3195 168 200
Mozambique 144 65.808333
69.319667
77.85 76.5 74.8 11.9 14 14.6 14 14
Myanmar 28 556.91267
619.32867
989.8 1094.815 1215.626 53.706 109.58733
200.839 226.724 248.962
Namibia 147 73.333333
87.666667
150 110 110 2.0913333
2.4866667
3.54 3.44 3.44
Nepal 149 1007.514 1171.9333
1352.428 1390.64 1432.394 19.601667
24.658667
29.776 30.31 30.998
Netherlands 150 11059.727
11099.667
10847 10500 10750 607.33333
657.33333
607 611 621
New Caledonia
153 3.42 3.1 0.804 0.789 0.8 1.351 1.52 1.853 1.951 2
New Zealand 156 9702.3333
12078.737
14637.894
15332.067
15841.624
44 45.423333
53.382 53.5 71.842
Nicaragua 157 190.111 541.492 614.118 664.545 708.405 27.524667
19.308333
20.357 21.053 21.456
Niger 158 396.76667
500.76667
631.76 656 683.6 7.285 7.77 8.29 7.46 7.56
Nigeria 159 380 388.05833
438.5 462.7 468.24 377.66667
425 500.4 526.4 552.8
Norway 162 1939.3 1811.1667
1588.188 1574.599 1616.479 50.036333
47.448 50.702 50.815 52.831
Occupied Palestinian Territory
299 112.69567
135.66933
186.875 190.642 204 21.321667
34.688667
37.393 37.94 38.49
Oman 221 94.112 108.95533
134.72 136 136.63 6.22 7.1883333
9.5 9 9
Pakistan 165 19994 25575.333
29438 31214 32219 279.48333
347.27333
408.063 463.664 486.459
Panama 166 156.72767
169.82933
181.048 178.592 180.225 13.098333
16.731333
28.141 25.657 27.3
Papua New Guinea
168 0.164 0.1716667
0.2 0.2 0.2 4.4633333
5.65 6.2 4.91 4.91
Paraguay 169 350.88367
368.6 372.38 372.38 375 44.1 79.223 100.82 100.82 100.82
Peru 170 883.17633
1084.755 1350.335 1503.923 1600.834 119.76567
158.60433
182.291 245.451 257.621
Philippines 171 11.903333
10.286667
13 13 13 450.66667
514.93333
594 592 603
Poland 173 11855.289
12020.28 11945.565
12003.415
12117.311
355.04367
429.32033
535.995 537.232 546.748
Portugal 174 1785.163 2102.1403
2119.926 1976.107 2049.264 104.62233
117.55033
120.908 121.65 119.569
Qatar 179 33.219 32.361667
19.75 20.15 21.1 3.4873333
3.1773333
4.142 4.2 4.2
Romania 183 4931.3013
4701.5357
5552.2 6662.242 6289.845 285.21 301.30967
365.5 371.45 326.124
Russian Federation
185 39098.856
32493.698
31147.165
31436.278
32175.485
1928.7667
1910.2367
2065.4 2116.8 2122.93
Rwanda 184 96.76 125.7 147.1 143.92 143.92 1.95 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3Saint Kitts and Nevis
188 0.3333333
0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22
Saint Lucia 189 1.1166667
0.9333333
1 1 1.05 0.542 0.516 1.4 1.05 1.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
191 1.3566667
1.3666667
1.2 1.2 1.3 0.64 0.64 0.625 0.63 0.65
Samoa 244 1.3 1.4833333
1.5 1.5 1.5 0.2333333
0.2716667
0.33 0.26 0.26
Sao Tome and Principe
193 0.1286667
0.1393333
0.146 0.146 0.147 0.2623333
0.3673333
0.472 0.472 0.49
Saudi Arabia 194 657.94867
919.7 1196 1216 1242 127.805 134.03433
169.548 170.5 174
Senegal 195 106.50467
117.99667
116.131 120.152 122.329 11.266667
17.266667
27 28 31.5
Serbia 272 1651.333 1634.5 72.8 68Serbia and Montenegro
186 1998.0333
1866.1333
1858.665 87.233333
73.076 76.598
Seychelles 196 0.3833333
0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.8086667
2.1586667
2.217 2.182 2.212
Sierra Leone 197 17.666667
9.3333333
13.25 18.5 18.5 6.91 7.7486667
8.865 8.865 8.865
Singapore 200 18.617 17.2 21.811 22.455 23.605Slovakia 199 1185.36 1149.21 1118.254 1108.611 1091.664 91.01333
365.08133
367.366 75.3 77.45
Slovenia 198 594.26833
648.08033
661.414 644.634 668.95 19.905 23.020667
14.33 15.801 19.345
Solomon Islands
25 1.235 1.3 1.365 1.4 1.4 0.34 0.4426667
0.48 0.5 0.51
Somalia 201 2213.6667
2102.8333
2210.86 2168.14 2166 2.3166667
2.48 2.687 2.54 2.54
South Africa 202 2627.3333
2655.3333
2870.87 2970.965 3000 258.66667
323.65 365.5 414 435
Spain 203 6762.34 7067.974 7469.409 7323.136 6998.5 588.12667
634.64267
710.456 709.305 706.84
Sri Lanka 38 286.69567
158.53333
167.524 171.17 175.61 48.852333
52.371 49.072 51.153 51.963
Sudan 206 4345.25 5773 7586 7308 7356 38.816667
44.833333
47 47 47
Suriname 207 18 9.8333333
8.5 8.5 8.5 3.5 2.7666667
2.5 2.5 2.5
Swaziland 209 38.466667
36.333333
38.7 37.5 39 0.3383333
0.9666667
1.25 1.05 1.05
Sweden 210 3327.6667
3328.6667
3206 3175 3200 106.03733
102.3 102 99 102
Switzerland 211 3903.3333
3914.4 3957 3957.5 4008.2 36.526 36.686667
38.879 38.77 38.932
Syrian Arab Republic
212 1383.0447
1635.6897
2354.13 2532.485 2678.1 105.659 128.26933
155.205 189.04 171.5
Tajikistan 208 343.63333
331.56667
533.03 544.9 583.6 3.2336667
1.4966667
5.53 5.89 6.18
Tanzania, United Republic of
215 670.18667
833.26667
