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Presentation by Andile Ngcaba

21-22 September 2016

© CONVERGENCE PARTNERS | 2

2


Convergence Partners Investments

Exited


Venture Capital (4Di Capital Fund)

Private Equity

Mozambique

DIGITAL GOVERNANCE




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The Goal of The Cortex Hub is…

…to create a society of entrepreneurs who are able to

leverage technology in order to solve societal problems.

Cyber Security

Carbanak Cyber gang stole $1 billion dollars in 2013 and

2014

Cyber Gangs, Criminals and Cyber Espionage groups


• Equation Cyber- Espionage Group

• Desert Falcon - Arabic Group

• Animal Farm Group

• People from Cyphort, [G- DATA and ESET published a blog on

Bunny, Dino and Babar. These are TrojansTafacalou [French

Romance coded]

• The Duke Family - Mini Duke, Cosmic Duke, Onion Duke

• The Cozy Duke APT also known as Cozy bear, Cozy-Cat, office

monkey

• Naikon APT

• Hellsing APT group (Cyber Espionage Group )

• Grabit Cyber Espionage Campaign

• Wild Neuron (Jripbot and Morpho)

• Winnti is a Chinese Cyber Criminal group

• Blue Termite is Japanese cyber Espionage Group

Examples of cyber groups operating online

Human Identity

Quantified Self Ideology: Personal Data becomes Big Data

Create and Register new Identities for Humanoids

Secrets of The Dark Web

Libertarianism Ideology is growing on the Dark Web while Democracy is in Crisis because of Institutional Corruption and Civil Data Mass Surveillance by the

Democratic State

Cyber Warfare


Scatter

Onion

Cryakl

Snocry

Crytodef

Rakhni

Crypmod

Shade

Mor

Crypren

Trojan Family

Malware library,

Attack Maps [Building a National

Defence strategy and Platform]


Weaponized Malware type

Duqu (weaponized malware) is the step brother of Stuxnet (Stuxnet was used in Nuclear Plant in Iran)

There is now Duqu 2.0

Zero-day vulnerabilities in Windows kernel # Dark hotel APT

SIMDA Botnet was taken down

CoinVolt Ransomware attack

E-Sports CyclingE-SportsRugby

Sports is a metaphor for military – We all want to winHumans cannot run away from their core, winning, triumph, fighting, settling scores and gaining advantage.

E-Sports

Competitive Programming

Facebook Hacker Cup

Winners

Belarus 2015, 2014

Poland 2013, 2012,

2011

Code Jam Winners

Russia 2015, 2014,

2013, 2012

China 2011, 2010

ICPC Winners

Russia 2015, 2014,

2013, 2012

China 2011, 2010


Africa has not moved fast enough in the deployment of 4th generation wirelesstechnologiesThis is due to a legislative, regulatory and policy bureaucracy and regular changes atministerial level.If Africa is to achieve real broadband in the 3rd decade of the 21st century (2020 -2030),we need to throw our hat in the 5th generation debate.

The global debate has started


Detailed timeline and process for IMT-2020 in ITU-R

Source: ITU

The framework of standards for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), encompassing IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced, spans the 3G and 4G industry perspectives and will continue to evolve as 5G with IMT-2020.


• Actively involved in the 5G working groups and driving the technology standards tobe adopted.

• Initial frequency tested is 15GHz - no consensus on this yet.• Competing interest and various ITU regions are arguing for different frequency

ranges.• The chip manufactures also involved in 5th generation research work are trying to

influence what is in their best interest.• Machine to machine or IoT is seen as integral part of 5G roadmap.• Africa - same ITU region as Europe - Important for us to influence the future of 5G

otherwise Europe will look at what is in their best interest and may not be in that ofAfrica.

• The characteristics of weather, terrain and population density of Africa is verydifferent from Europe. Similarly power requirements for devices and base stations(RAN, Software layer and Antennae System) or access points will be different.

• It is based on these differences that we need a sit at the table as an African team.• By 2020 - 1 billion mobile devices in the hands of Africans. This is a huge market• Let us not sit back and allow these decisions to be made on our behalf.


Policy environment

Ministers of Communications 2005 - 2015

Country # Elections # of ministers

South Africa 2 6

Nigeria 2 3

Kenya 3 3

Ghana 2 5

Mozambique 2 2


IEEE 802.11 Revisions

802.11

-2003

802.11

-2012

11w

Management

Frame

SecurityIEEE

Std

802.11

-1999

MAC

&

PHY

MAC11k

RRM

11r

Fast Roam

11a

54 Mbps

5GHz

11b

11 Mbps

2.4GHz

11d

Intl roaming

11v

Network

Management

11s

Mesh

11u

WIEN

11y

Contention

Based

Protocol

11n

High

Throughput

(>100 Mbps)

