ACtion Photocatalytic Coating Information Manual

Overview

Tio2 Photoctalysis is internationally recognised as one of the most effective materials which can kill almost all kinds of bacteria including flu and SARS. It has been widely used in the sterilisation of hospitals, institutions, schools etc. The PROtect ACtion photocatalyst coating, kills almost all kinds of bacteria under the irradiation of light, which can be maintained long enough to thoroughly decompose bacteria, its cell body and the residual exdotoxin. Meanwhile the photocatalyst can wipe out indoor allergen and reduce the incidence of respiratory deseases.

Sterilization Mechanisms of ACtion Photocatalyst Titanium Dioxide itself has no toxicity, its sterilization function activates after the irradiation of UV light. When exposed to light, the very strong oxidising power of Titanium Dioxide can destroy the bacteria’s’ cell wall and membrane and react with the cell components inhibiting growth and ultimately killing and decomposing the cell structure.

Sterilization by Tio2 photocatalyst presents the following 2 biochemical mechanisms.

Direct Photocatalysis The electron-hole can directly react with a cell wall cell membrane and cell component in the sterilizing process of mycrozymes and bacilli, the CoA inside the cell oxidizes which causes the respiration of the cell to stop and finally in its death. During this process, the electron shift between the dead cell and Tio2 is passed by CoA, therefore the content of CoA decreases and CoA dimer increases. Indirect Sterilization Reaction When and electron hole dissolves in water it generate Active Oxygen such as Hydroxile Radical. The electronic structure of Titanium Dioxide is characterised by filled valence band(VB) and an empty conduction band (CB). The band gap energy is excited and an electron is promoted from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB) then and electron-hole pair is generated (electron e- and hole h

+) the positive –hole of Titanium

Dioxide breaks the water molecule apart to form hydrogen gas and hydroxyl radical The negative-electron reacts with the Oxygen molecule to form a super oxide anion (02

- ) Super oxide anion can

react with water molecules generating hydroxyl radical peroxide ( 00H ) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Moreover, active Hydroxyl Radicals can combine to form Hydrogen Peroxide. This cycle continues when light is available. The active Hydroxil radical, super oxide anion, peroxide hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide can react with biomacromolecules such as protein enzyme and lipid, which will destroy the cell wall membrane and its components. For example, the oxidation=reduction material is necessary in the formation of Adenosine Triphosphate insode the hela cell. After reacting with the active Oxygen, the hela cell ( T24)membrane is oxidised by Titanium Dioxide and leaks, the positive ion Ca

2+ enters the cell and reacts with the inner protein

which cvauses the death of the cell

R

RC

RH

RCOH

R

RCC

R

R

Take OH for example , it can provide an unsaturated bond or take out its atom H as organic matter

OHCROHCHR 233

The new free radical will cause a chain reaction which will lead to the qualitative change of bacterial proteins and the total decomposition of lipids. The bacteria is decomposed and killed at once.

Thereforethe electron hole and OH ,

2O , 2HO , 22OH

formed on the surface of Titanium Dioxide can react with a cell wall, membrane and its component to kill the cell. In the sunlight, the Titanium Dioxide particles are absorbed by the surface of animalcule cells,

( OH ,

2O , 2HO , 22OH ) will react directly with cytologic histologocal elements which improves

the sterilization effect. The positive –hole of Titanium Dioxide irradiated by UV light is an extremely strong oxidation agent, the reactive Oxygen is also extremely active. As a result, Titanium Dioxide can effectively kill Escherichia Coli, Lactobacillus, Bacillus Subtilis, Hela and Cancer cells T24. Furthermore it can inhibit or prevent the growth of malignant cells and even kill green algae.As a result of such effective sterilization, Titanium Dioxide can be used indoors as an antiseptic and sterilization agent for water treatment, water pollution and Photodynamiotherapy. Actually, photocatalytic sterilization remains constant when bacteria is exposed to Titanium Dioxide, as the active hydroxyl radical cannot exist and cannot enter a cell membrane to destroy the cell structure, therefore the sterilization effect is the result of hydroxyl radical and other active oxygen

( 2O , OOH , 22OH ) since 22OH can enter a cell wall it not only kills the bacteria but also

decomposes lipoids such as Endotoxin released by its death. In addition it can remain stable for as

long time so 22OH can be the most important reaction medium in photocatalytic sterilization. Of

course the reaction also includes other active oxygen and 22OH is not the only reactant. The active

hydroxyl radical performs strong oxidation inside the cell, which greatly improves its sterilization effect.

Typical Redox Potential of Microbes and Cells (vs, SCE, PH=7)

Microbe Cell Concentration Cell / L

Redox Potential

N

Microzyme 1 x 1011 0.74

Escherichia Coli 1 x 1011 0.72

Lactobacillus 5 x 1011 0.68

Bacillus Subtilis 2 x 1011 0.68

Samonella Typhimurium

6 x 1011 0.70

Cell Component

Concentration Cell / L

Redox Potential N

Microzyme Extravasate

- 0.65

CoA 3.7 x 103 0.40

Reductive co-enzyme

5.0 x 103 0.68

Cysteine 2.5 x 103 0.45

Protolasm - .65

Hela Cell - .65

Comparison with Traditional Antiseptics

Traditional antiseptics are divided into the following three

categories. Organic Antiseptic, Inorganic Antiseptic and Natural

Antiseptic. There are two types of Inorganic Antseptics, one with

a strong oxidant property used to kill bacteria and fungus and the

other with a metal ion that will kill germs, however, the

antiseptics themselves like Chlorine and Chlorine oxide are

potentially bad for health. The metal antiseptics do not continue

to decompose the germ body after killing so the germ body coats

the metal ion, this greatly affects the antibacterial efficiency. The

organic antiseptics compounded by scientific chemical methods

kill germs quickly but the germ can adapt itself to organic

antiseptics easily and the process involves the use of toxic

substances.

