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Kelly educates attendees on web accessibility compliance, standards for higher education, and why web accessibility is everyone’s business. She provides some of the common disabilities that need to be served by public websites, provide some history and statistics on web accessibility, and give recommendations to help organizations get buy-in from their webmasters, marketing teams, and content contributors in order to integrate accessibility considerations into their day-to-day activities campus-wide.
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Accessibility Demystified:What you don’t know can hurt you.
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Goals
● Understand ○ what web accessibility means○ why web accessibility is important
● Learn ○ common web accessibility issues ○ quick remedies
● Gain ○ basic web accessibility principles○ appreciation for web accessibility
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Web Accessibility Defined
Web Accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of making websites usable by people of all abilities and disabilities.
- Wikipedia (Updated on 13 Aug 2013)
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Myths
Web accessibility is:● for people with disabilities.● only affect a small group of people.● hard.
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Myth #1:
Web accessibility is for people with disabilities.
Truth:
It is about making the web easy to use for:● People with impairments● Different Environments● Mobile Devices● Elderly
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Myth #2:
Web accessibility only affects a small group of people.
Truth:● 1.2+ billion people use mobile Internet● 80%+ of adults (16-34) use mobile Internet● 77% of people above 65 are online● Add disabilities statistics
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Myth #3:
Web accessibility is hard.
Truth:
Web accessibility is not hard. It just takes some compassion and consideration.
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Types of Limitations
● Visual● Hearing● Motor● Cognitive● Seizures
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Visual
Examples:● Blindness● Poor vision● Color blindness
Assistive Technologies:● Screen readers● Braille displays● Screen magnifiers
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Hearing
Examples:● Hard of hearing● Deafness
Assistive Technologies:● Hearing aids● Captions● Transcription
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Motor
Examples:
• Plegia (partial paralysis) or Paralysis
• Loss of limbs
• Arthritis• Parkinson’s Disease
Assistive Technologies:● Pointing and typing
aids● Eyeball tracking
devices● Touch screens
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Cognitive
Examples:
• Cerebral Palsy
• Autism
• ADHD• Down Syndrome
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Seizures
Examples:● Partial or generalized
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Accessibility Statistics
U.S. Census Bureau (2010):
• 56.7 million had a disability
• 38.3 million had a severe disability
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Accessibility Statistics
Microsoft Research Study (2003):
• Ratio amongst computer userso 1 in 4 has a vision difficultyo 1 in 4 has dexterity difficultyo 1 in 5 has a hearing difficulty
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Accessibility Statistics
What does this translate to in numbers?● Visual Difficulty or Impairment
○ Mild: 21.9 million○ Severe: 11.1 million
● Dexterity Difficulty or Impairment○ Mild: 24.4 million○ Severe: 6.8 million
● Hearing Difficulty or Impairment○ Mild: 24 million○ Severe: 2.5 million
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Additional Facts:
• 43% of US adults with disabilities uses the Internet
• 15% of the world's population have some form of disability
• Disability rates are increasing
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
What’s the problem?
● Techniques● Designs● Implementation
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Why should you care?
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
It’s RIGHT!
● Ethically● Morally
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
It’s SMART!
• Economicallyo Larger audienceo Lower site maintenance costo Reduce legal risks/costs
• Designwiseo Good design principleso Responsive design and emerging technologieso Search engine friendly
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
It’s the Law!
• Americans with Disabilities Act
• Rehabilitation Act o Section 504o Section 508
• Telecommunications Acto Section 255
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
It’s the Law!
• Canadian Human Rights
• Ontarians with Disabilities Act
• Common Look and Feel Standards
• Bill 118 2004
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Case StudiesLitigations and Settlements
Target
vs. National Federation of the Blind● Lack of alternative texts on product images● $6 million settlement● Additional cost litigation costs
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Florida State University
vs. National Federation of the Blind● Lack of accessible technology resulted to
incompletable academic courses● $75,000 settlement per student (2)● Commits to continued effort to come to
standards
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
So many more!
• Penn State University
• Arizona State University
• California Law Schools
• Disney
• Major League of Baseball (MLB)
• Bank of America
• Netflix
• Amazon
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Where to start?
1. Identify and remedy potential issues
2. Develop implementation plan
3. Educate and maintain
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Common Issues
Alternative Text Attributes
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Audio and Visual Media
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Color Contrast
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Common Problems
● Heading elements○ Order heading elements properly
● Link texts○ Unique○ Descriptive○ Avoid “Click Here”
● Tab navigation○ Skip to main content
● JavaScript ○ Use event handlers appropriately
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Common Problems
● Forms○ All fields are properly labeled○ Recoverable from errors
● Flashing/blinking text or images○ Don’t
● HTML without CSS/JavaScript○ Ensure that site functions properly and content is still
accessible without CSS/JavaScript
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Resources
• Screen reader emulators:o Firefox: FANGSo Chrome: ChromeVoxo Built-in screen reader (Mac OS X)
• Text-browsero Lynx
• Free automated validatorso WAVE (WebAIM)
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
More on Web Accessibility
Rick Hill of UC Davis● “Creating More Accessible Content”● 3:15pm - 4:00pm● More technical, in-depth
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Questions?Q&A