11z

TDLS

11p

WAVE

802.11

-2016 (TBC)802.11

-2007

11g

54 Mbps

2.4GHz

11e

QoS

11i

Security

11h

DFS & TPC

11j

JP bands

11f

Inter AP

11aa

Video Transport

11ae

QoS Mgt Frames

11ac -VHT

>1 Gbps @ 5GHz

11ad - VHT

>1 Gbps @ 60GHz

11af

TV Whitespace


IEEE 802.11 Standards Pipeline

802.11-2016

MAC & PHY

SponsorBallot

MAC

Study groups

PublishedStandardWG

Letter Ballot

802.11acVHT 5GHz

TG without Approved draft

Discussion Topics

PublishedAmendment

802.11afTVWS

802.11aiFILS

802.11 ah< 1Ghz

WNG

802.11aeQoS Mgt Frames

802.11adVHT 60 GHz

802.11AQPAD

802.11ajCMMW

802.11AKGLK

802.11axHEW

NG60

802.11aaVideo Transport

802.11-2012NGP


Licence-Exempt Radio Frequency Bands

Frequency Band Type of Device Maximum Power

2400 2483.5 MHz Wideband Wireless Systems. /

WLAN

100 mW eirp

5150 – 5350 MHz Hiperlan: indoor use only 200 mW eirp

5470 – 5725 MHz Wireless Access Systems /

Radio Local Access

Network (WAS & RLAN)

1 W eirp

5725 – 5850 MHz Broadband

Fixed Wireless

Access (BFWA)

4 W eirp

17.1 – 17.3 GHz Hiperlan 100 mW eirp

24.00 – 24.25 GHz Non-specific SRD 100 mW eirp

57 – 64 GHz

(PROPOSED)

Multi gigabit wireless systems 40dBm e.i.r.p


5G High Band Spectrum for Study at WRC-19

24,25 – 27,5GHz *31,8 – 33,4 GHz 37,0 – 40.5 GHz *40,5 – 42,5 Ghz

42,5 – 43,5 GHz 45,5 – 47 GHz *47 – 47,2 GHz 47,2 – 50,2 GHZ

50,4 – 52,6 GHz 66 – 76 GHz 81 – 86 GHz

11 BANDS11 BANDS


Consensus of new frequency ranges for IMT is difficultOverview of bands under consideration and allocated at ITU’s WRC-15

470 – 694 MHz1 ��

694 – 790 MHz2

1350 – 1400 MHz ��

1427 – 1452 MHz3 ��

1452 – 1492 MHz3 ��

1492 – 1518 MHz3 ��

1518 – 1525 MHz

1695 – 1710 MHz

2700 – 2900 MHz ��

3300 – 3400 MHz

3400 – 3600 Mhz4 ��

3600 – 3700 MHz4 ��

3700 – 3800 MHz4 ��

3800 – 4200 MHz4 ��

4400 – 4500 MHz

4500 – 4800 MHz

4800 – 4990 MHz

5350 – 5470 MHz

5725 – 5850 MHz

5925 – 6425 MHz

�� - Frequency ranges recommended by GSMA New frequency ranges allocated for IMT

Relatively little additional spectrum allocated to IMT


The second digital dividend

• Africa will need spectrum below 694 MHz - African continent being 30 million squarekm of surface area.

• Lower frequencies have characteristics that work very well in rural and remote areas ofthe African continent.

• If we are unable to use this spectrum range, infrastructure deployment costs will beexorbitant and uneconomical.

• In contrast, Europe on the other hand want to use this spectrum for broadcastingservices - They are more interested in higher

• Strengthening the case for this lower frequency for 5G services will be one of the tasksof 5G WG-Africa.

• In terms of organizational structure, 5G WG-Africa will have country chapters with asimilar configuration and work plan to be followed.

• The profile of the group must be elevated – To be able to influence and convincelegislators, policy makers and regulators.

• Work with other international and regional groups.• Follow the debates and processes.


High value spectrum


Unless Africa develops web based technologies we will remain consumers of other continent’s services.

There is only one way of developing our own content platform and that is for MNOs and other ecosystem players to cooperate.

The role of ccTLDs, gTLDs, ICANN and AFRINIC is very important if we want to grow our digital economy.

The 5G Working Group will also need to develop a clear strategy on how MNOs, Internet and the electronic commerce community can play a role in this very important part of the eco system.

There are three key parts of this online

ecosystem, which includes:

• Developing a website ;

• Hosting a website; and

• Connecting your site with all

relevant social media platforms


Creating the connectivity for connecting virtually anything anywhere

5G will enhance existing and expand to new use cases



Wi-Fi and

UMTS-2020

(5G) will work

together in

driving 5th

generation

technologies




Not just a new generation but a new

kind of network

Connecting

new industries and devices

Enabling

new services

Empowering

new users and experience

The Way Forward

• 5G National Working Group should be

established as Continental structure.

• Develop a charter for the 5G Africa

group.

• The group will be lead by the private

sector.

• A budget will be prepared

• The main objective is for the 5G WG to

join the global forum dealing with this

technology.

• The research team and research material

• Annual 5G Africa Summit

• 5G Africa Group - Public Private Sector

Partner Summit - regulatory and policy

issues will be discussed

BUIDLING SMART CITIES


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Smart Electricity / Water


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“Leningrad regional power supply

company (LOESK) has announced

plans to equip its facilities with

400 thousand electricity meters

supporting the LoRaWAN long

range, low power wireless

communication protocol.” -

LACE.io

Vector-300Electricity Meter (LoRa-enabled)

Vector-100Electricity Meter (LoRa-enabled)



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Most international water meter brands incorporate our support smart metering

Training, Mentorship, Incubation and Acceleration –

The Cortex Hub will partner with A-Labs to participate and win in

Hackathons, E-Sports and solving complex scientific problems.

Global Competitions are becoming businesses in their own right.

THANK YOU

Technology

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