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How is variation produced in a population?
Jennifer Oh (SL)
1Tuesday, 22 November 11
What is genetic variation?
2Tuesday, 22 November 11
What is genetic variation?
Variation in alleles of genes
2Tuesday, 22 November 11
What is genetic variation?
Variation in alleles of genes
Occurs within and among populations
2Tuesday, 22 November 11
What is genetic variation?
Variation in alleles of genes
Occurs within and among populations
The “raw material” of natural selection
2Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic Variation
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
Gene mutations
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations
Sexual Reproduction
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations
Sexual Reproduction
Recombination
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sources of Genetic VariationMutations
Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations
Sexual Reproduction
Recombination
Mate selection
3Tuesday, 22 November 11
Assessment StatementsThese are the assessment statements that deal with this topic:
4Tuesday, 22 November 11
Assessment StatementsThese are the assessment statements that deal with this topic:
4.1.2 Define gene, allele, and genome
4.1.3 Define gene mutation
4.2.1 State that meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei
4.2.3Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of
homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by two divisions, which results in four haploid cells
4.3.1Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier
and test cross
4Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic variation, here are some basic terms that you need to know for this topic.
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic variation, here are some basic terms that you need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic variation, here are some basic terms that you need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2Gene, Allele, Genome
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic variation, here are some basic terms that you need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2Gene, Allele, Genome
From assessment statement 4.3.1
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic variation, here are some basic terms that you need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2Gene, Allele, Genome
From assessment statement 4.3.1Genotype, phenotype
5Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristicAllele - one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristicAllele - one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristicAllele - one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene
6Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristicAllele - one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the geneGenome - the whole genetic information of an organism
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4.3.1 Vocab
7Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.3.1 Vocab
Genotype - the alleles of an organism; determines the genetic potential
7Tuesday, 22 November 11
4.3.1 Vocab
Genotype - the alleles of an organism; determines the genetic potentialPhenotype - the characteristics of an organism
7Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficialCan be accumulated over many generations
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficialCan be accumulated over many generationsGene mutation (4.1.3)
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficialCan be accumulated over many generationsGene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an allele
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficialCan be accumulated over many generationsGene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an alleleChromosome mutation
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic informationNot always harmful, some are neutral or beneficialCan be accumulated over many generationsGene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an alleleChromosome mutation
Pieces of chromosomes may be rearranged during meiosis
8Tuesday, 22 November 11
Mutation
9Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual Reproduction
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Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinations
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinationsCrossing over - Recombination
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinationsCrossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a chromosome’s homologue
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinationsCrossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a chromosome’s homologueIncreases shuffling of allele combinations
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinationsCrossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a chromosome’s homologueIncreases shuffling of allele combinations
Mate Selection
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Sexual ReproductionProvides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic material into new combinationsCrossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a chromosome’s homologueIncreases shuffling of allele combinations
Mate SelectionDifferent combinations of genes will come together in the offspring depending on which two parents mate together
10Tuesday, 22 November 11
Meiosis
11Tuesday, 22 November 11
Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei (4.2.1)
11Tuesday, 22 November 11
Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei (4.2.1)For this topic, the important part is: crossing over
11Tuesday, 22 November 11
Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei (4.2.1)For this topic, the important part is: crossing overAt Prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis), and segments of the chromosome can be exchanged
11Tuesday, 22 November 11
Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei (4.2.1)For this topic, the important part is: crossing overAt Prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis), and segments of the chromosome can be exchangedImportant source of variation for the gene pool of a population
11Tuesday, 22 November 11
Watch this video!
GREAT video lesson about genetic variation:http://www.khanacademy.org/video/variation-in-a-species?playlist=Biology
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i-Biology Link
4.1 Presentationhttp://i-biology.net/?s=4.1
4.2 Presentationhttp://i-biology.net/?s=4.2
4.3 Presentationhttp://i-biology.net/?s=4.3
13Tuesday, 22 November 11
More exercises
For more exercises on this topic, look at these pages from the Biozone workbook.
Mutations: p. 197 - 8Meiosis: p. 185 - 8Genetic Variation: p. 181 - 2
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The End!15Tuesday, 22 November 11