11
t&yf jrifhjrifh cspf ol tcef; ( 1 ) tcsdef=udk;wef;pmar;yGJtNyD; yxrv ae&m=usL&Sif acgif;pOf=t&yfjrifhjrifh cspfol uRefawmfhemrnf rsKd;oufaemifvdkY ac:ygw,f/ tJ pmpDpmuHk;vdkrsm; jzpfaervm; rodbl;/ xm;ygawmh/ uRefawmfhrdom;pku omrefygyJ/ tazuawmh taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;uyg/ taru rlvwef;jyq&mr/ uRefawmfaewm rEÅav;rSm/ rEÅav;u t&if BBM ausmif;vdkYac:wJh txu(13)em;rSm/ tdrfeJY ausmif;eJY wpfjyyJ uGmw,f/ 0if;Mum;udk jzwfoGm;&if a&mufNyD/ uRefawmf ajymjyr,fh q,fausmfouf tawGUtêuH qdkwmu wjcm;r[kwfbl;/ q,fwef;ESpfutaMumif;ygyJ/ q,fwef;ESpftaMumif; ajymcsif&if udk;wef;ESpfukefwJhaeYu pajymjy&rSmaygh/ udk;wef;ESpfudk uRefawmfwdkY[m aysmf&TifpGm ukefvGefapcJhayr,fh q,fwef;ESpfuawmh aysmf&TifpGm ukefvGefzdkYqdkwm tawmfcufcJygw,f/ ESpfpwmeJY pmar;yGJBuD;twGuf êudwifjyifqifMu&w,f/ usL&SifawG? *dkufawG? abmf'gawG? pmusuf0dkif;awG yvlysHaewmygyJ/ txufESpfu q,fwef;awGuvnf; pmar;yGJeD;aevdkY uRrf;jyefae&wJhxJrSm atmufESpfu[mawGu ZGwfwufr,f? usufr,feJY ½IyfukefawmhwmygyJ/ usL&SifawGuvnf; &SdNyD;ausmif;om;awGudk atmifjrifa&; êud;yrf;&ovdk aemufa&mufvmwJh ausmif;om;opfawGudk yHkoGif;&wmeJY ydk'kufc a&muf&ygw,f/ 'DaeY udk;wef;pmar;yGJNyD;NyD qdkwmeJY eufjzefq,fwef;pm zwfae&r,fqdkwJh t,ltq&SdolawGxJrSm uRefawmfhrdbawGvnf ; ygwmayghAsm/ bmajymaumif;rvJ/ udk;wef;pmar;yGJNyD; aemuf&ufreuf[m tdyfvdkYtaumif;qHk;aeY jzpfvmr,fvdkY arQmfvifhcJhrdayr,fh reufudk (6) em&Davmuf vmEId;awmh Za0Z0gaygh/ bmvdkYvmEdI;wmvJ/ tdyfaumif;wkef;? tapmBuD;&Sdao;w,f/ bmnmaygh/ usL&SifoGm;r,f? x qdkwJh toHvnf;Mum;a&m/ rsufvHk;udk b,fvdkjyL;oGm;rSef;rodbl;/ reufapm (7) em&DavmufBuD; b,fusL&Sifrsm; wuf&rSmygvdrfhaygh/ 'DvdkeJY usL&Sifa&mufoGm;awmh udk,fhxuf 0D&d,aumif;wJh armifrif;BuD;om;rsm;udk awGUvdkufawmhrS NzHKoGm;wmyJ/ udk,feJYodwJholawGygovdk rodwJholawGvJyg&JU/ olwdkYu rESpfu udk;wef;rNyD;cifuwnf;u pwufaeMuwmqdkyJ/ vefoGm;wmyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh pmar;yGJNyD;NyD;csif; rem;&ao;vdkY ylnHylnHvkyfr,fvdkY BuHxm;wmawG MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufukefa&m/ odyfrMumcifrSmyJ usL&SifpawmhwmygyJ/ bmrSvnf;em;rvnf/ tdyfvnf; tdyfcsifaeawmh odyfNyD;roifvkduf&ygbl;/ wpfem&Davmufvnf;Muma&m tm;vHk; idkufukefa&m/ 'DawmhrS aMomf vufpowfawmh olwdkYawGvnf; ighvdkyJ 0D&d,aumif;Muyg vm;qdkNyD; enf;enf;pdwfcsrf;omoGm;w,f/ cPaeawmh pmar;yGJajzr,fhausmif;om;BuD;awG&JU pmusufoHMum;&w,f/ uRefawmfhpdwfxif Bio ausmif;om;awGxifw,f/ t*FvdyfvdkawGcsnf;yJ/ xm;ygawmh/ olwdkYawGuvnf; pmusufae/ uRefawmfwdkYudkvnf; q&mawGupmoifqdkawmh pnfawmhpnfum;aeygw,f/