944 944 955 36.162667
35.398333
36.745 36.75 36.75
Thailand 216 285.34133
524.10967
888.22 826.464 822.211 776.5 792.40033
778.709 823.274 570.4
Timor-Leste 176 1.075 0.6916667
0.475 0.475 0.375 1.1866667
1.36 2.8 1.6 1.6
Togo 217 7.6046667
7.815 9.022 9.292 9.585 6.325 6.325 6.44 7.25 8.05
Tonga 219 0.175 0.3063333
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.2733333
0.28 0.28 0.28 0.3
Trinidad and Tobago
220 9.3896667
10.357 10.5 10.5 11 2.9623333
3.3106667
3.8 3.8 3.85
Tunisia 222 594.33333
908.26667
931.1 988.5 1013.8 59.966667
82.666667
84 80 85
Turkey 223 10641.127
9790.504 11107.896
11952.1 12329.789
558.23333
770.31333
753.278 733.348 795.31
Turkmenistan
213 732.36667
1038.1333
1869 1197 1332.8 15.239 20.566667
45.43 37.265 34.155
Uganda 226 456.16667
510.41667
735 735 735 17.4 19.866667
20 20 21
Ukraine 230 17075.5 13149.467
13714.36 13287 12262.15 545.91133
520.37467
756.3 825.7 814.8
United Arab Emirates
225 59.515 82.44 98.85 100 100 12.394333
14.898 17 17 17.2
United Kingdom
229 14881.1 14736.333
14473 14316 14023 636.83333
600.50667
625 610.648 593.171
United States of America
231 69989 74940.333
80254.464
82463.032
84189.064
4440 4998.8 5333.4 5360 5308
Uruguay 234 1248.9203
1468.9103
1619 1620 1576 31.531333
35.2 41.558 42.295 43.6
Uzbekistan 235 3554.6333
3593.4 4554.879 4855.781 5097.65 72.437 70.828333
110.931 119.624 124.43
Vanuatu 155 2.9 2.9666667
3 3.1 3.2 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.36 0.37
Venezuela 236 1415.9717
1388.972 1347.662 1431.152 1703.544 143.13367
177.00833
173.6 160.514 149.648
Viet Nam 237 66.133333
82.950333
228.679 246.953 266.438 141.1 186.02433
197 226 254
Yemen 249 206.92867
249.01733
299.028 308.402 318.1 18.55 31.411333
48.36 50.752 51.6
Zambia 251 81 72 84 81 84 32.266667
43.866667
46.8 46.4 46.9
Zimbabwe 181 346.66667
306.66667
242 250 250 19 21.366667
26.8 22 22
World 5001
539787.21
579847.35
647794.07
665277.41
679206.93
47210.534
55137.817
61137.334
62154.977
63410.639
Table I.08. Production of Pig Meat and Chicken Meat
FAO Statistical Yearbook
PRODUCTION OF PIG
MEAT
PRODUCTION OF
CHICKEN MEAT
2009 (1000 tonnes) (1000 tonnes)
COUNTRIES 1994-1996 1999-2001
2005 2006 2007 1994-1996 1999-2001
2005 2006 2007
Afghanistan 2 12 13 32 34 18
Albania 3 11 7 11 11 10 4 4 9 10 10
Algeria 4 0 0 0 0 0 211 236 253 253 250
American Samoa 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Angola 7 26 29 28 28 28 7 8 9 9 9
Antigua and Barbuda 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Argentina 9 207 209 185 225 230 743 950 1,010 1,159 1,160
Armenia 1 6 9 9 14 13 5 3 5 5 6
Australia 10 343 364 391 386 384 472 601 760 773 812
Austria 11 586 639 642 514 536 82 87 89 85 95
Azerbaijan 52 2 1 2 1 1 15 18 35 36 49
Bahamas 12 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 8 8 8
Bahrain 13 5 5 5 6 5
Bangladesh 16 83 94 130 138 147
Barbados 14 3 2 3 3 3 11 11 14 14 14
Belarus 57 263 305 321 346 372 77 77 115 145 165
Belgium 255 1,052 1,013 1,006 1,063 403 450 484 448
Belize 23 1 1 1 1 1 7 9 14 14 13
Benin 53 7 3 4 4 4 11 12 15 16 17
Bhutan 18 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Bolivia 19 63 82 108 108 108 96 133 154 133 133
Bosnia and Herzegovina
80 10 6 9 10 9 11 6 12 14 20
Botswana 20 0 1 0 0 0 7 8 5 5 5
Brazil 21 2,600 2,546 3,110 2,298 2,480 3,838 5,905 8,830 8,164 8,988
Brunei Darussalam 26 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 14 16 18
Bulgaria 27 239 249 75 75 76 91 107 80 87 98
Burkina Faso 233 12 20 33 36 40 23 26 31 32 33
Burundi 29 5 4 6 1 2 6 6 7 6 6
Cambodia 115 83 105 135 139 141 16 20 17 17 17
Cameroon 32 12 15 16 16 16 22 27 30 30 30
Canada 33 1,244 1,646 1,920 1,898 1,894 729 908 1,000 997 1,030
Cape Verde 35 5 7 7 7 8 1 0 0 0 0
Central African Republic
37 10 12 14 14 14 3 3 4 4 4
Chad 39 0 0 0 1 1 4 5 5 5 5
Chile 40 173 269 411 468 499 291 377 457 523 486
China 351 33,010 40,769 46,622 47,591 43,951 5,783 8,695 9,964 10,164 10,617
Colombia 44 132 103 128 135 158 505 532 763 836 910
Comoros 45 0 1 1 1 1
Congo 46 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
250 28 26 24 24 24 14 12 11 11 11
Costa Rica 48 22 32 39 41 48 60 75 91 98 107
Côte d'Ivoire 107 11 6 7 7 7 24 21 23 22 23
Croatia 98 57 64 58 58 66 26 25 45 40 42
Cuba 49 113 90 97 100 177 56 73 29 31 34
Cyprus 50 44 51 55 53 55 28 33 33 27 28
Czech Republic 167 492 428 380 359 360 125 201 213 207 201
Denmark 54 1,503 1,661 1,793 1,749 1,802 158 191 183 166 170
Dominica 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 56 61 61 78 79 79 139 199 297 346 346
