AASW6: Usaid supported wheat project in ethiopia

Rapid deployment of high yielding and rust resistant wheat varieties for achieving

food security in Ethiopia

Abebe Atilaw (Dr.)6th Africa Agricultural Science week and

FARA workshop15th-20th July 2013

Success story of USAID Supported, EIAR-ICARDA collaborative project

Kakaba ready for threshing

1. Introduction

2. Highlights of the project

3. Approaches and achievements

4. Conclusion

Outline of the presentation

Introduction Wheat grown by a 5 Million HHs

Area under wheat has shown steady increase to a 2 M ha at present

Annual wheat production has reached a 3 MMT

National average yield increased by 3x compared to 1960s (0.6 - 2 t/ha); 5 t – 8 t /ha good farmers

Has wider agro-ecology coverage

Area (1000 ha)

Production (1000 t)

Yield (t/ha)

ተስማሚ የአየር ፀባይ

• ስንዴ ለመብቀል ከ35-45% እርጥበትና 12-250C የሙቀት መጠን የሚፈልግ ሲሆን ለመብቀል 4-10 ቀናት ይፈልጋል፡፡

• ከበቀለ ከ20 ቀናት በኋላ መውለድ ይጀምራል፡፡

• የውልደት መጠኑ እንደዝርያው አይነት፤ የአፈር ለምነትና የአየር ሁኔታ የሚወሰን ሲሆን

• መጀመሪያ የወጡና ዋናው ግንድ በአብዛኛው ዘር የሚሰጡ ሲሆን

• ዘግይቶ የሚወለዱት ግን ፍሬ የማይሰጡ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ፡፡

…ተስማሚ የአየር ፀባይ

ከ1500 እስከ 2800 ሜ ከባህር ወለል በላይ ›T"Ã ¯S© ¾´“w SÖ” Ÿ500-1200 T>.T@ � J• ¾´“w e`ß~ ¾}e}"ŸK SJ” ›Kuƒ በሀገራችን ከሚታወቁት 18 ሰነ ምህዳሮች ውስጥ ስንዴ ከ8 በላይ

ሰነ ምህዳሮች ውስጥ ሊመረት ይችላል፡፡ ስንዴ የተሻለ ምርት የሚሰጠው በጥቁር ሸክላማ፤ ቀይ ሸክላማና

ቡናማ ሸክላ የአፈር አይነት ላይ ሲሆን የአፈር ኮምጣጣነት ከ 5.5 ፒ ኤች በላይ መሆን ይኖርበታል፡፡ ውኃ የሚያቁር ኮትቻ (መረሬ) እምብዛም የማይስማማው ሲሆን ነገር

ግን በባህላዊም ሆነ በዘመናዊ ዘዴ በማጠንፈፍ ማምረት ይቻላል::

Percent share of improved wheat seed supply in 2012/13

61.95

26.30

4.473.69

1.02 0.05

wheatMaizeTefBarleyHaricot beanLinseed

Percent share of improved wheat seed supply from non-hybrids in 2012/13

84.1

6.1

5.0

1.40.1

wheatTefBarleyHaricot beanLinseed

Major Wheat Production Constraints

Among other constraints wheat

diseases rusts (yellow, stem, leaf) and

septoria have always been serious

threats to wheat production in Ethiopia

Stem rustYellow rust Leaf rust

Other Technical constraints

• Shortage of appropriate varieties for d/Eco AEZs

• Weeds - grass and broadleaf

• Water logging – Vertisol soils in highlands (target area)

• Drought - low moisture stress in lowlands (target area)

Socio-economicUnavailability of improved inputs, credit

Background of the project

•High incidence of yellow rust in Ethiopia in 2010/11 season•It affected wheat production in the country•Some districts were sprayed to reduce crop loss•ICARDA/FAO /EIAR scientists assessed the situation•Acceleration of seed multiplication of resistant varieties to replace susceptible ones was recommended.

2009

2009

1998/9 2001

2003

2006

2007

? ?

Movements

PossibleSpread

THE SPREAD OF WHEAT STEM RUST UG99 LINEAGE

2010

2010

2010

2006

Table 1 Wheat Area Affected by Yellow Rust Epidemics During 2010

Region Zones under

epidemics

Districts under

epidemics

Wheat area

affected (ha)

Area sprayed

by fungicid

e

Percent area

sprayed

Oromia 13 118 292,866 123,357 42.1

Amhara 8 77 161,348 26,579 16.5

SNNP 15 94 137,376 32,089 23.4

Total 36 289 591,590 182,026

30.8

Source: MoA report 2010 (unpublished); Report covering up to Oct 2010; Varieties affected most: Kubsa’; ‘Galama’

Concept Note Developed

. ICARDA in consultation with EIAR developed the concept note.