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Page 1: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

t&yfjrifhjrifh cspfol

tcef; ( 1 )

tcsdef=udk;wef;pmar;yGJtNyD; yxrv

ae&m=usL&Sif

acgif;pOf=t&yfjrifhjrifh cspfol

uRefawmfhemrnf rsKd;oufaemifvdkY ac:ygw,f/ tJ pmpDpmuHk;vdkrsm; jzpfaervm; rodbl;/

xm;ygawmh/ uRefawmfhrdom;pku omrefygyJ/ tazuawmh taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;uyg/

taru rlvwef;jyq&mr/ uRefawmfaewm rEÃ…av;rSm/ rEÃ…av;u t&if BBM

ausmif;vdkYac:wJh txu(13)em;rSm/ tdrfeJY ausmif;eJY wpfjyyJ uGmw,f/ 0if;Mum;udk

jzwfoGm;&if a&mufNyD/

uRefawmf ajymjyr,fh q,fausmfouf tawGUtêuH qdkwmu wjcm;r[kwfbl;/

q,fwef;ESpfutaMumif;ygyJ/ q,fwef;ESpftaMumif; ajymcsif&if udk;wef;ESpfukefwJhaeYu

pajymjy&rSmaygh/ udk;wef;ESpfudk uRefawmfwdkY[m aysmf&TifpGm ukefvGefapcJhayr,fh

q,fwef;ESpfuawmh aysmf&TifpGm ukefvGefzdkYqdkwm tawmfcufcJygw,f/

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pmusuf0dkif;awG yvlysHaewmygyJ/ txufESpfu q,fwef;awGuvnf; pmar;yGJeD;aevdkY

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½IyfukefawmhwmygyJ/ usL&SifawGuvnf; &SdNyD;ausmif;om;awGudk atmifjrifa&;

êud;yrf;&ovdk aemufa&mufvmwJh ausmif;om;opfawGudk yHkoGif;&wmeJY ydk'kufc

a&muf&ygw,f/

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t,ltq&SdolawGxJrSm uRefawmfhrdbawGvnf; ygwmayghAsm/ bmajymaumif;rvJ/

udk;wef;pmar;yGJNyD; aemuf&ufreuf[m tdyfvdkYtaumif;qHk;aeY jzpfvmr,fvdkY

arQmfvifhcJhrdayr,fh reufudk (6) em&Davmuf vmEId;awmh Za0Z0gaygh/ bmvdkYvmEdI;wmvJ/

tdyfaumif;wkef;? tapmBuD;&Sdao;w,f/ bmnmaygh/ usL&SifoGm;r,f? x qdkwJh

toHvnf;Mum;a&m/ rsufvHk;udk b,fvdkjyL;oGm;rSef;rodbl;/

reufapm (7) em&DavmufBuD; b,fusL&Sifrsm; wuf&rSmygvdrfhaygh/ 'DvdkeJY

usL&Sifa&mufoGm;awmh udk,fhxuf 0D&d,aumif;wJh armifrif;BuD;om;rsm;udk awGUvdkufawmhrS

NzHKoGm;wmyJ/ udk,feJYodwJholawGygovdk rodwJholawGvJyg&JU/ olwdkYu rESpfu

udk;wef;rNyD;cifuwnf;u pwufaeMuwmqdkyJ/ vefoGm;wmyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh

pmar;yGJNyD;NyD;csif; rem;&ao;vdkY ylnHylnHvkyfr,fvdkY BuHxm;wmawG MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf

aysmufukefa&m/

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aMomf vufpowfawmh olwdkYawGvnf; ighvdkyJ 0D&d,aumif;Muyg vm;qdkNyD;

enf;enf;pdwfcsrf;omoGm;w,f/

cPaeawmh pmar;yGJajzr,fhausmif;om;BuD;awG&JU pmusufoHMum;&w,f/ uRefawmfhpdwfxif

Bio ausmif;om;awGxifw,f/ t*FvdyfvdkawGcsnf;yJ/ xm;ygawmh/ olwdkYawGuvnf;

pmusufae/ uRefawmfwdkYudkvnf; q&mawGupmoifqdkawmh pnfawmhpnfum;aeygw,f/

Page 2: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

usL&SifrSmu uRefawmhfoli,fcsif; aumifrav; ESpfa,mufeJY a,musfm;av;

wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ olwdkYeJYqdkawmh odyfawmh rqdk;vSygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tdyfa&;r0wJh'Pfudk

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uRefawmfhrsufpdxJ uRefawmfholi,fcsif; aumifrav;ESpfa,mufuvGJ&if

