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GaussStones: Shielded Magnetic Tangibles for Multi-Token Interactions on Portable DisplaysRong-Hao Liang1,2, Han-Chih Kuo1, Liwei Chan1, De-Nian Yang2, Bing-Yu Chen1 1National Taiwan University and 2Academia Sinica
2014
SandScape [Wang et. al. 2010] Lumino [Baudisch et. al. 2010] ReacTable [Jorda et. al. 2007]
Multi-Token Interactions on Interactive Tabletops
Sculpting and Simulation Boardgaming Live Music Performance
Multi-Token Sensing Techniques
EMR-Tag Sensing LC-Tag Sensing Active IR-Tag Sensing
SenseTable [Patten et. al. 2001] PICO [Patten et. al. 2007] MightyTrace [Hofer et. al. 2008]
Multi-Token Sensing Techniques
EMR-Tag Sensing LC-Tag Sensing Active IR-Tag Sensing
SenseTable [Patten et. al. 2001] PICO [Patten et. al. 2007] MightyTrace [Hofer et. al. 2008]xx x
Multi-Token Interactions on Portable Displays
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Paper Session: Tangible UIST’11, October 16–19, 2011, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
352
Camera(s) Capacitive Touchscreen Magnetometer
Portico [Avrahami et. al. 2011] Capstones [Chan et. al. 2012] MagGetz [Hwang et. al. 2013]
Multi-Token Interactions on Portable Displays
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Paper Session: Tangible UIST’11, October 16–19, 2011, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
352
Camera(s) Capacitive Touchscreen Magnetometer
SandScape [Avrahami et. al. 2011] Capstones [Chan et. al. 2012] MagGetz [Hwang et. al. 2013]
Occlusion-Sensitive Large size Require Calibration
Problem:Radial Magnetic Field of Each Discrete Tokens
Interferes with Others in Multi-Token Interactions
GaussStonesShielded Magnetic Tangibles
GaussBits
GaussBricks
GaussSense
Multi-Token Interactions Using Discrete Tokens
"Electromagnetic shielding inside mobile phone" by Petteri Aimonen
FACT: Electromagnetic (EM) Wave Shieldingis ineffective to block static magnetic fields
conductive material"Electromagnetic shielding inside mobile phone" by Petteri Aimonen
FACT: Electromagnetic (EM) Wave Shieldingis ineffective to block static magnetic fields
conductive material
Opposing Field provided by Eddy current
conductive material
FACT: EM-Wave Shielding (a.k.a. Faraday Cage) is ineffective to block static magnetic fields
EM-Wave
OpposingFieldprovided by Eddy current
conductive material
EM-Wave
FACT: Electromagnetic (EM) Wave Shieldingis ineffective to block static magnetic fields
conductive material conductive material
Static fieldEM-Wave
FACT: EM-Wave Shieldingis ineffective to block static magnetic fields
conductive material conductive material
Static fieldEM-Wave
FACT: EM-Wave Shieldingis ineffective to block static magnetic fields
High-permeability material
EM-Wave Static field
High-permeability materials block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
(e.g. galvanized steel)(e.g. galvanized steel)
High-permeability materials (e.g. galvanized steel)
block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
High-permeability material
EM-Wave Static field
High-permeability materials block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
(e.g. galvanized steel)
High-permeability materials (e.g. galvanized steel)
block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
High-permeability material
EM-Wave Static field
High-permeability materials block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
(e.g. galvanized steel)
galvanized steel case
High-permeability materials (e.g. galvanized steel)
block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
High-permeability material
EM-Wave Static field
High-permeability materials block static magnetic fields by redirecting them
(e.g. galvanized steel)
galvanized steel case
analog Hall-sensor grid
Challenge: Designing Effective Magnetic Shielding that
Minimize Interference and Maximize Signal Strength
Design Challenge:!Designing Effective Magnetic Shielding that can
Minimize the Interference and Maximize the Signal Strengthgalvanized steel case
analog Hall-sensor grid
Explorative Study Finding design parameters
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
galvanized steel chip
10mm(T) x 5mm(R) neodymium magnet
Explorative Study Finding design parameters
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
galvanized steel chip
10mm(T) x 5mm(R) neodymium magnet
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Explorative Study Finding design parameters
galvanized steel chip
10mm(T) x 5mm(R) neodymium magnet
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
Area-Intensity Profile
Explorative Study Finding design parameters
galvanized steel chip
10mm(T) x 5mm(R) neodymium magnet
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
Area-Intensity Profile
1000 samples
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
1000 samples
Area-Intensity Profile
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
1000 samples
Area-Intensity Profile
cont
our
size
intensity
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Blob size per layer
iso-intensity contours (for every 10 gauss)
1000 samples
Area-Intensity Profile
cont
our
size
intensity
N S S
1000 samples
No Bottom Sides Sides Sides Sides Sides Sides Sides
15 15 15 9 12 15 15 15 15
2 2 2 2 2 1.2 3 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 5
shielding method
token width (mm)
shield thickness (mm)
magnet z-axis position (mm)
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
No Sides Bottom
Results 1/4: Shielding methods
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
2 3.5 5
Results 2/4: Gap Distances (mm)
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
Results 3/4: Shield Thickness (mm)1.2 3 2
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
5 2.5 0
Results 4/4: Magnet Positions
neodymium magnet
galvanized steel shield
Findings:
Basic Design: Fix magnet at the center bottom with shielding on the sides to minimize the Interference and maximize the Signal Strength
Shield Thickness: Thicker is better, but just-thick-enough is the best.
