Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics

Earthquakes and Volcanoe

s

Earth’s Interior

and Plate

Tectonics

Minerals and Rocks

What is

Earth’s Interior like

Evidence for Plate

Tectonics

What are Earthqua

kes

Structure and

Origin of

Rocks

How old are RocksVolcano

es

Weathering and Erosion

Erosion

Chemical

Weathering

Physical

Weathering

Transform Fault Boundar

iesConverg

ent Plate

BoundariesDiverge

nt Plate Boundar

ies

Plate Tectonic

s

Vocabulary

Minerals – a natural, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic internal structure.

Vocabulary

Igneous Rock - from cooled and hardened magma or lava.

Vocabulary

Weathering – change in the physical form or chemical composition of rock materials exposed at Earth’s surface.

Vocabulary

Sedimentary Rock – rock formed from compressed or cemented deposits of sediments.

Vocabulary Fossils – the traces of remains of a plant or

an animal found in sedimentary rocks.

Vocabulary Metamorphic rock – rock formed from other rocks

as a result of heat, pressure, or chemical processes.

Igneous Rock

The faster the rock cools the less the crystals grow.

Igneous Rock

Obsidian rocks are smooth stones used by early American Indians to make tools.

Their composition is much like that of granite.

Igneous Rock

Obsidian becomes smoother as they cool much more quickly.

Because they cool more quickly, they have less or no crystals.

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Extrusive igneous rock cools on Earth’s surface.

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Intrusive igneous rock forms from magma that cools while trapped beneath Earth’s surface.

They are insulated and cools off slowly

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Because of long cooling period, the crystals form.

Crystals on intrusive igneous are larger than those on extrusive igneous.

Weathering

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down as follows: Pieces of boulders fall down hillsides

due to gravity, wind or rain. Rivers carry rocks down into deltas,

lakes or the sea. Waves beating against cliffs.

Weathering

Gravity, waves, rivers, wind, etc. break the pieces into pebbles, sand and even smaller pieces.

As pieces of rock accumulate, they can form another type of rock: Sedimentary rock.