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wu,facsmovm;awmh rodbl;/ irf;vdkY aumif;wmawmh trSefygyJ/ [D;/

b,fa&mufoGm;ygvdrfh/

'gayr,fh tpqHk;aeYqdkawmh qifjcif&wmaygh/ yxr tdrf&Sifq&mru Chemistry oifygw,f/ aemufawmh ocsFm/ tJvkdeJY odyÜ HwGJawGoifoGm;? aeYvnfa&mufawmh

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pmusufaewJholtm;vHk; olrsm;txifBuD;atmif usufjyaewmyJvdkY/ tJvdk awG;NyD;

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uRefawmfwpfa,mufuvGJ&if vlwdkif;pmusufaeMuwmyguvm;/ uRefawmfvnf;

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aemufq&mvmawmhrSyJ q&mu renf;EdI;,l&w,f/ tJvdk pmBudK;pm;wm/

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wpfwef;pDjzpfoGm;a&m/ naecsdefuawmh t*Fvdyfyg/ jrefrmpmuawmh wpfywfrS pae?

we*FaEG ESpf&ufwnf;ygwmqdkawmh jyóem r&Sdbl;/ ppcsif;aeY tdrfjyefa&mufawmh nudk (

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tJovdkudk BudK;pm;wm/

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vQmxGufa&m/ usL&Sifpwufumpu pmawG[m uRefawmfhtwGuf tawmfcufygw,f/

t*Fvdyfvdkcsnf;qdkawmh tawmfudk em;vnfatmif BudK;pm;&ygw,f/ 'DMum;xJ Physics q&mu pmar;yGJppf&if t&rf;udkpdwfnpfygw,f/ oluvnf; wpfcef;NyD;&if

wpfcgppfygw,f/ ( 75 ) rSwfatmuf avsmh&if wpfcsuf t&dkufcH&ygw,f/ ( 60 )

atmuf avsmh&if ESpfcsuf t&dkufcH&ygw,f/ ( 50 ) atmuf avsmh&if oHk;csuf &dkufygw,f/

( 40 ) atmufqdk&ifawmh ig;csufygAs/ ajzajzcsif; uRefawmfu ( 49 ) rSwfqdkawmh

b,fEScsufvnf; pOf;pm;om MunfhygawmhAsm/ olYvufoHuvnf; wpfcsufqdkwpfcsuf

csKdNrdefwmqdkawmh tdrfa&mufa&mufcsif; zifudk y&kwfqDvl;rvm; pOf;pm;ygw,f/ tdrfu

odNyD; xyftETmcH&wmeJY aygif;NyD; aemuf&if xdkifcHkay: 'Dwdkif;rxkdifEdkifvdkY

Page 3: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

zHkav;,loGm;&w,f/ wpfcgwnf;eJY rSwfua&m/

tJvdk tMurf;enf;oHk;wJh q&mawG&Sdovdk tEkenf;oHk;wJhq&mawGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ tdrf&Sif

Chemistry q&mruvnf; apmapmu q&mvdkyJ pmar;yGJ ppfygw,f/ oluawmhwpfrsKd;/

wpfvHk;rSm;&if wpfaMumif;vHk;udk q,fcga&;cdkif;ygw,f/ yxrqHk;wpfacgufajzwkef;uqdk

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uRefawmf[m usL&SifrSm trSm;tenf;qHk; ( 10 ) vHk;eJY atmifjrifpGm trSm;jyifcJh&ygw,f/

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usL&SifygyJ/ usL&Sifwufae&muae wpfywfavmufvJMuma&m ESvHk;om;jyóemu pwifygava&m/

uRefawmf udk;wef;wkef;u aumifrav;wpfa,mufudk awmfawmfav; BudKufcJhbl;ygw,f/

zGifhawmh rajymbl;ygbl;/ tJ q,fwef;vJa&mufa&m arhoGm;a&m/ arhwmuvnf;

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Page 4: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

ta': tNydKBuD; tJav tysKdBuD;awGu rsufpda'gufaxmuf MunfhaeMuwm/ odoGm;&if

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BudKufw,fvdkY xifukefMuw,f/ pdk;pdk;rmrSmu bJ&Sdw,f ( csufpm;p&m r[kwfyg ) / tJ

olYbJuvnf; uRefawmf olYaqmfudk 0dkufw,fxifvdkY jyóem vmvkyfygw,f/

awmfao;w,f/ pdk;pdk;rm a&mufwmjrefayvdkYaygh/ r[kwf&if tdrfudk ywfwD;eJY jyefae&rSm/