Ecuador 58 91 115 165 165 165 119 183 210 300 336
Egypt 59 3 3 2 2 2 306 512 560 616 560
El Salvador 60 12 11 11 14 17 39 65 99 101 107
Equatorial Guinea 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrea 178 4 2 2 2 2
Estonia 63 32 32 40 42 43 5 8 14 12 12
Ethiopia 238 1 1 2 2 2 36 42 43 45 48
Fiji 66 3 4 4 4 4 9 8 12 14 14
Finland 67 170 176 204 208 213 44 69 87 88 95
France 68 2,140 2,327 2,274 2,261 2,281 1,275 1,249 921 819 800
French Polynesia 70 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Gabon 74 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
Gambia 75 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Georgia 73 46 37 33 31 21 9 13 17 11 12
Germany 79 3,614 4,053 4,500 4,662 4,985 415 458 605 608 688
Ghana 81 11 10 5 4 4 12 19 29 30 30
Greece 84 136 139 109 108 110 153 108 159 120 145
Guatemala 89 12 24 26 26 27 105 140 151 168 170
Guinea 90 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 6 5 6
Guinea-Bissau 175 10 11 12 12 12 1 1 1 2 2
Guyana 91 1 1 1 1 1 8 12 23 21 25
Haiti 93 23 29 33 33 33 7 8 8 8 8
Honduras 95 8 10 9 9 10 50 70 141 141 145
Hungary 97 619 598 454 489 499 264 267 246 211 196
Iceland 99 3 5 5 6 6 2 3 6 7 8
India 100 495 477 497 497 497 583 1,050 1,900 2,000 2,240
Indonesia 101 611 460 550 588 597 861 770 1,126 1,260 1,296
Iran, Islamic Republic of
102 633 804 1,237 1,360 1,423
Iraq 103 36 69 85 60 97
Ireland 104 213 240 205 209 205 70 89 78 97 100
Israel 105 10 13 19 18 18 163 259 370 402 420
Italy 106 1,375 1,487 1,515 1,559 1,603 810 782 695 628 733
Jamaica 109 7 7 9 8 7 48 78 102 105 107
Japan 110 1,318 1,255 1,245 1,247 1,251 1,248 1,208 1,273 1,367 1,366
Jordan 112 101 115 133 116 133
Kazakhstan 108 127 137 197 193 194 58 32 46 65 64
Kenya 114 9 13 13 17 16 18 16 18 22 24
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
116 118 140 168 170 175 23 27 35 34 33
Korea, Republic of 117 824 947 899 1,000 1,043 380 380 484 510 513
Kuwait 118 27 38 32 42 42
Kyrgyzstan 113 25 26 19 20 16 4 5 5 5 7
Lao People's Democratic Republic
120 28 30 39 43 47 9 10 15 16 17
Latvia 119 52 33 38 38 40 10 7 17 21 21
Lebanon 121 4 2 1 1 1 59 107 130 137 130
Lesotho 122 2 3 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2
Liberia 123 4 4 4 5 6 5 6 8 9 9
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 124 96 99 99 99 100
Lithuania 126 88 83 119 106 99 25 26 57 61 63
Luxembourg 256 12 11 10 10 15 0 0 0
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
154 9 9 9 9 9 5 5 4 4 4
Madagascar 129 63 27 51 53 54 23 32 36 40 40
Malawi 130 14 20 22 21 25 14 15 16 15 15
Malaysia 131 282 168 197 197 192 657 670 860 922 931
Mali 133 2 2 3 3 2 25 29 36 37 38
Malta 134 9 10 9 8 8 5 6 5 4 5
Mauritania 136 4 4 4 4 4
Mauritius 137 1 1 1 1 1 20 23 33 36 40
Mexico 138 902 1,027 1,103 1,109 1,152 1,225 1,828 2,437 2,464 2,542
Moldova, Republic of 146 61 51 40 48 59 22 17 28 31 32
Mongolia 141 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montenegro 273 2 2
Morocco 143 1 1 1 1 1 190 255 370 370 380
Mozambique 144 12 13 14 13 13 30 31 34 40 40
Myanmar 28 115 127 328 370 411 98 210 561 650 726
Namibia 147 2 2 2 2 2 3 8 10 5 5
Nepal 149 11 15 16 16 16 9 13 15 16 16
Netherlands 150 1,640 1,589 1,297 1,265 1,290 611 699 628 621 610
New Caledonia 153 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
New Zealand 156 50 47 50 51 51 83 108 157 149 147
Nicaragua 157 5 6 7 7 7 28 47 71 84 90
Niger 158 1 1 1 1 1 10 11 12 14 14
Nigeria 159 129 159 193 201 209 169 172 219 232 243
Norway 162 97 107 113 116 118 29 41 50 55 63
Occupied Palestinian Territory
299 44 74 69 54 69
Oman 221 4 4 6 6 6
Pakistan 165 320 325 384 512 554
Panama 166 17 20 21 25 27 51 80 95 96 97
Papua New Guinea 168 51 60 68 68 68 5 5 6 6 6
Paraguay 169 166 153 152 152 133 31 36 37 37 37
Peru 170 80 91 103 109 115 353 535 733 710 770
Philippines 171 976 1,217 1,415 1,467 1,617 406 539 650 643 662
Poland 173 1,902 1,938 1,956 2,098 2,151 345 589 796 824 825
Portugal 174 315 331 327 339 364 193 228 198 193 200
Qatar 179 4 4 5 5 5
Romania 183 693 519 436 452 470 280 271 309 273 312
Russian Federation 185 1,891 1,517 1,520 1,641 1,873 872 788 1,346 1,580 1,869
Rwanda 184 3 3 6 5 5 1 2 2 2 2
Saint Kitts and Nevis 188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 189 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
191 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Samoa 244 3 4 4 4 4 0 0 1 0 0