• Developed to a full project proposal by ICARDA/EIAR• Submitted to USAID and the project was

approved.• ICARDA agreed to pre-finance the project to avoid

losing the coming season• ICARDA has transferred fund to organize and

distribute seeds

Main project objectives

• Fast track testing and release of stem rust resistant varieties;• Popularization and demonstration of newly released varieties;• Accelerated seed multiplication of promising lines (pre-release)

or source seed of released varieties; • Accelerated large-scale certified seed multiplication of released

varieties by linking to existing public and/or private seed sector• Targeted small-pack seed distribution of released varieties to

small-scale farmers • Monitoring and evaluation of project deliverables and impact

studies

Strategic approaches followed in the fast track variety release, seed

multiplication and dissemination activities

Varietal purification and

multiplication

Breeder seedproduction

Pre-basic seed production

Formal Sector

(public/private)

Informal Sector

(community-based)

Stage 2

Basic seed production

Pre-release seed multiplication

Official variety release

Variety release

trials

Formal and informal seed production and

distribution

Stage 3Stage 4

Stage 1Stage 5

Large-scale seed multiplication

Farmers

Stage 0

Resistance lines identified for release trails

Seed Production Variety Testing

Variety popularization and promotion

• Fast track/harmonized variety release system

• Efficient seed multiplication scheme (MF)

• Availability of off-season/irrigation facilities

• Flexible quarantine procedures

• Identifying/supporting key seed suppliers

• Capacity building of human resources

Approaches in Accelerated seed multiplication & dissemination scheme

Source: Zewdie B.

1. Fast track variety release

1. Introduction of elite

germplasm and

conducting adaptation

trials

(CIMMYT/ICARDA)

3 varieties released

2. Variety verification

trials

3 varieties released

Table 2: Pre-release seed multiplication of rust resistant lines, 2009 main-season, Kulumsa

Lines Seed Source

Seed imported (kg)

Area planted

(ha)

Yield(t)

Chonte #1 CIMMYT 100 0.63 2.8

Danphe #1 CIMMYT 100 0.98 4.0

Munal #1 CIMMYT 100 1.03 5.0

Picaflor #1 CIMMYT 100 0.71 3.7

Quaiu #2 CIMMYT 100 0.98 4.5

Flag 3 ICARDA 100 0.51 2.0

Flag 5 ICARDA 50 0.5 2.4

Amir-2 ICARDA 100 0.61 1.9

Total 750 5.95 26.4

Table 3: Pre-release rapid seed multiplication of rust resistant lines at Werer (2010) & amount of seed available at the time of release.

LinesGross

area (ha)Net area

(ha)Average

yield (t/ha)

Amount of seed

produced (t)Remarks/Local name

Chonte#1 24.0 17.01 1.523 25.90 Not released

Danphe#1 24.0 17.01 1.726 29.35 Danda’a

Picaflor#1 30.0 21.25 2.024 43.01 Kakaba

Munal#1 11.5 8.50 1.823 15.502 Note released

Quaiu #2 12.0 8.14 2.399 19.55 Ga’ambo

Total 101.5 71.91 1.850 133.30

• Kakaba =Picaflor (KIRITATI//SERI/RAYON)

(2010)

– Semi-dwarf– Early maturing– White seeded– Low to Mid altitude

areas– Good quality

Seed multiplication

Name Year Maturity (days)

HT (cm) RF (mm) ALT (m asl) Yield (t/ha) YR SR

Kakaba 2010 85-100 90-120 500-

800

1500-2200 3.3- 5.2 MR MR

Kakaba ready for threshing

Danda’a= DanpheKIRITATI//2*PBW65/2*SERI.1B

(released in 2010)

– Late maturing variety

– Superior grain quality

– White seeded – Intermediate height– Recommended for

Mid to higher altitudes


Ht (cm) RF (mm)

ALT (m asl) Yield (q/ha)

YR SR

Danda’

a

2010 90-113 110-

145

>600 2000-2600 35-55 R MR

Shorima seed multiplication field, Kulumsa, 2011


Ht (cm) RF (mm)