'DMum;xJ uRefawmfholi,fcsif; aumifrav;awGu warSmifh/ olwkdYu uRefawmfeJY pdk;pdk;rmeJY

oabmrwlbl;wJh/ tdrfudkwkdifr,fqdkvdkY renf;tmaygufatmif &Sif;jyvdkuf&w,f/

tJ'Dawmhwpfcg jyóemu olwdkYvnf; atmifoG,fay;r,fqdkNyD; aumifrav;awGu

usL&SifwpfckvHk; armif;cwfygava&m/ uRefawmfhaumifrav;uawmh &SufvdkYbmrSrajymayr,fh

uRefawmfuawmh rsufESmvnf;yl? olYudkvnf; tm;em? [dkcsmwdwfrawGvnf; rEdkifeJY

csmvywfudk vnfaewmygyJ/

tm;vHk;vnf; odukefa&m aumifrav;uajymw,f/ aemuf&ufawG rkefY0,frvmygeJYawmhwJh/

olu uRefawmfholi,fcsif; aumifrav;awG ajymjyvdkYodNyD;NyDwJh/ bmudkodwmvJawmh

rodygbl;/ aemuf&ufawG olrkefYoGm;pm;NyD; jyefvm&if rkefYxkyfuav;awG ygvmw,f/

uRefawmfzdkYwJh/ oli,fcsif; aumifrav;awGudk em;&if;yJ wD;&rvm;/ xdkifyJ

uefawmh&rvm;awmif rodawmhygbl;/

aemufwpfvrSm usL&Sifausmif;om;opfawG a&mufvmw,f/ q,fwef;ajzNyD;om;

pDeD,mBuD;awGuvnf; q&mrqD vmjyefulnDMuw,f/ olwdkYu wcsdefvHk;

rsufpda'gufaxmuf Munfhaeawmh t&ifvdk MunfEl;csdefr&awmhbl;/ t&m&mwkdif;udk

owd0D&d,eJY aeMu&w,f/ tJ'DrSm aumifrav;a&m uRefawmfa&m ESpfa,mufvHk;

aoG;at;oGm;NyD; aemufydkif; odyfNyD;awmhawmif pum;rajymjzpfawmhygbl;/

Page 5: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

tcef; ( 2 )

tcsdef=oBuFefumv rwdkifrD

ae&m=usL&Sif

acgif;pOf=rMuif&wJh xkdb0

tJ usL&SifrSm wpfvvHk;vHk; wufcJhvdkY usL&Sif&JUtxmawG aemausaeNyDvdkYawmh rrSwfygeJY/

jyóem wufwkef;ygyJ/ usL&Sifqdkayr,fh q&mwpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muftul; tm;aecsdeffrSm

tvum;rae&ygbl;/ pmusufcdkif;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYusL&Sif vmtyfxm;wJholawGu

aq;ausmif; rSef;wJholeJY/ ppf-aq; rSef;wJholeJY/ olY[meJYolawmh tvmBuD;awG csnf;ygyJ/

uRefawmfwpfa,mufyJ jzpfcsif&mjzpfqdkNyD; vmwmyg/ usL&SifrSm&SdwJh pDeD,mBuD;

oHk;a,mufxJu wpfa,mufuvnf; aq;ausmif; aocsmaygufqdkyJ/ oluawmh aemufydkif;

wu,f q&m0ef jzpfoGm;ygw,f/

usL&SifrSm &SdwJholwdkif;vdkvdk tm;ae&if pmusufMuygw,f/ uRefawmfuvGJ&ifaygh/

uRefawmfuawmh tm;ae&if idkufygw,f/ {NyDvuvnf; ylpjyKvmygNyD/ tJ'Dawmh

uRefawmftwGufawmh yifyef;wJhvBuD;ygyJ/ tJ'DxJ tdrf&Sifq&mru tm;wJhtcsdef? q&m

rvmwJhtcsdefawGrSm jrefrmpm cufqpfawG vmjyef&r,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ ]rif;wdkYawG

aocsmusufMu? NyD;&if [dkaumifawGqD oGm;jyefMu/ jyefNyD;wJholawG tvHk; 100 jynfh&if

tvGwfa&;&r,f}/ wu,fawmh olY&JUbmom Chemistry eJY jrefrmpmeJYu wjcm;pDygyJ/

'gayr,fh olu tusufoefwmqdkawmh pmyJ usufcdkif;aeawmhwmygyJ/ aEG&moDeJY

jrefrmpmuawmh vifr,m;vdkygyJ/

usL&SifrSm jzLESif;oefYav;eJY t&ifvdk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf rawGU&vdkY tjyifrSmawGUzdkYBuHjyefawmh

jyóem wpfcku oleJYuRefawmfoGm;wJh vufbuf&nfqdkifrSm pDeD,mwpfa,muf

tNrJwrf;&Sdaewwfw,f/ NyD; aemufwpfcku usL&Sif&JU tdrf&Sifq&mru a,musfm;av;awGeJY

aumifrav;awG a&mwmrBudKufbl;/ olu tysKdBuD;qdkawmh olrsm;awGudkvnf; olYvdkyJ

jzpfapcsifrSmaygh/ olYtpfudkBuD;uvnf; vlysKdBuD;As/ olYtpfudkBuD;eJY &if;ESD;wJh

ausmif;om;wpfa,mufudk uRefawmfwdkYu 0dkif;aemufw,f/ ]bdk;awmf&JU tcef;xJ

rif;0if&Jvm;}? ]0if&Jwmaygh? bmvdkYr0if&J&rSmvJ}? ]0ifbl;vm;}? ]0ifbl;wmrS cPcPyJ?