Findings:
Basic Design: Fix magnet at the center bottom with shielding on the sides to minimize the Interference and maximize the Signal Strength
1.2mm-thick 3mm-thick3mm-thick
Shield Thickness: Thicker is better, but just-thick-enough is the best.
Token size: Larger token has larger ID space
Findings:
Basic Design: Fix magnet at the center bottom with shielding on the sides to minimize the Interference and maximize the Signal Strength 0 100
(gauss)
2 3.5 5
Results 2/4: Gap Distances (mm)
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
15mm
2 3.5 5
Results 2/4: Gap Distances (mm)
Measurement #1: Interference Strength Measurement #2: Signal Strength
9mm
Acceptable signal strength for both
shielding and sensing
Designing GaussStones in Different SizesDesigning GaussStones in Difference Sizes
Particles Tokens Knobs
Designing GaussStones in Different SizesDesigning GaussStones in Difference Sizes
Particles Tokens KnobsTokens without ID
(x,y)
Designing GaussStones in Different SizesDesigning GaussStones in Difference Sizes
Particles Tokens KnobsTokens with IDTokens without ID
(x,y) (ID,x,y)
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12ID amount = 2Larger Particles Provide More IDs
(Unit: mm)
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12ID amount = 2Larger Particles Provide More IDs
(Unit: mm)
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
Larger Particles Provide More IDs
Area-Intensity Profiles
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12ID amount = 2Larger Particles Provide More IDs
(Unit: mm)
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
Larger Particles Provide More IDs
Area-Intensity Profiles
Designing GaussStones in Different SizesDesigning GaussStones in Difference Sizes
Particles Tokens KnobsMulti-core Tokens
with IDTokens with IDTokens without ID
(x,y) (ID,x,y) (ID,x,y,θ)
Knobs - Multi-Core Tokens Provide additional IDs and Orientation Information
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
0 1 2 3
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
northsouth
B0 B3
B1 B2
Registration
Payload
2.16R 2.41R
Dual-Core Tri-Core Quad-Core
2R
B0 B1B1
B0 B2
R
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
0 1 2 3
Knobs - Multi-Core GaussStones Provide additional IDs and Orientation Information
(x,y,θ)
Dual-Core
Tri-Core
Quad-Core
2.16R
2R
2.41R
northsouth
B0 B3
B1 B2
Registration
Payload
2.16R 2.41R
Dual-Core Tri-Core Quad-Core
2R
B0 B1B1
B0 B2
R
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
0 1 2 3 (x,y,θ)
(ID)
Knobs - Multi-Core Tokens Provide additional IDs and Orientation Information
northsouth
B0 B3
B1 B2
Registration
2.16R 2.41R
Dual-Core Tri-Core Quad-Core
2R
B0 B1B1
B0 B2
R
[3,2,2] [3,2,1] [3,2,0] [3,1,2] [3,1,1] [3,1,0] [3,0,2] [3,0,1] [3,0,0] [2,1,1] [2,1,0] [2,0,1] [2,0,0] [1,0,0]
Using Larger Particles as Tokens
8.68.68.68.61.21.21.21.2
2 1.5 1.5 2
NN SS
12.512.512.512.512.5 15222222
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 x 2
SSSSSS
Token radius
Shield thickness
Magnet radius
Polarity
7.87.822
22
N S
ID amount = 4 ID amount = 6x2 = 12
0 1 2 3 (x,y,θ)
(ID)Payload
[3,2] [3,1] [3,0] [2,1] [2,0] [1,0]
Dual-Core
Tri-Core
Knobs - Multi-Core Tokens Provide additional IDs and Orientation Information
6"15"
28" 45"14"
55"140"
285"
36"
225"784"
2025"
1"
10"
100"
1000"
10000"
2" 3" 4" 5"
P"="2"
P"="3"
P"="4"Ava
ilab
le I
D a
mounts
ID amounts that a core can provide4 6 8 10
ID amount of a k-core knob grows exponentially with the core number and the ID amount that a core can provide
ID amount of a k-core knob:
with the core number & the core ID amount
ID amount that a core can provide
ID a
mou
nt o
f a k
-cor
e kn
ob
ID amount of a k-core knob grows exponentiallywith the number and size of core
1.7mm-radius
3.5mm-radius
ConclusionInterference-Free & Identifiable Shielded Magnetic Tangibles for Multi-Token Interactions on Portable Displays
GaussStonesShielded
Magnetic Tangibles
Project website
Discrete TokensMulti-Token Interactions
GaussSense Magnetic Field Camera
GaussStonesShielded
Magnetic Tangibles
Multi-Token InteractionsDiscrete Tokens
GaussSense Magnetic Field Camera
GaussBricksMagnetic
Building Blocks
Constructive InteractionsOrganic Form
GaussBitsMagnetic
Tangible Bits
Near-Surface InteractionsSingle Token
Project website
Project Gauss A system of Hardware, Materials, and Interaction Techniques that Turn Portable Displays into Generic TUI Design Platforms
GaussStonesShielded
Magnetic Tangibles
Multi-Token InteractionsDiscrete Tokens
GaussSense Magnetic Field Camera
GaussBricksMagnetic
Building Blocks
Constructive InteractionsOrganic Form
GaussBitsMagnetic
Tangible Bits
Near-Surface InteractionsSingle Token
Project website
Rong-Hao Liang1,2, Han-Chih Kuo1, Liwei Chan1, De-Nian Yang2, Bing-Yu Chen1 1National Taiwan University and 2Academia Sinica Thanks for your attention!
Project Gauss A system of Hardware, Materials, and Interaction Techniques that Turn Portable Displays into Generic TUI Design Platforms
Free-license for Personal & Non-commercial Uses