Alt (m asl) Yield (T/ha)

YR SR

Shorima 2011 126 102 >500 1800-2400 4.5-6.3 R MR

Shorima(UTQUE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN)

Resistant to yellow rust and stem rust

Semi dwarfMedium maturityWhite grained Demand created Seed being multiplied at

Werer under irrigation


Ht (cm) RF (mm)

Alt (m) Yield (t/ha) YR SR

Gambo 2011 91 102 irrigation

750 3.5-5.7 R MR

Gambo (BABAX/LR42//BABAX*2/3/VIVITSI)

- Released for irrigated areas - Moderately resistant to rusts - Susceptible to septoria

Table 4 International nurseries planted at KARC during 2011/12 – 2012/13

Year Number of nurseries evaluated

Germplasm source

No. entries planted

No. entries field selected

2011/12 8 ICARDA 1104 393

2012/13 15 ICARDA 1706 146

Total2810 539

Table 5 Segregating population evaluated at KARC during 2011/12 and 2012/13

Population Source No. sets Crosses/lines planted

Lines /pops selected

Year 1: 2011/12

Multipurpose crossing

Local crosses 1 417 417

Segregating pop (F3 – F6)


Segregating pop (F4-F6)

ICARDA crosses 3 37 2324

Sub-total 10 963 3243

Year 2: 2012/13

Multipurpose crossing block (99 F + 10 M)


Segregating pop (F3 – F5)


Segregating pop F4 - F5

ICARDA crosses 13 357 147

Sub-total 24 1277 1957

Grand total 34 2240 5199

Varieties released in 2011: Source ICARDA

HOGGANA = ETBW 5780= FLAG-5 = PYN/BAU//MILAN

SHORIMA = ETBW 5483= UTIQUE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN

HULUKA = ETBW 5496= UTIQUE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN

Fast track Seed Multiplication

• Two crop cycles per year – Main season using rain– Dry season using

irrigation (Werer, KU, Koga, Awash, etc.)

• Planting with low seed rate

Approaches Seed Multiplication

Categories of Seed Multiplied: Pre-release & Post-release

1. Pre-release seed multiplication: to

accelerate variety release which otherwise be

delayed due to shortage of sufficient seed to

conduct variety trials; and to get sufficient

amount of breeder seed upon variety release.

Type of germplasm multiplied: (a) promising lines in

national variety trials (b) candidate varieties in

variety verification trials

Table 6 Pre-release and post-release seed multiplication KARC during 2011 &2012 main-season

Activity Year No of entries Summary of result

Maintenance breeding & pre-release seed multiplication

2011/1244 3 t

Micro seed multiplication 2011/12 17 t

Maintenance breeding & pre-release seed multiplication

2012/13169 0.5 t

Micro seed multiplication

2012/13

16

2.8 t; 2000 best spikes of 16 varieties collected for head to row planting

Total23.3 t

Werer RCSeed Multiplication using irrigation, 2010

2. Source Seed multiplication of newly released varieties

Research level early generation seed

(breeder & pre-basic) multiplications to

provide the public and private sector

with sufficient seed for further

multiplication and dissemination.

Table 7: Research level accelerated seed production of rust resistant new wheat varieties, 2010 main-

season, Kulumsa

Location Variety Seed classArea

planted (ha)

Seed produced (t)

Kulumsa Kakaba Breeder 0.42 1.05

Kulumsa Dand'a Breeder 0.5 1.25

Kulumsa/Dhera Kakaba Pre-basic 15.89 34.73

Kulumsa Dand'a Pre-basic 10.48 26.2

Total 27.29 63.23

Table 8: Seed Produced by Crush Program during 2010 Dry Season by EIAR (118.4 t)

Location Variety Area planted (ha)

Seed produced (t)

Seed source

Werer/Middle Awash Danda’a 30 35.3 Kulumsa

Werer/Middle Awash Kakaba 60 49.1 Kulumsa

Robani Farm/Upper Awash

Kakaba 30 34.0 Kulumsa

Total 120 118.4

Table 9 Crush Program Seed Multiplication by ESE - 2010 Dry Season (166.1 t + 110 t Koga)Location Kakab

aDanda’a Organizatio

nImplemente

r

Merti 126 - ESE Kulumsa RC

Nura Era 140 40 ESE Kulumsa RC

Koga / Merawi

70 - ESE Kulumsa RC

Total 421 70

Table 10 Multiplication of Danda’a and Kakaba Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise

(BADE)

Variety

2010 2011 2012

Area Yield (t) Area Yield (t) Area Yield (t)

Danda'a 44.16 134.7 447.91 1233.0 769.24 1447.4

Kakaba 37 112.1 527.93 1373.9 910.35 1616.4

2009 season: Started with small plot adaptation tests of 5 lines

Danda'a Digelu Kakaba0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

30 15 7

665

385

177

Pre-basic seed

Danda'a Digelu Hawi Kakaba Simba0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

32 22 7 49 1

677

437

233

1296

22

Area (ha)Amount (Qt)

Basic seed

Danda'a Digelu Gambo Hoggana Hulluka Kakaba Shorima0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 1 1 1 1 1 1.3

30

18 18

10

30 29

34Breeder seed

Varieties Multiplied NArea (ha)

Seed (Qt) Class

Danda'a, Digelu, Kakaba, Hulluka, Shorima, Hoggana, Gambo 7 7.3 170.12 BreederDanda'a, Digalu, Kakaba 3 50.8 1227.58 PrebasicDanda'a, Digalu, Kakaba, Simba, Hawi 5 111.35 2664.72 basicTotal 169.45 4062.42

Varieties Multiplied During 2011 Main season

at Kulumsa

Table 11: Dry Season Seed Multiplication Using Irrigation at Werer, 2012

No. Variety Seed Sown (t) Area (ha) Seed produced (t)

1 Shorima 1.8 2334.5

2 Hulluka 1.5 1928.5

3 Gambo 1.2 1522.5

4 Kakaba 1.6 2030

5 Danda’a 1.8 23 34.5 7.9 99 148.5

Seed rate = 80 kg / ha

Table 11 Seed multiplication during off-seasons by Mekele and Alamata Research Centers (2011/12 and 2012/13)

No. Variety Seed produced (t)Season: 2011/131 Digelu 42 Kakaba 43 Mekelle 1 34 Mekelle 2 3Sub-total 14Season: 2012/131 Danda’a 102 Shorima 63 Mada-Walabu 24 Mekelle-3 65 Mekelle-4 96 Sofumer 37 Kakaba 5Sub-total 41Total 55

On-farm seed multiplication and scaling up of rust resistant varieties

Organization of Focal persons to each region and district level

• An overall project coordinator and three project thematic area coordinators were assigned by EIAR to play coordinating and facilitating roles in all activities.

• At regional level, a focal person from extension/ input department of regional BoA who coordinates the activities in respective regions.

• In addition, a seed focal person assigned in each district to day to day follow up of logistics in technology distribution and multiplication

Identification and prioritization of target woredas in respective regions

• Project Inception Workshop was held at EIAR Head Quarter on 27th May 2011

• Participants: Federal & Regional BoA, RARIs, Public & Private seed growers

(4 regions)25 selected AGP Districts + 16 non-AGP Districts + 4 distrCriterion1. Among the AGP woredas ( 83)2. Major wheat producingworedas/districts in a given region3. Occurrence and Importance

of yellow rust in 2010/11

Table 12 Selected Districts in each region

Oromia (23) Amhara (8) SNNP (6) Tigray (5)Seed

Associations (7)

Gimbichu Gasera Guagusa Shikudad

Misrak Azernet

Ofla Megertu

Ada Ginir Wenberima Shey Bench Endamehoni Biftu

Weliso Adaba Debre EliyasEnemor Ener

Emba Alaje Hawi

ShirkaGedeb Asasa

Basoliben EndegagnHintalo Wajirat

Ude

Munesa Hitosa Tarma ber Mareko Enderta Hundafatau

Dodola Dendi Minjar Soro Chala

Limu-Bilbilo Ambo Moret Gitche G.

Horo Guduru Enemay

Gololcha Ziquala

Bale Lume

Agarfa Aleltu

Sinana

Table 13 Rust Resistant wheat varieties distributed to Districts

(17)Variety Source Variety SourceDigelu ESE, ASE Pavon-76 OSE Danda'a BADE, ESE, ASE M/Welabu Sinana RC

Kakaba ASE, ESE, BADE Bakalcha ® Sinana

Tay ® Adet, ASE Illani ® Sinana Gasay ®

Adet, ASE Tate® Sinana

Mekele-1® TARI Toltu ® Sinana Mekele-2®

TARI Obsa ® Sinana

Tuse KARC Ude DZARC, Seed Asso

Yerer DZARC, Seed Asso

® -Regional Release

Approach

• Superimposed on EIAR initiative of national multiple crop technology pre-scaling up

