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AMS Summer Community Meeting
Weather and Climate Enterprise
Commission
R. E. Carbone
10 August 2009
1
Observing Weather and Climate
FROM THE GROUND UPA Nationwide Network of Networks
Committee on Developing Mesoscale Meteorological Observational Capabilities to Meet Multiple National
Needs.
RICHARD E. (RIT) CARBONE (Chair) NCAR, Boulder, CO JAMES BLOCK DTN/Meteorlogix, Minneapolis, MNS. EDWARD BOSELLY Weather Solutions Group, Olympia, WAGREGORY R. CARMICHAEL University of Iowa, Iowa CityFREDERICK H. CARR University of Oklahoma, NormanV. (CHANDRA) CHANDRASEKAR Colorado State University, Fort CollinsEVE GRUNTFESTNCAR, Boulder, CO
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Liaison:
Walter F. DabberdtBoard of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
NRC Staff:
CURTIS MARSHALL Senior Program OfficerROB GREENWAY, Senior Program Assistant
RAYMOND M. HOFF University of Maryland Baltimore Co.WITOLD F. KRAJEWSKIUniversity of Iowa, Iowa CityMARGARET A. LEMONENCAR, Boulder, COJAMES F.W. PURDOMColorado State University, Fort CollinsTHOMAS W. SCHLATTERUniversity of Colorado, BoulderEUGENE S. TAKLEIowa State University, AmesJAY TITLOWWeatherflow, Inc., Poquoson, VA
Sponsors: NOAA, NASA, EPA, DOT, DHS, OFCM
Study Tasks, Goals, Foci
Develop an “overarching vision” for an integrated, flexible, adaptive, and multi-purpose network
We did not engage in network design.
Focus on requirements for the United States and adjacent coastal zones
Emphasize the planetary boundary layer
(~2 meters below the surface to 2-3 km above)
Identify steps to develop a network that meets “multiple national needs” in a cost-effective manner.
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Health and SafetyTransportationFood and WaterEnergy Security
Multiple National NeedsWe framed the whole study around major applications.
Those that resolve mesoscale structure and detect events?
Those that enable dynamical prediction?
Non-meteorological obs having influence on weather?
Environmental conditions influenced by weather?
All of the above.
How should we define mesoscaleobservations?*
Which raises the bar considerably
* In the context of satellites and the global obs system
Diverse Playersenergetic and chaotic
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ComplexWidely vested
Driven by local market forcesCountless Users and UsesThousands of providers
17 Federal AgenciesMultiple Agencies in all States
MunicipalitiesWater Districts
Various Local AuthoritiesAgricultural Producers
Fortune 500 CorporationsCountless small businessesUniversities, Research Labs
K-12 SchoolsEnthusiasts and hobbyists
Current Statusenergetic and chaotic
Strengths
dense surface networks
responsive to local needs
grass roots participation
near population centers
regional collectives
Weaknesses
Mostly locally drivenLacking a national strategy
Disparate systemsSingle application
Unknown exposuresUnknown standards
Various comms protocolsA condition of “false sparsity”Spatial gaps and sensor gaps
Increased coordination is indicated.
Few vertical profiles
Oklahoma, “gold Standard” or “lunatic fringe” ??
Soil moisture
What’s needed to improve functionality and increase benefits to the nation?
Provide an organizational framework for coordination, integration and interoperability
Make far better use of what we have to satisfy multiple national applications
Augment current observations in the strategic gaps identified
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A Challenge
To preserve and enhance the rich diversity of investment (mainly motivated by unique local interests)
While also introducing sufficient coordination
To realize increased benefits for multiple national needs.
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What Observations are Needed?And what enhancements do these infer?
Basic Infrastructure to Monitor and Predict Mesoscale Weather
Energy Security
Public Health and Safety
Transportation
Water Resources and Food Production
We looked for “common threads” among these.
We also discussed the benefits to be derived for and from research.
A Phenomenological Approach was used for core weather monitoring and prediction components
Common Threads
X important gaps may exist;
so inadequate that no network can be said to exist.
