Cell Structure and FunctionCell Structure and Function

Chapter 3Chapter 3

I. B. Cell TheoryI. B. Cell Theory

The cell is the basic living unit of structure The cell is the basic living unit of structure and function.and function.– All organisms are composed of one or more All organisms are composed of one or more

cells.cells.

All cells come from other cells.All cells come from other cells.

Took ~200 years to become established.Took ~200 years to become established.

II. Organelles in:II. Organelles in: Animal Animal Plant Plant

II. A. Cell Membrane II. A. Cell Membrane

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

Membrane that Membrane that contains the entire contains the entire cell.cell.

Allows material Allows material into or out of the into or out of the cell.cell.

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Not always described as an organelle.Not always described as an organelle.

Semi-fluid “filling” that contains the Semi-fluid “filling” that contains the organelles.organelles.

““Streaming” -- movement of the cytoplasmStreaming” -- movement of the cytoplasm

Assists in transport of some materials as Assists in transport of some materials as well as movement of the organelles.well as movement of the organelles.

II. B. Cell Wall II. B. Cell Wall

Cell WallCell Wall

Made primarily of Made primarily of cellulosecellulose

Gives structure and Gives structure and shape to the cell.shape to the cell.

Found in bacteria, Found in bacteria, plants, fungi, some plants, fungi, some protistsprotists

II. C. Nucleus II. C. Nucleus

NucleusNucleus

Membrane Membrane enclosed areaenclosed area

Contains DNA, Contains DNA, genetic material.genetic material.

Has pores in it.Has pores in it.

II. E. Rough ER ( Rough II. E. Rough ER ( Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

Folded membrane in Folded membrane in the cytoplasmthe cytoplasm

Transports and Transports and modifies proteinmodifies protein

II. D. RibosomesII. D. Ribosomes

In cytoplasm or on ER In cytoplasm or on ER making it Rough ER.making it Rough ER.

Site of Protein Site of Protein Synthesis.Synthesis.

II. E. Smooth ER ( Smooth II. E. Smooth ER ( Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Smooth ERSmooth ER

Folded membraneFolded membrane

without Ribosomeswithout Ribosomes

Various functionsVarious functions

Lipid synthesisLipid synthesis

II. H. Vesicles/Vacuoles II. H. Vesicles/Vacuoles

Vacuole/VesicleVacuole/Vesicle

Membrane enclosed Membrane enclosed storage spacestorage space

usually temporaryusually temporary

Central Vacuole Central Vacuole

Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole

Found in plants.Found in plants.

Large storage area.Large storage area.

Pushes other organelles to the Pushes other organelles to the outside of the cell.outside of the cell.

II. I. Mitochondria II. I. Mitochondria

MitochondrionMitochondrionOuter Membrane Inner Membrane

Ribosomes

DNA

MitochondriaMitochondria

Membrane Membrane enclosed enclosed compartmentcompartment

Cell respirationCell respiration

Energy releaseEnergy release

Not in bacteriaNot in bacteria

II. J. Chloroplasts II. J. Chloroplasts

ChloroplastChloroplast

Double membrane Double membrane organelleorganelle

greengreen

Converts sun Converts sun energy to stored energy to stored energy in sugars energy in sugars (photosynthesis)(photosynthesis)

Found in Plants, Found in Plants, some protistssome protists

Has own ribosomes and Has own ribosomes and DNADNA

ChloroplastChloroplast

Outer Membrane GranaStroma

Ribosomes

DNA

II. K. Curious About These 2II. K. Curious About These 2Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have DNA and ribosomes of their own.DNA and ribosomes of their own.

Each different from the cell Double Each different from the cell Double membranemembrane

Present day cyanobacteria have parts Present day cyanobacteria have parts similar to grana; these still present in similar to grana; these still present in chloroplastschloroplasts

Endosymbiont HypothesisEndosymbiont Hypothesis

Some organelles may have once been Some organelles may have once been living cells on their own.living cells on their own.

Ingested but not digested.Ingested but not digested.

Cell got benefit from the ingested cell.Cell got benefit from the ingested cell.

Symbiotic relationship developed.Symbiotic relationship developed.

IV. Cell Organelles - RecapIV. Cell Organelles - Recap

Bacteria Protist Fungi Plant Bacteria Protist Fungi Plant AnimalAnimal

C. WallC. Wall

Chloro.Chloro.

Mitoch.Mitoch.

NucleusNucleus