Procedurally

. Understanding and prioritizing

the gaps with stakeholders .Identification of areas and volume of intervention (small packs )• Technology orientation/ training-package

Spatial coverage 18 crop spps, 38 var. (2009-11)

Approach (cont’d) • Wereda/District based (5 kebeles X 20 farmers~100)• Availing resources: Seed, skill/knowledge• Contractual agreement: Seed revolving scheme • 1/4th a ha• Cluster • Best full package implementation/application• Data based (at farmers or DA level)• active stakeholders with clear ToR (Rch, SEs, Ex, input

+private) • Lesson environment (field day, review planning,

performance evaluation)

Major Stakeholders and responsibilities

• MoA- Federal/Regional Extension and inputs– Assign focal person in each region/district– Select Zone/District/farmer – Select appropriate varietiesfor each intervention district– Facilitate field days

• Federal and Regional RIs – Provide seeds for planting– ToT training– Provide technical manual,– Undertake M&E

Wheat Seed Technology

A Technical Guide for Ethiopia

Selection of target kebeles and farmers

To ensure appropriate piloting of theinterventions, the target farmers were from kebeles of the selected woredas with

(i) high potential for wheat production, (ii) with good access to roads (iii) with better performing cooperatives.

Selection of farmers and clustering

The key criterion for farmers’ selection • The willingness to establish cluster (a min.of 2ha). The other criteria (i) farmers’ willingness and commitment(ii) accessibility (iii) serve as a demonstration site (iv) membership of farmers to primary cooperative.

Major Stakeholders and responsibilities….

• Federal and Regional SEs, State farms– Provide seed for sale– Selection of suitable farms– Inspection – purchase of seeds from farmers

• Private companies, FUs and Coops, Farmers– Produce seeds (provide & prepare land and other

inputs)– Return revolving seeds– Sale seeds to SEs, other neighbouring farmers

Table 14 Emergency seed supply (Ambo, Dendi, Gedeb Asasa and Hitosa )

VarietySeed distributed (t)

Area covered (ha)

ProductionNo. PAs participated

No. of farmers participated

No. of beneficiaries

Productivity (t/ha)

Seed produced (t)

Amount used for next season (t)

Seed revolved (t)

Male Female Min Max Average

Season 2011/12

Digalu 1.8 12.00 34.4 20.5 1.2 4 22 5 135 1.6 2.6 2.1

Kakaba

1.875 12.50 40.5 29.8 1..25 3 29 3 160 2.3 2.7 2.5

Season 2012/13

Digalu2.5(19.1) 144.00 432.0 50 2.5 4 545 11 2780 28 32 30

Kakaba1.5(28.2) 198.00 475.2 20 1.5 3 1019 18 5185 20 28 24

Danada'a

1 6.60 17.2 10 1 1 17 0 102 24 28 26

Medawelabu

0.5 3.33 7.0 4 0.5 1 7 0 42 16 26 21

Total 376 1006 134 7 16 1639 37 8404

Popularization, demonstration and scaling up of rust resistant wheat varieties

• Farmers Training Centers (FTCs) and farmers’ fields• Shorima & Hulluka (2012) 41 project Districts• Each variety 20 m x 20 m (400 m2)• four farmers per woreda• Field days conducted

Table 15 Scaling up and on-farm seed multiplication of rust resistant wheat varieties

Year Region

Amount of seed distributed (t)

Area planted to (ha)

Seed produced at on-farm level (t)

Amount used as seed (next season) (t)

Amount of seed recovered as revolving seed (t)

%seed recovered through revolving scheme Remark

2011/12

Amhara 40 262 893 291.8 13.3 33.6

Oromia 107 723 2,310.2 1,352.50 71.5 67.1

Tigray 19 126 392.1 195.9 18.8 98.9

SNNP 8 50 125 87.5 3.5 46.7

Subtotal 174 1,161 3,720.3 1,927.7a 107.1b 2,034.8(a+b)

2012/13

Amhara 50 337 1,113.8 971.4 49.8 98.8

Oromia 132 858 3,230.9 1,505.30 69.5 52.9

Tigray 26 175 539.2 269.4 15.7 59.9

SNNP 20 133 433.3 405.5 20 100.0

Subtotal 228 1,503 5,317.2 3,151.6 a 154.9 b 3,306.5(a+b

Total 402 2,664 9,037.6 5,079.3 a 262.0 b 5,341.3(a+b)