Sao Tome and Principe 193 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Saudi Arabia 194 311 469 537 548 559
Senegal 195 4 8 10 10 10 16 23 29 32 37
Serbia 272 255 289 75 70
Serbia and Montenegro 186 630 617 562 83 68 67
Seychelles 196 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sierra Leone 197 2 2 2 2 2 9 10 11 11 11
Singapore 200 86 25 20 16 19 79 87 76 76 83
Slovakia 199 246 179 140 122 114 38 59 87 86 83
Slovenia 198 65 66 63 61 57 53 45 46 44 53
Solomon Islands 25 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Somalia 201 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 4
South Africa 202 124 113 147 151 150 602 805 949 971 974
Spain 203 2,218 2,929 3,168 3,235 3,544 874 985 1,084 1,065 1,131
Sri Lanka 38 2 2 2 2 2 54 67 97 79 100
Sudan 206 25 26 31 30 25
Suriname 207 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 7 6 6
Swaziland 209 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 5 5
Sweden 210 312 293 275 264 265 79 93 96 96 97
Switzerland 211 239 229 236 244 242 36 45 58 48 58
Syrian Arab Republic 212 81 108 163 175 175
Tajikistan 208 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 1
Tanzania, United Republic of
215 10 13 13 13 13 32 42 52 53 46
Thailand 216 497 520 669 865 880 909 1,133 950 962 986
Timor-Leste 176 7 7 10 10 10 1 1 2 2 2
Togo 217 5 6 8 8 9 7 12 18 19 21
Tonga 219 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 220 2 2 3 3 3 29 38 58 58 60
Tunisia 222 0 0 0 0 0 54 87 87 66 90
Turkey 223 1 0 0 461 618 937 918 1,068
Turkmenistan 213 3 1 0 0 0 3 6 14 14 13
Uganda 226 67 78 98 60 60 36 43 38 38 38
Ukraine 230 837 641 494 526 635 239 212 497 589 689
United Arab Emirates 225 25 28 34 36 36
United Kingdom 229 1,027 906 706 697 739 1,091 1,230 1,334 1,289 1,270
United States of America
231 7,963 8,682 9,383 9,550 9,953 11,508 13,943 15,869 15,930 16,211
Uruguay 234 22 25 20 19 21 39 57 48 63 45
Uzbekistan 235 15 15 16 18 18 17 16 21 23 22
Vanuatu 155 3 3 3 3 3 0 1 1 1 1
Venezuela 236 134 124 126 137 153 439 735 739 707 777
Viet Nam 237 1,006 1,414 2,288 2,505 2,553 129 289 322 344 359
Yemen 249 53 69 113 118 123
Zambia 251 10 10 11 11 11 26 35 39 37 37
Zimbabwe 181 12 21 30 28 28 19 29 53 40 40
World 5001 79,777 90,025 99,197 100,339 99,212 45,972 58,674 71,412 72,396 75,826
Table I.09. Production of Beef and Sheep, Goat Meat
FAO Statistical YearbookPRODUCTION OF CATTLE MEAT
PRODUCTION OF SHEEP AND GOAT MEAT
2009 (1000 tonnes) (1000 tonnes)
COUNTRIES1994-1996
1999-2001
2005 2006 20071994-1996
1999-2001
2005 2006 2007
Afghanistan 129 128 141 117 137 138 172 134 119 109
Albania 31 35 41 49 50 18 19 20 21 20
Algeria 100 118 120 122 121 182 176 191 199 196
American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Angola 67 85 85 85 85 7 11 10 11 11
Antigua and Barbuda 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Argentina 2,722 2,633 2,980 2,800 2,830 84 57 61 61 62
Armenia 31 31 34 40 43 7 6 8 7 7
Australia 1,791 2,039 2,162 2,077 2,226 624 684 615 643 701
Austria 210 207 204 216 218 7 8 7 8 6
Azerbaijan 43 55 71 73 75 24 35 42 44 45
Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bahrain 1 1 1 1 1 8 7 7 7 7
Bangladesh 149 172 183 184 186 108 131 172 185 198
Barbados 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Belarus 325 235 256 272 274 4 3 1 1 1
Belgium 280 267 269 273 5 3 1 1
Belize 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Benin 16 19 22 23 23 6 6 7 7 7
Bhutan 6 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0
Bolivia 140 159 175 170 170 19 22 24 24 24
Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 15 24 22 24 1 1 2 2 2
Botswana 43 30 35 35 35 8 7 7 7 7
Brazil 5,678 6,605 8,592 6,887 7,049 117 101 105 106 120
Brunei Darussalam 1 4 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
Bulgaria 76 63 30 23 22 49 56 24 24 21
Burkina Faso 67 84 106 111 116 33 38 44 45 46
Burundi 10 9 11 8 7 5 4 5 3 2
Cambodia 39 52 57 60 61
Cameroon 74 93 94 94 94 28 31 32 32 32
Canada 948 1,263 1,464 1,327 1,279 10 12 18 17 18
Cape Verde 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
Central African Republic 51 62 75 75 74 8 11 13 13 13
Chad 62 76 82 84 86 23 31 35 36 38
Chile 252 223 216 238 242 15 17 15 17 16
China 3,055 4,745 5,357 5,499 5,849 1,682 2,643 3,504 3,642 3,830
Colombia 693 720 792 790 790 13 13 17 13 14
Comoros 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Congo 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 16 14 12 12 12 23 22 21 20 21
Costa Rica 95 80 81 75 81 0 0 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 35 33 30 31 29 11 11 12 12 9