bmvkyfrvdkYvJ}? ]tm;? 'gqdk rif;b0qHk;NyDaygh}? oaumifhom;u tlvnfvnfeJY ]bmvdkY

qHk;&rSmvJ}? ][? olu tJ'D tcef;xJaevdkY rdef;r r&wm rif;uyg 0ifawmh rif;vnf; rdef;r

r&awmhbl;aygh? NyD;awmh olu vlysKdBuD;qdkawmh rif;wdkYESpfa,muf} tJ'Daumifvnf;

uRefawmfwdkYudk vdkufxdk;ygava&m/ vufoD;eJYaemf/

wcg tjyifoGm;&if q&mru rdef;uav;awGudk a,musfm;av;awGeJY toGm;rcHbl;/

uRefawmfh oli,fcsif; aumifrav;awGeJY uRefawmfoGm;wmawmif r&bl;/ 'gawmif

usL&Siftyfwkef;u wlwl tyfxm;wmaemf/ BudKufbl;As/ tJ'Dawmh t&m&m vkyf&udkif&

cufcJwmaygh/ MunfEl;csdefawG ukefa&mAsm/ q,fwef;ausmif;om;rSmvnf; tonf;eJYygyJ/

cspfwwfygw,f/ aemufxl;qef;wJh jyóemu wjcm;[mr[kwfbl;/ t*Fvdyfpmq&meJYAs/

uRefawmfu tJ'Dq&mcsdefrSm a&SUqHk;wef; oleJYuyfvsufrSm wpfa,mufwnf;/ tJ uRefawmfh

aumifrav;u tJ'Dq&meJY tap;ruyfvdkY rwufbl;/ tJ'Dtcsdefqdk usefwJhaumifawGu

aemufqkwfajy;MuvdkY uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf; usefcJhwm/ tJ'Dq&mu wpfrsKd;/

Page 6: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

olvmwmu aemufqHk;tcsdef ( 6 ; 30 ) uae ( 8 ; 00 ) xd/ olvm&if AdkufqmvdkY

qdkvdkY rkefYu 0,fauR;&ao;w,f/ olYtaMumif;odwJh olawGajymawmh t&if emrnfBuD;

a'gufwmwpfa,muf&JU om;vdkY ajymw,f/ [kwfvm;awmh odbl;/ ar;rMunfhrdbl;/

jyóemu b,fupvnf;qdkawmh tJ'DaeYu uRefawmfhaemufu oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu

[mowpfckajymawmh uRefawmfu oleJYvSnfhajym&if; &,fMua&m/ tJ uRefawmfvSnfhNyD;

&,fawmh aemufjyefvSnfhvdkY r&vdkY wapmif;vSnfh&yga&m/ uRefawmfuvnf;

aemufjyefvSnfh&if Zufanmif;rSm pdk;vdkY ab;wkdufyJ wpfapmif;xdkifaevdkufw,f/ tJ'DaeYu

[moawG ajymaewmqdkawmh jyóemr&Sdavmufygbl;qdkNyD; aewmayghAsm/ jyóemu

uRefawmfvSnfhaewJhbufAs/ tJ'DbufrSm rdef;uav;wef;&Sdawmh uRefawmfu

rdef;uav;wef;buf vSnfhaeovdk jzpfoGm;w,f/ uRefawmfuawmh owdvnf;

xm;rdaygifAsm/ uRefawmfh aumifrav;uvGJ&if usL&SifrSmuvnf; BudKufp&mrS r&Sdawmhwm/

b,fowdxm;rdrSmvJ/

tJovdkvSnfhvdkYqdkNyD; bdk;awmfu uRefawmfhudk aemufqHk;wef;udk ydkYvdkufa&m/ usyfnyfaewJh

twef;a&mufoGm;a&m qdkygawmh/ usefwJholawG r&dyfrdayr,fh uRefawmfuawmh

wef;&dyfrdvdkufw,f/ 'gaMumifh Nidrfaevkdufa&m/ tJ usL&SifrSmu a,musfm;av;awGxJrSm

uRefawmfheJY uRefawmfholi,fcsif;uvGJ&if usefwmu olwynfhawGcsnf;yJ/ &Spfwef;ESpfupNyD;