Type Advantages Disadvantages Typical Products

Inorganic Heat resistant, wide range of sterilization and no need for light

The silver antiseptics change colour easily and surfaces remain coated with germ bodies which reduce the effect

Silver-zeolite/ Phosphate and silver silica gel.

Organic Fast and wide range of sterilization, low price

Not heat resistant, produces nasty toxins, and is a pollutant

Phenol

Natural High effect of sterilization, safer to use and non pollutant

Not heat resistant, processing the material can be difficult

Chitosan, Sorbic Acid

Photocatalyst Wide range of sterilization, high and everlasting effect, decomposition of germ bodies and their endotoxin, non pollutant, harmless to humans

Light required Titanium Dioxide based Photocatalysts

Advanced Sterilization with ACtion Nanocoat

Anti-bacterial and anti virus treatment of public places and facilities such as hospitals, schools, hotels, offices,

taxis and public transport.

Anti-bacterial and anti virus treatment for face masks, air and water filters, clothes and textiles and domestic

hygiene.

The ACtion nano-photocatalyst kills almost all kinds of bacteria and virus including SARS, H5N1etc and remains

effective for several years. It works by decomposing virus and their cell bodies and the residual endotoxin and

then continues to break down any new mutations of the bacteria. Because the bacteria cell structure is

completely decomposed, the surface remains active and effective unlike standard disinfectants.

The ongoing activity of the ACtion coating eliminates odours such as cigarette smoke, pets and reduces

allergens present in the ambient micro environment.

Benefits

Broad spectrum sterilization feature, killing almost all kinds of

bacteria and virus.

Providing deodorization and anti allergen properties

Long active life ( approx 5 years) depending on conditions

Active photcatalytic decomposition of mould and fungus, self

cleaning.

Safe and environmentally responsible method of killing

bacteria and virus with no toxins or residual pollutant

ACtion Nanocoatng delivers excellent anti

bacterial performance after coating in areas

where hygiene is critical.

Our product has been tested in a Hospital in

high risk areas and the growth rate of

bacteria measured.

8 critical areas of contamination where

measured for bugs and 6 from the 8 were

contaminated at a dangerous level. The

areas were then coated with ACtion and

then re-opened to normal operations for a

period of 24 hours. After this period each

area was re-tested and were either free

from contamination or at a safe level.

Data available on demand

Air Purification

ACtion is a next generation air purification technology that will de-activate harmful pollutants in 85% of all

harmful gases such as , Nitrogen Oxide, Formaldehyde,

Benzene, VOC’s.

ACtion nanocoat works by Photocatalysis, in the presence

of light, it produces hydroxyl radicals and holes ( h+). These

react with organic materials and harmful gases to produce

Water and Carbon Dioxide.

Through nano-particulate engineering and modifications in

the reology of the monolayer, the coating can be adapted

to operate in low light conditions without any detrimental

effect to the overall performance.

Pollutant Source Chemical Reaction End Product

H2O CO2 N2,

NO3

O2

Ammonia Urine, Sweat, Garbage, Smoke

OHNOHNH 223 662 2

Acetaldehyde Garbage, Smoke etc

OHCOOOHCHOCH 2223 426

Acetic Acid Garbage, Smoke etc

OHCOOOHCOOHCH 2223 424

Methane Gas, Fuel, Organic Decomposition

OHCOOOHCH 2224 44

Carbon Monoxide

Exhaust fumes, Smoke

OHCOOHCO 222

Nitrogen Oxide

Exhaust fumes, Smoke

OHONOHNO 222 224"

Formaldehyde Resin, Paints etc OHCOOHHCHO 22 34

The above table shows the chemical reactions initiated by the photocatalytic process and the resulting

products produced in each case. The residual products are non pollutants and are completely harmless.

Self Cleaning

Overview

Action self cleaning nanocoat is a special photocatalytic coating that reacts with light to create a hydrophilic

surface or a surface that is super receptive to water.

The washing proess is done by reducing the surface tension of the coated area so that it cannot repell water

but accepts it to spread evenly over the surface. Surface tension is normally measured by establishing the

contact angle of a water droplet on the surface , the diagram shows the angle and how the coating alters the

shape of the droplet.

The coated area eventually becomes completely saturated by water, so that excess water begins to flow by

gravity, “washing” the coated area.

Before and during this washing process the photocatalytic coating has decomposed organic pollutants, lipids

and moulds that may have contaminated the surface, so the combination of the two processes ensures that

all dead and decomposed organic cells are washed free from the surface each time for the ACtion coatings

cycle to continue.

Before After