Croatia 25 27 33 59 55 2 3 3 3 3
Cuba 68 76 60 56 54 4 7 10 9 10
Cyprus 5 4 4 4 4 8 11 7 7 7
Czech Republic 168 113 81 80 79 4 2 1 2 2
Denmark 183 155 136 129 130 2 2 2 2 2
Dominica 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 80 68 73 84 101 1 1 2 2 2
Ecuador 143 174 209 211 233 7 12 13 13 13
Egypt 223 245 320 320 320 90 78 61 61 61
El Salvador 28 35 27 31 34 0 0 0 0 0
Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrea 11 16 17 17 17 10 12 13 11 11
Estonia 26 17 13 15 15 1 0 0 1 1
Ethiopia 244 296 350 374 350 61 64 117 134 124
Fiji 9 9 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1
Finland 100 91 87 87 89 1 1 1 1 1
France 1,682 1,568 1,517 1,473 1,532 150 140 107 107 102
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gabon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Gambia 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1
Georgia 50 46 49 33 31 8 8 10 3 4
Germany 1,437 1,346 1,167 1,193 1,186 42 46 50 24 26
Ghana 21 23 25 24 24 12 18 22 22 22
Greece 71 63 72 73 73 143 131 150 152 153
Guatemala 53 62 63 65 65 3 2 2 2 2
Guinea 24 32 41 44 47 5 8 11 12 13
Guinea-Bissau 4 4 5 5 5 1 2 2 2 2
Guyana 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Haiti 27 37 44 42 42 4 7 7 7 7
Honduras 68 55 73 73 75 0 0 0 0 0
Hungary 60 57 32 34 35 2 4 1 1 1
Iceland 3 4 4 3 4 9 9 9 9 9
India 1,365 1,439 1,334 1,289 1,282 663 620 762 774 777
Indonesia 332 329 359 396 339 98 83 117 140 120
Iran, Islamic Republic of 270 276 344 356 360 376 425 462 495 496
Iraq 41 47 44 54 50 29 28 23 28 28
Ireland 486 600 546 572 581 91 84 73 70 66
Israel 42 58 90 108 105 7 8 9 9 9
Italy 1,177 1,150 1,102 1,109 1,119 78 70 62 61 61
Jamaica 16 14 10 6 6 0 1 1 1 1
Japan 586 510 499 497 504 0 0 0 0 0
Jordan 4 6 4 4 4 12 6 10 7 7
Kazakhstan 551 313 348 367 386 208 97 107 115 124
Kenya 244 273 396 430 445 58 62 79 121 124
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 28 20 21 22 22 6 11 13 14 14
Korea, Republic of 228 294 195 200 219 3 3 3 3 2
Kuwait 2 2 2 2 2 42 33 35 31 31
Kyrgyzstan 84 99 91 91 89 62 45 46 46 45
Lao People's Democratic Republic 12 17 22 23 23 0 0 1 1 1
Latvia 48 21 20 21 23 1 0 0 0 0
Lebanon 21 51 69 53 53 12 13 11 17 17
Lesotho 11 10 10 3 11 6 6 6 7 6
Liberia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 19 10 6 6 6 38 34 30 34 34
Lithuania 95 67 62 47 56 2 1 1 1 1
Luxembourg 14 17 16 16 0 0 0 0Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 7 7 8 7 7 11 5 7 7 6
Madagascar 146 138 134 147 147 10 8 9 9 9
Malawi 18 17 21 24 27 4 8 11 15 18
Malaysia 16 16 22 22 22 1 1 1 1 1
Mali 56 66 108 106 112 42 51 60 73 78
Malta 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mauritania 10 19 26 26 26 23 34 39 39 40
Mauritius 3 3 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Mexico 1,369 1,418 1,558 1,613 1,635 67 72 89 91 91
Moldova, Republic of 49 18 16 15 15 3 3 2 2 2
Mongolia 75 95 47 44 47 115 118 102 88 107
Montenegro 3 3 1 1
Morocco 117 140 157 160 169 123 146 137 143 142
Mozambique 14 12 17 16 29 18 25 26 25 26
Myanmar 95 102 106 120 130 8 11 21 24 27
Namibia 48 55 39 36 42 9 11 12 13 13
Nepal 45 48 49 49 50 34 40 44 46 48
Netherlands 588 450 396 384 386 17 18 14 16 17
New Caledonia 4 4 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 0
New Zealand 598 575 652 643 632 524 539 544 544 575
Nicaragua 50 51 76 85 93 0 0 0 0 0
Niger 77 119 170 177 190 52 63 83 85 88
Nigeria 270 285 261 284 287 222 338 394 406 415
Norway 85 91 87 88 85 27 24 26 25 24
Occupied Palestinian Territory 11 12 5 5 5 15 10 16 18 18
Oman 4 4 4 4 4 17 18 33 35 36
Pakistan 338 420 464 632 656 584 468 532 422 407
Panama 62 69 66 67 67
Papua New Guinea 2 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0
Paraguay 193 226 230 232 234 3 3 4 4 4
Peru 106 129 153 163 163 26 38 40 41 41
Philippines 100 188 173 167 175 30 34 36 45 48
Poland 407 350 310 363 380 6 1 1 1 2
Portugal 99 98 118 105 106 27 25 23 25 24
Qatar 0 0 0 0 0 9 7 5 5 5
Romania 212 153 190 159 165 76 54 52 45 55
Russian Federation 2,868 1,878 1,794 1,705 1,690 269 139 152 153 163
Rwanda 11 18 23 22 22 4 3 6 5 5
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Samoa 1 1 1 1 1
Sao Tome and Principe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 25 22 22 23 24 88 98 104 99 99
Senegal 44 46 47 50 39 23 24 28 30 31
Serbia 83 95 20 20
Serbia and Montenegro 222 181 156 29 23 23
Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sierra Leone 6 5 6 8 8 1 1 2 2 2