ESpfwdkif;oifvmwm qdkkygawmh/ tJ'Dawmh olrMunfwm uRefawmfeJY uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;

ESpfa,mufyJ&Sdwm/ tJ'DxJurS uRefawmfholi,fcsif; oaumifhom;uvnf; oleJY

wpfa,mufausmfu vludk aywHvSrf;ay;wm tv,fuaumif&JU *kwfay: wifay;xm;a&m/

aywHtv,frSmuvnf; bmudkvnf;rodbl; uyfxm;wm/ tJ'gudk bkd;awmfu jrifoGm;NyD;

trIdufwifNyD; aqmhvdkYqkdNyD;qJa&m/ &dkufawmhr&dkufygbl;/ tJ'DrSm apmapmu

uRefawmfudpöyg ajyma&m/

]rif;u a,musfm;yJ/ rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk tJ'Davmufirf;p&mvm;/ a,musfm;qdkwm

tdajE´eJY ae&w,fuG/ rif;[mu ckvljrifvdkYawmif raumif;bl;/ rif;tJoavmuf

rdef;rvdkcsifae&if oGm;? ighusL&SifvmrwufeJY/ q,fwef;vnf; ajzraeeJY/ rdef;roGm;,lacs/

tvum;aumif} bmnmqdkNyD; qJqdkvdkufawmh uRefawmfrSm jyefajym&cuf? rajym&cuf/

tJ'Dq&mu vlMunfhawmh acwfrDoa,mifa,mifeJY/ wu,fh uGefqmaA;wpfBuD;/

cH&cufwmu olajymwmeJY uRefawmfjzpfaewmu bmrS qkdifbl;/ NyD; pGyfpGJwmuvnf;

uRefawmfoli,fcsif; aumifrav;eJY/ enf;enf;awmh cHjyif;wmaygh/ b,fvdkBuD;rSef;vJ

rodbl;/ tDvnfvnfBuD;/ aemuf NyD; uRefawmfhudk aemuf&uf rdbac: vm&r,f?

bmnmeJYaygh/ ac: ygbl;/ b,f&rSmvJ/ ac: cJh&vnf; jyóemr[kwfaygif/

tJ'Daumifrav;awGeJYu i,fi,fuwnf;u ycHk;zufaygif;vmwmqdkawmh olwdkYeJYqdkvdkYuawmh

tdrfu eJAm;rdkif;yJ/ wjcm;oleJYomqdk ,Hkcsif,Hkr,f/ tJ'gawGawmh rBudKufrSef; tdrfuvnf;

odNyD;om;/ tJ olwdkYu acsmawmh acsmygw,f/ 'gayr,fh oli,fcsif; csif; uRefawmfu

rcHpm;wwfrSef; tdrfu odNyD;om;/ uRefawmf b,favmufZDZmaMumifrSef;

tdrfuvnf;odw,f/ cufwmu vlBuD;awGu jyóemr[kwfbJ q&mru jyóemjzpfaew,f/

tdrf&Sifq&mru tJ'Dq&mudk az;A&dwfjzpfaeawmh jyóem jzpfa&m/ uRefawmfvnf; 0geif;

tay;cH&w,f/

awmfao;wmu bGm;awmfu uRefawmfeJY jzLESif;oefYav; taMumif;udk rodvdkY/

odrsm;omodoGm;&if rawG; 0Hhp&mbJ/ wpfcg usL&Sifu aumifawGvnf; rodao;wm

uHaumif;w,f/ uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;u vGJ&ifaygh/ [dkt*Fvdyfq&mu uRefawmfeJY

uRefawmfholi,fcsif;udk ETmcsifwm taMumif;&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY ESpfa,mufuvGJ&if

Page 7: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

usefwmu olYwynfhawGcsnf;yJ/ rdef;uav;awGawmh rygbl;/ usL&SifrSmu

pmawmfwmuvnf; a,musfm;av;xJu uRefawmfwdkY ESpfa,mufyJ&Sdwm/ tJ'Dawmh

enf;enf;rsufpdpyg;arT;pl;wmaygh/ 'gawmif a,musfm;av;awGxJrSm zGcsifwm

wpfa,muf&Sdao;w,f/ olYudkvnf; ywfa&Smif&ao;w,f/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkY&JU

tcspfZmwfvrf;BuD;[m rvG,fa&;cs rvG,faMumif;yg/ aemufydkif; r&&atmif BudK;pm;&w,f/