Table 16 Number of Districts addressed, no. of PAs and participating farmers in seed distribution and scaling up

Year Region Districts PAs Male FemaleTotal number beneficiaries

2011/12

Amhara 7 17 1,362 85 7,220

Oromia 24 200 2,134 141 11,563

Tigray 3 16 295 22 1,711

SNNP 3 11 187 13 1,000

Sub-total 37 244 3,978 261 21,494

2012/13

Amhara 8 31 1,734 97 9,067

Oromia 20 250 2,299 185 13,246

Tigray 6 28 545 64 3,045

SNNP 4 24 439 15 2,430

Sub-total 333 5,017 361 27,788

Total 577 8,995 622 49,282

Table 17. Quantity of seeds of rust resistant varieties distributed and observable impacts in four project regions during 2011/12 and 2012/13 main-seasons

Seed (t) Enough for planting an area of (ha)

Amount of seed produced (t)

Enough to plant X ha of land during 2013/14

Seed distributed in 2011/12

174 1,161 3,720.30 About 50% used for seed during next season

From seed produced in 2011/12 season and used as seed in 2012/13

2034.8 13,565 47,478.60 316,524

Seed distributed in 2012/13

228 1,503 5,317.20 35,070

Seed obtained from 2012/13

17,408.80 116,059 406,205.80 406,206

Table 18 Average grain yield of rust resistant varieties on farmers’ USAID intervention

fields

Year RegionGrain yield (t/ha)

Minimum Maximum Average

2011/12

Amhara 2.9 3.9 3.4Oromia 3 4.9 4Tigray 2.6 4.2 3.4SNNP 3.4 4.9 4.2Year average 3 4.5 3.7

2012/13

Amhara 2.6 3.8 3.2Oromia 2.8 4.2 3.5Tigray 2.5 3.8 3SNNP 2.8 4.2 3.5Year average 2.7 4 3.3

Mean yield of all regions 2.8 4.2 3.5

Table 19 Support through the National pre-scaling up program in Amhara and Tigray regions (2012/13)

Zone Amount (t) Area (ha)

Number of farmers No. of Beneficiarie

sMale Female Total

Amhara RegionNorth Shewa 13 88.2 280 30 310 1550

South Wollo 12 80 251 23 274 1370

North Wollo 12 104 421 15 436 2180

Sub-total 37 272.2 952 68 1,020 5,100

Tigray RegionSouth Tigray 3 20 79 1 80 400

West Tigray 3 20 80 0 80 400

Sub-total 6 40 159 0 160 800

Total 43 312.2 1,111 68 1,180 5,900

Table 20 Seed distributions to seed producer's associations

Variety Megertu Biftu UdeHundaf-hatau

ChalaGitche Garababo

Sub-total

Kekeba (t)

2.0 1.0 2.0 5.0

Ude2.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.7

Total2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 9.7

Farmers field day at Horro, Oromia

Farmers’ field day at Ofla, Tigray

Farmers field day organized at Ambo by private, Mr.Gadisa Gobena

Farmers’ field day at Wenberima, Amhara

USAID staffs visited the farmers’ fields

ICARDA, USAID and EIAR staffs monitoring the off-season seed multiplication

Capacity building

Strengthening human resources• National

• ToT training• National inception and annual workshops • Seed technology and farm management training• RRW Seed Support to private & seed producers’ Unions• Support to Regional RIs.

Capacity building cont’dRegional workshop•Training on seed marketing •(Egypt)•Regional travelling workshop• (Egypt)

Strengthening infrastructure• Vehicles• Farm machinery for research• Mobile cleaners for FBSMS

ToT trainingsIn class room

At FTC In the field

At tea/coffee break

Challenges

• Technical gap/info gaps• Heterogeneous performance and

understanding • Susceptibility of released varieties to new Sr

races• Commitment diversification • Confusion

Conclusion•Rust resistant wheat varieties were successfully distributed to project Districts during the last two project years,

•A series of consultative meetings, joint plans, trainings and reviews were made by involving stakeholders (Heads of BoA, RRIs, SEs, FUs),

•Farmers were trained on the purpose of multiplying seed rust resistant wheat cultivars through various means,

•Seed collection and use mechanism was designed; and agreements on use of seed produced was signed between BoA and individual farmers.

In Memory of ….

Thank You !