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovakia 63 45 26 21 23 2 2 2 1 1
Slovenia 52 47 45 39 38 0 1 2 2 2
Solomon Islands 1 1 1 1 1
Somalia 49 61 68 66 66 57 73 92 90 90
South Africa 542 554 705 804 805 145 147 152 154 155
Spain 519 654 715 670 620 240 246 238 226 214
Sri Lanka 26 27 29 26 24 3 2 2 2 1
Sudan 221 297 350 350 340 228 263 334 334 334
Suriname 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Swaziland 14 13 14 13 13 3 3 2 2 2
Sweden 141 146 136 137 134 4 4 4 4 5
Switzerland 149 137 132 135 133 6 6 7 6 6
Syrian Arab Republic 35 45 55 60 66 137 181 187 195 213
Tajikistan 31 16 27 25 27 11 13 27 28 29
Tanzania, United Republic of 218 248 270 270 247 36 40 42 42 41
Thailand 251 173 248 184 189 1 1 2 1 1
Timor-Leste 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Togo 6 7 8 8 9 4 7 8 8 8
Tonga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Tunisia 51 59 53 56 57 54 64 64 67 68
Turkey 304 345 322 341 432 370 364 315 317 317
Turkmenistan 51 72 100 102 102 49 70 97 100 97
Uganda 86 98 106 106 106 26 30 35 35 35
Ukraine 1,220 731 562 568 546 38 17 16 15 15
United Arab Emirates 9 15 10 10 10 45 40 29 30 30
United Kingdom 886 676 762 847 882 387 347 331 330 325
United States of America11,50
912,13
411,24
311,91
012,04
4 130 107 85 105 105
Uruguay 369 409 516 600 560 61 51 33 31 27
Uzbekistan 381 388 518 552 551 77 76 74 84 83
Vanuatu 4 4 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0
Venezuela 339 413 425 490 494 7 8 8 7 7
Viet Nam 82 93 142 159 206 4 5 9 11 11
Yemen 41 52 73 73 73 38 47 64 58 60
Zambia 45 55 59 58 58 3 5 8 5 5
Zimbabwe 69 99 95 97 97 11 14 14 14 14
World54,06
856,30
459,49
358,75
859,85
210,34
411,24
812,58
412,81
213,13
2
Table I.10. Regional growth estimates of demand for meat over the period 1990-2020.
Region Meat World 60- 93 Developed 17-18 Developing 123-206 68-91Sub-Saharan 141-194 136-161Latin America 76-105 53-77West Asia & North Africa 104-157 74-100Rest of Asia 148-255 64-85Source: IFPRI 1995
Table I.11
Fig 1.12
Fig. 1.13
LIST OF SOME OF THE COMMONLY USED HUMAN PROBIOTICSWHICH ARE CONSIDERED AS GRAS
1. Bacillius mesentericus 2. Bacillus brevis Migula
3. Bacillus circulans Jordon emend Ford.4. Bifidobacterium animalis 5. Bifidobacterium bifidum6. Bifidobacterium breve7. Bifidobacterium infantis8. Bifidobacterium lactis9. Bifidobacterium longum10.Clostridium butyricum11.Faecalibacterium prausnitzii12.Lactic acid Bacillus13.Lactobacillus acidophilus 14.Lactobacillus animalis15.Lactobacillus brevis16.Lactobacillus bulgaricus17.Lactobacillus casei, 18.Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.19.Lactobacillus gasseri20.Lactobacillus johnsonii.21. Lactobacillus paracasei22.Lactobacillus plantarum23.Lactobacillus reutri24.Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 25.Lactobacillus rhamnosus26.Rhodospirillum rubrum27.Saccharomyces boulardii28.Streptococcus faecium29.Streptococcus faecalis.30.Streptococcus lactis31.Streptococcus salivarius32.Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus
II. POULTRY
INDIAThe eating-out phenomenon, with more quick service restaurant chains opening up, is changing the consumption profile of Indians. The current chicken consumption is under 3 kg per head a year and the
poultry industry expects the consumption to double in the next five years.
Indian poultry industry has been growing at annual varying rates of 8-15% and this growth in the past few decades made India fifth largest producer of eggs and ninth largest producer of poultry broiler. At present the industry is estimated at over Rs 30,000 crore and is expected to grow over Rs 60,000 crore by 2010. India produces 1,400 million chickens a year, which is close to 27 million a week, of which 95% is traded alive. According to a market report the poultry production and consumption in the domestic markets is slated to grow by 66% to approximately 2.3 million tonnes by 2010.
The Rs 40,000-crore domestic poultry industry produces 240 crore birds commercially every year. To cope with the doubling of demand by 2014-15, the industry will need to expand at a rate of 12-15% annually.“While consumption is expected to double in the next five years, it may not become 6 kg per head in 2014-15. It may increase to 4.5-5 kg per head, factoring in an increase in our population,” Venkateshwara Hatcheries’ deputy general manager Dr Pedgaonkar said. By then, the poultry industry could become a Rs 60,000 crore to Rs 65,000 crore sector.