'gayr,fhAsm b,fawmhauseyfrvJ/ tm;r&bl;/ udk,fhcspfoludk aocsmawmif

pdkufrMunfh&JwJhb0 w,fqdk;oAsm/

'DvdkeJY oBuFefrwdkifcifrSm bmrS vIyf&Sm;vdkYr&wJh b0udk tqkHk;owfEdkifzkdY oBuFefudk

arQmfaerdw,f/ oBuFefwGif;usrS cspfoleJYtjywfuJr,fayghAsm/ b,f&rvJ/ rsKd;oufaemifwJh/

OmPfeDOmPfeuf tukefxGufw,f/ tBuHqdk;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmudk OD;aESmufuae tvdkvdk

xkwfEdkifw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; uHqdk;yHkrsm;uawmh tdrfu trdefYcsvdkufyHku 'DESpfoBuFef &dyfom

0if&r,fwJhAsm/ pdwfnpfcsufuawmh ajymraeeJY/ b,fvdknpfoGm;rSef; rodygbl;/ cJavorQ

oJa&usygayghAsm/ oBuFefwGif; aysmfzdkY &nf&G,fxm;wm ckawmh &dyfomrSm

b,fvdkESpfyg;oGm;&rvJ/ rodygbl;Asm/ &wJhtcsdef olYudk ajymawmh aumif;ygw,fwJh/

q,fwef;rajzcif ukodkvfvkyfNyD;om; jzpfwmayghwJh/ aoa&m/ 'gayr,fh olvnf;

pdwfraumif;jzpfaeyHkygyJ/ oluvnf; rvnfawmhbl;wJh/ pmyJ BudK;pm;usufaer,fwJh/

oBuFefwGif; Oykofapmifhr,f/ bmnmayghAsm/ [kwfr[kwfawmh uRefawmfvnf;rodbl;/

'DvdkeJY oBuFefra&mufcif bmomwdkif; pmar;yGJppfawmh jzLESif;oefYu twef;xJrSm

trSwftrsm;qHk;&w,f/ uRefawmfuawmh 2bmomyJatmifw,f/ atmifwJh 2bmomu

tqef;/ jrefrmpmeJY ocsFmwJh/ b,fvdkatmifoGm;rSef;awmh rodygbl;/ uRefawmfh

jrefrmpmvufa&;u pkwfjywfaewmyJ/ ocsFmuawmh e*dkuwnf;u 0goemygwmqdkawmh

jyóemr&Sdygbl;/ tJ'Datmifpm&if;BuD;udk tdrfuodoGm;wJhtcgrSmawmh &SdorQ

xGufayguftm;vHk; ydwfcHvdkuf&ygawmhw,f/

tcef; ( 3 )

ae&m=&dyfom

tcsdef=oBuFefwGif;

acgif;pOf=pHjyyk*¾dKvf

aemufrMumcif oBuFefusygw,f/ oBuFefwGif; twGufusL&Sif q,f&uf ydwfay;ygw,f/

tJ'gudku raumif;wm/ q,f&ufom rydwfay;&if uRefawmfvnf; &dyfom0if&rSm

r[kwfygbl;/ ckawmh/ tif; xm;ygawmhaygh/ &dyfom 0ifawmh yxraeYawmh

[kwfrvdkvdkygyJ/ tJ uHqdk;pGmyJ/ 'kwd,aeYupNyD; idkufygawmhw,f/ &dyfom emrnfudk

iJhnSmaomtm;jzifh b,frSm 0ifw,fawmh rajymawmhygbl;/ odkYaomfvnf; idkuf&if

aemufuae wkwfeJYvmNyD; wdkYw,fAs/ aumif;aumif;idkufvdkYr&bl;/ w&m;jyNyD;&if

w&m;rSwf&w,f/ w&m;rSwfcsdef[m uRefawmf idkufcsdefyJ/ tm;&yg;&udk idkufavh&Sdw,f/

aemufqHk;w&m;jywJh q&mawGudk,fwkdif wcsdefvHk;ab;u xkdifapmifhaeawmhrSyJ

ridkufjzpfawmhwm/

wcg&dyfomrSm udk,fhudk enf;ay;vrf;jy vkyfwJholu &dSao;w,f/ 'Dvkdyg/ &dyfomu

{nfhawGYcsdefu reufwpfBudrf? naewpfBudrf&Sdygw,f/ &dyfom0ifwmu aumifrav;yg/

Page 8: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

tJ'Daumifrav;udk aumifav;wpfa,mufu tNrJvdkvdk vmawGUygw,f/

aumifrav;tdrfuvnf; wpf&ufwpfav vmawGUygw,f/ oBuFefNyD; ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYus

tJ'Daumifrav; &dyfomuae aysmufoGm;ygava&m/ aemufrSod&wmu vmvmawGUaewJh

aumifav;u olY&nf;pm;wJh/ aumifrav; tdrfu tJ'Daumifav;eJY avQmufvnfrSmpdk;vdkY

qkdNyD; &dyfomydkYvkdufwm/ ckwcgwnf; {nfhonf a,mifaqmifNyD; ckd;&m

vkdufoGm;awmhwmygyJwJh/ aumif;a&m/ &dyfomvnf; emrnfysufa&m/ uRefawmfwdkYawmif

NyD;atmifqufr0if&bJ &dyfomydwfvdkufygw,f/ uHrsm;qdk;csifawmh aumifrav;u

ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYrS ckd;&mvdkufawmh uRefawmfwdkY oBuFefrvnfvkduf&bl;aygh/

wpf&ufyJjzpfjzpf enf;enf;av;om apmvdkuf&if twufaeY vnfcsifvnf&OD;rSm/ ckawmh/

aemufESpf tJ'D&dyfom jyefzGifhawmh rdef;uav;awGudk a,musfm;av; {nfhonf ay;rawGUovkd

&dyfomuae tjyifrajymeJY owfrSwf{&d,m tjyifudk txGufrcHawmhygbl;/ uHaumif;wmu

&dyfom xyfr0ifjzpfawmhwmygyJ/ r[kwf&if uRefawmf ysif;NyD; ao&vdrfhr,f/ bmrSvkyfp&mrS

r&Sdwm/ uRefawmfu enf;enf;rS tNidrfaeEdkifwmrS r[kwfwm/ 'Dawmh &dyfomqdk aemuf

a0gifa0gifa&S; a0;a0;a&SmifygyJ/

tcef; ( 4 )

ae&m=usL&Sif

tcsdef=oBuFefNyD; ausmif;rzGifhrD

acgif;pOf=tdrfaxmifwpfck\ tp

oBuFefNyD; ausmif;rzGifhrDumv[m uRefawmfwdkY&JU i&JcHumvygyJ/ aEG&moDrSm Course wpfcgjywfEdkifatmif q&mawGuvnf; tm;xnfhNyD;oifygw,f/ aEG&moD aeuvnf;

cspfcspfawmuf ylygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYuvnf; tm;&yg;& idkufMuygw,f/ 'Dwpfacgufawmh

uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf;wif r[kwfawmhbJ wpfwef;vHk; idkufMuwmyg/

bmajymaumif;rvJ/ aeYvnf 12 ausmfwmeJY tm;&yg;&udk idkufMuawmhwmygyJ/ q&mawGu

a&SUuoifcsif&moif/ uRefawmfwdkYu aemufuae idkufcsifovkdidkuf/ tqifudk ajyvdkY/

NyD;aeYcif;oifwmu Bio eJY jrefrmpmqdkawmh oifvkdufwmeJY wef;idkufawmhwmygyJ/

aemufqHk; b,fvkdjzpfovJqdkawmh tJ'D q&mrESpfa,muf jrifwmeJYudk tvkdvdk

idkufcsifvmwJhtxdqdkygawmh/

olrsm;awG idkufaecsdefrSm uRefawmfeJY jzLESif;oefUu wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf rodrom

pMuygw,f/ aemufuae apmifhMunfhaewJh *dkufrsm;udkvnf; owdxm; &ygao;w,f/

tdrf&Sif q&mrcsdefuawmh idkufcsdefr&ygbl;/ olu wpfcsdefvHk;vdkvdk Budrf;armif;aeawmh

tvkdvdkudk rsufpdu us,faeygw,f/ reufcif;vnf; reufcif;qdkawmh ydkNyD;

us,faewmaygh/

uRefawmfoli,fcsif; atmifrsKd;xGef;u tdrf&Sif q&mreJY tawmf &if;ESD;ygw,f/ olu

tJ'Dq&mrtdrfrSmyJ aeYvnf a&rdk;csKd;? t0wfvJNyD; aeygw,f/ nusrS olYtazu vmjyefac:

ygw,f/ olwdkYtdrfu awmfawmfav; a0;ygw,f/ [dkvlysKdBuD;tcef;xJ

0ifwJhwpfa,mufuvnf; tJ'DvdkyJaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'Dwpfa,mufuawmh ra0;ygbl;/

q&mr trdefYeJYvmae&wmyg/ olwdkYuvGJ&if usefwJholawGu tdrfjyefMu ygw,f/ uRefawmf

tygt0ifaygh/ olwkdYt0wfvJcef;tjzpf pmoif0cef;udkwufwJh avSum;xdyfu

Page 9: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

tcef;udkay;xm;ygw,f/ wHcg;ygw,f/ tJ'Dae&muae pmoifcef;udk vSrf;jrifEdkifygw,f/

q&mawG pmoifae&if *dkufoHk;a,mufu tJ'Dtcef;xJrSm aeygw,f/ wHcg;awmh zGifhxm;NyD;

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Page 11: အရပ္ျမင့္ျမင့္ခ်စ္သူ

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