Inferred Priorities from Common Threads
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MOST NEEDED: Profile Data Height and structure of the PBL Soil moisture and temperature profilesHigh resolution vertical profiles of humidity ABOVE THE SURFACE LAYER: carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter < 2.5µ microns
NEEDED:
Direct and diffuse radiationHigh vertical resolution profiles of wind and temperature Sub-surface temperature profiles (e.g., under pavement) Icing near the surface Surface turbulence parameters
Urban, Coastal and Mountainous Regions have added complexity, increased societal impact,
and are especially in need of augmentation.
The Vision
To create the network of our dreams…
A Network of Networks (NoN), serving multiple applications, jointly provided and used by government, industry, academia and the public.
NoN could be enabled to dynamically configure customized networks….. As specified by the users themselves.
Albeit at different levels of effectiveness, this can be implemented with or without additional observing systems.
Steps to Ensure Progress
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Key Attributes of an Idealized NoN
Stability and Continuity
Incentives to Participate
Metadata, Metadata, Metadata
Access to More and Better Data
Establish and protect data/IP rights
Rolling review of societal needs, gaps, requirements
Flexibility to evolve and adapt to new conditions across sectors
A local presence for regular contact with providers and stakeholders
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Essential Core Services
We recommend 13 enabling services:
Expert assistance and monetary incentives to maintain standards
Knowledge of data available and suitable to one’s own application
Ease of access to custom-configured sets of observations/analyses
Archival of data commensurate with useful lifetimes
Economy of access to products and services from other providers
The importance of extensive metadata is absolutely critical to the effectiveness of an NoN. 17 categories of metadata are defined
Organizational Model Options
Publicly Chartered, Private Non-Profit Corporation
Privately Chartered Non-Profit Corporation (501c3 – e.g., ESIP)
Confederation of Federal Agencies
Seeded Viral NoN
x Lead Federal Agency
X Multi-level Government Confederation
x Government-Industry Confederation
x Private For-Profit Corporation
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We have assumed it is necessary and desirable to engage the full breadth of the mesoscale observations
enterprise.
A hybrid
“Corporation for Environmental Monitoring”
To provide 13 “essential core services”
Does not own or operate individual networks.
An enabling entity that comes into play only insofar as is necessary to realize the added utility and functionality of an NoN.
A minimum degree of centralization for coordination and interoperability.
Able to receive and transfer funds from all entities, including Congress.
A relatively small but vital fraction of the public-private enterprise.
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We highlighted this option
Convene the Stakeholders
Stakeholders, including all levels of government, various private sector interests, and academia should collectively develop and implement a plan for achieving and sustaining a mesoscale observing system to meet multiple national needs.
a summit to achieve “buy-in”, followed by numerous professional/technical forums…..
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End User Assessment
The stakeholders should commission an independent team of social and physical scientists to conduct end user assessments
for selected sectors.
current use and value in decision-making;
anticipated added value associated with proposed new observations
periodic assessments of the societal impact and its value
This is envisioned as an ongoing and recurring activity.
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A Multi-faceted Relationship to Research
As users for the conduct of researchleverages a national backbone, lower cost, better experiments everywhere
As providers of data to the broader NoNimproved analyses, “testbeds” to assess the utility of added observations
As developers of advanced technologies opportunity to investigate and demonstrate their potential use and value
The opportunities may be especially ripe for biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere interactions (e.g. CASA, NEON, CUASHI).
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Take Home Message
We have a dream:
A NoN that is dynamically user-configurable and interoperable.
Participating organizations serve only their own mission, while their contributions are enabled to serve
multiple national needs.
The organization should mirror the stakeholders themselves, being similarly adept and responsive to large
agencies, academia, major corporations, local districts, small businesses and volunteers.
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The most formidable challenge before us is to assemble this grand alliance!
Questions? Comments?
Committee on Developing Mesoscale Meteorological Observational Capabilities to Meet Multiple National Needs. Irvine, CA,
February 2008. Photo courtesy of Peggy LeMone.