Godrej Agrovet managing director BS Yadav said, “The consumption of chicken doubles every five-six years, so we expect it to double by 2014-15. Mr Yadav added that the current high prices of chicken are driven by food inflation since pulses have become expensive. “Farmgate chicken prices have nearly doubled this year over prices in 2008. In 2008, the farm gate price was Rs 30-35 per kg, this year it is Rs 60-65 per kg, mainly because the industry shrank last year. Retail prices have reached an all-time high of Rs 100-110 per kg. In 2008, 42-44 million chicks were placed every week. In 2009, the placement fell to 36-37 million per week, leading to the current chicken shortage,” he said. He said that the growth in quick service restaurants has pushed chicken consumption over the past three years to emerge as a significant segment. “Over the past decade, institutional sales, which means these quick service restaurant chains, have emerged as the biggest consumers. Eating out of the home has become a big segment,” Mr Yadav said.
Outlining the issues the poultry industry faces, Suguna Group managing director B Soundararajan said, “In 2007, the per-capita consumption in India was 2 kg. But due to the financial crisis and an increase in commodity prices, there was a drop in consumption. This year, consumption has picked up again.”
EUThe market outlook for poultry meat is seen as favourable given strong consumer preferences for poultry meat and the competitive price of poultry meat vis-à-vis other meats. With the growth in EU poultry-meat production lagging behind the growth in consumption by 2008 the EU has become a net importer of poultry meat. With this trend continuing up to 2014, a growing production deficit will lead to increased EU imports of poultry meat (+8.04% between 2008 and 2014). Exports of poultry meat meanwhile are set to decline by 8.16%, ‘due to strong competition on the world markets by low-cost producers and unfavourable $/€ and Brazilian Real/€ exchange rates’.Despite the growing gap between EU production and consumption EU poultry-meat exports will still amount to 720,000 tonnes in 2014 (down from 881,000 tonnes in 2005), reflecting the EU preference for poultry breast and the need to export poultry parts.
EU_Poultry meat(Tonnes) 2005* 2008 2011 2014 % change 2008-14Usable production 11,564,000 11,435,000 11,776,000 12,047,000 + 5.35%Consumption 11,439,000 11,473,000 11,835,000 12,174,000 + 6.11%Surplus/deficit + 135,000 - 38,000 - 59,000 - 127,000 from + 1.2 % to – 1.0 %
consumption
Exports 881,000 747,000 766,000 720,000 - 8.16%Imports 756,000 784,000 826,000 847,000 + 8.04%*EU25
III. BEEF
EUEU beef production is projected to decline in the medium term to 7.6 million tonnes by 2014 from 7,959,000 tonnes in 2008, a fall of 4.51%. This is linked to the reduction of the dairy herd and the impact of the decoupling of EU aid payments. However, trends in the size of the dairy herd will be critically determined by the rate of milk-quota expansion agreed as part of the transition to the abolition of the quota-management system in 2015. The higher the increase in milk quotas the lower the rate of decline of the dairy herd and consequently the higher the level of domestic EU beef production. EU consumption of beef however is also projected to decline, although at a slower rate of -2.08% between 2008 and 2014. Despite the production deficit in the EU exports will continue to take place, albeit at greatly reduced levels (partly in response to higher domestic demand). Indeed, despite EU enlargement total EU exports by 2014 will be only 21.13% of the 2005 level. EU imports of beef are projected to increase by 25.34% between 2008 and 2014, from 592,000 tonnes to 743,000 tonnes.
EU_Beef(Tonnes) 2005* 2008 2011 2014 % change 2008-14Usable Production 8,044,000 7,959,000 7,740,000 7,600,000 - 4.51%Consumption 8,445,000 8,474,000 8,340,000 8,298,000 - 2.08%Surplus/Deficit - 401,000 - 515,000 - 600,000 - 698,000 Deficit + 74%Exports 213,000 77,000 52,000 45,000 - 41.56%Imports 614,000 592,000 653,000 743,000 + 25.34%*EU25
The rise in EU imports is likely to increase the competition faced by ACP beef suppliers, although the price implications of this will be critically determined by the trade arrangements under which this beef enters the EU market. In anticipation of increased competition on undifferentiated EU beef markets, some ACP beef exporters are improving their marketing efforts to target ‘luxury purchase’ markets in the EU. This is already yielding significant financial benefits. However market diversification beyond the EU remains a critical priority, in preparation for the market consequences of the evolving EU trade regime in the beef sector.
IV. DAIRY
World milk production is projected to increase by just under 2% annually between 2004 and2014, reaching 747 million tonnes in 2014. The European Union, India, United States, Russia, Pakistan, Brazil and China account for over two-thirds of total milk output. The growth is expected to be especially strong in India and China.
EU_Delivery and production of milk (millions of tonnes)
Deliveries EU27 Year EU27 production EU15 production EU10 production EU2 production133.5 2005 148.9 120.7 21.9 6.3132.7 2006 147.5 119.7 21.7 6.0132.9 2007 147.2 119.6 21.7 5.9133.6 2008 147.3 119.8 21.7 5.8134.4 2009 147.5 120.2 21.7 5.7134.7 2010 147.5 120.2 21.6 5.7135.0 2011 147.4 120.2 21.6 5.6135.3 2012 147.4 120.2 21.6 5.6135.5 2013 147.3 120.2 21.6 5.6135.6 2014 147.3 120.2 21.6 5.6
IV. PIG
Pork has achieved steady increases each year in the global markets.
EU_Pig meat(Tonnes) 2005* 2008 2011 2014 % change 2008-
14Usable production 21,572,000 22,081,000 22,464,000 22,677,000 + 2.70%Consumption 20,370,000 20,873,000 21,301,000 21,539,000 + 3.19%Surplus/deficit + 1,202,000 + 1,208,000 + 1,163,000 + 1,138,000 - 579%Exports 1,286,000 1,246,000 1,201,000 1,176,000 - 5.62%Imports 84,000 38,000 38,000 38,000 0%*EU25
Overall meat consumption is projected to increase from the estimated 84 kg/head in 2006 to around 86.7 kg/head by the year 2014. Pig meat would remain the most preferred meat by EU consumers with a share of about 50 %, followed by poultry that would increase its share to 28 % (+1.8 %).
VII 2014 PROJECTIONS OF PROBIOTIC USAGE WORLDWIDE
If global feed production grows at its current annual rate of rate of around 2%, the world will be producing around 750 mmt of industrial feed by 2015. This will require an additional 20% of grain and oilseed meal which translates to a yearly global production of 1168 mmt of coarse grain (additional 195 mmt) and 255 mmt oilseed meal (additional 43 mmt) by 2016.
(Supply and Demand of Raw Materials: Are They in Balance? ; Robert A. Swick, R&D Animal Nutrition Director; Agrenco Group; 50 Armenian Street, #04-02 Wilmer HouseSingapore)
Efforts are made to visualize the production and consumption of Non vegetarian foods by 2014.
REQUIREMENTS BY 2014SPECIES BIOMASS CONCENTRATE
FEED REQUIREMENTIn Kg KgCattle for Beef 66.321x 109 165.80 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGut Probiotics 4 B CFU/g
28g per adult animal once in a week0.01125447 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gGas Adsorbant Microbes 4 B CFU/g
Once in 15 days @ 100 gms/ ton feed 0.0011053 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Wet Litter Managing Microbes over the floor @ 2g/ sq m 0.002389807 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Cattle for Milk 89.652x 109 1630.036x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGut Probiotics 4 B CFU/g
28g per adult animal once in a week0.015213 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gGas Adsorbant Microbes 4 B CFU/g
Once in 15 days @ 100 gms/ ton feed 0.010866 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Wet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m 0.00322954 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gMicrobes useful as galactagogues
4 B CFU/g@ 15 g/adult milch animal daily
0.00815018 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gCattle for Agricultural use 22.45x 109 163.885 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGas Adsorbant Microbes 4 B CFU/g
Once in 15 days @ 100 gms/ ton feed 0.00109256 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Wet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m 0.00080896 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Poultry for Table Eggs 129.041x 109 6829.494 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGut Probiotics 4 B CFU/g
750g / Ton Feed once in a fortnight5.122 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gWet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m of 20 cm
height heap0.025919 109
of 4 BCFU/gGut acidifying Microbes 2 B CFU/g
1g/L drinking water 13.658988 109
of 4 B CFU/g
Enzyme Secreting DFM 4 B CFU/g75- 150 g to 1M T Feed
0.7853918 x 109
4 B CFU/g
Amino Acid Producing DFM 9 B CFU/g750 g/ MT Feed
5.1221205 x 109
Of 9 B CFU/gToxin degrading DFM 4 B CFU/g
250-500 gms/ Ton Feed2.253733 x 109
Of 4B CFU/g
Poultry for Meat 83.0315 x 109 149.4567 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGut Probiotics 4 B CFU/g
750g / Ton Feed once in a fortnight0.112 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gWet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m 0.016606 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gEnzyme Secreting DFM 4 B CFU/g
75- 150 g to 1M T Feed0.50536077 x 109
of 4 B CFU/gAmino Acid Producing DFM 9 B CFU/g
750 g/ MT Feed0.112092525 x 109
Of 9 B CFU/gToxin degrading DFM 4 B CFU/g
250-500 gms/ Ton Feed0.0493207 x 109
Of 4 B CFU/g
Sheep and Goat for Meat 13.4585 x 109 30.28162 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgGas Adsorbant Microbes 4 B CFU/g
Once in 15 days @ 100 gms/ ton feed 0.00020188 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
Wet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m 0.0016150 x 109
of 4 BCFU/gEnzyme Secreting DFM 4 B CFU/g
75- 150 g to 1M T Feed0.0034823863 x 109
Of 4 B CFU/gAmino Acid Producing DFM 9 B CFU/g
750 g/ MT Feed0.02272 x 109
Of 9 B CFU/g
Sheep and Goat wool 0.715 x 109 0.01 x 109
PRODUCT TVC and Dose QTY in KgWet Litter Managing Microbes over the litter @ 2g/ sq m 0.0000858 x 109
of 4 BCFU/g
The demands of Duck feed, Quail Feed, Pig Feed, Fish feed and Shrimp feed are not included in all the above calculations.
All the above simple calculations are arrived based on the projections given by veteran agencies like FAO only. (Above Tables may be referred)
VIII. CONCLUSION
1. Total feed requirement can be minimized by improving the absorption techniques like Enzyme secreting Direct Fed Microbes
2. Poultry litter, cow dung etc can be made into fit feeding stuff by processing with microorganisms by eliminating pathogens and increasing the bioavailability of Nutrients in the litter and dung.
3. Employing better Feed technologies like Predigesting the Feeding stuff using microorganisms
4. Pre and post harvest technologies are to be improved and taken up by larger agencies to minimize spoilage and wastage using mcroorganisms
5. Feed Technologies are to be upgraded by employing DFM (Direct Fed Microbes to produce Amino Acids, Organic Acids, Enzymes, Growth promoters, Toxin degraders etc) which are cost effective, target specific and consumer friendly To improve the quality of feed To improve the FCR. To reduce the quantities of inputs by increasing TDN, To reduce the excreta, To improve survival rate To combat the diseases. To reduce the crop cycles To improve the shelf life of the products To produce in an organic way
6. Biodegradation of all the wastes and pollutants of the industry like litter so as to make them more environment friendly.
WEB REFERENCES:http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/publi/caprep/prospects2007a/summary.pdf
Prospects for EU agricultural markets and income 2007-14, full text (March 2008)http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/publi/caprep/prospects2007b/fullrep.pdf
Prospects for EU agricultural markets and income 2007-14, executive summary (March 2008)http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/publi/caprep/prospects2007b/summary.pdf
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