GLOBAL WARMING:Reality & Fantasy

“Geology is primarily history – a history of the earth”. (Pettijohn.,F.J. “Sedimentary Rocks”. Second edition. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1957.)

“Historical Geology is the integrating science which combines data from almost all other branches of earth science in a form from which historical geology emerges as a natural product.”

(Krumbein., W.C. and Sloss.; L.L. “Stratigraphy and Sedimentation”. W.H. Freeman and Company. California. 1956.)

Anderson C. R. SoaresGeologist

contato@petroleoeecologia.com.br

Salvador-Bahia-Brazil

Introduction Every phenomena ocurred in the Earth’s surface and subsurface are geological. To study the phenomena is important to include them in this concept.            The scientific fundaments that we’re going to list are detailed in the book “Petróleo e Ecologia: Uma

Contestação à Ciência Ortodoxa”.

About Geology

The actual planet conditions represent just a passing time of a process that evolutes constantly. This is the reason why the knowledge of evolution process, that is, the Geological History, from the beginning up to end, is completely necessary. In fact, the Earth’s history is the same history of its energy degree from a maximum extent, until the moment the sphere volume organizes itself in its principal parts: nucleus, regolito, lithosphere, hydrosphere and, floating on globe’s surface, is the atmosphere, the most exterior level of Earth’s structure.

Geological History In coldness process, the elements gathering (the ones that are listed in Mendeleyev Periodic Table) starts. After  the elements,  the compounds were formed according to  their physical and chemical affinities, leading to the gases and two magma species, distincts because of density and color. One of them is dark, very dense and origins the “oceanic rocks” (basalt); the other one is light, less dense and origins the “continental rocks” (granite). Ending the process of colding by the atmosphere coming near, the geological panoram is defined like this: two kinds of rock on the globe’s surface, the water occupating the low parts of the topografy nd the gases, the lightest part, forming the atmosphere, complete the planet’s structure.  The first change is on the bulkiest part formed by the two magma solidifying, and it depends on globe’s internal energy and its movements. The second change happens on the atmosphere. This one is affected by Sun’s energy. From now on, we are going to emphasize, specially, the evolutive process that happens in Earth’s atmosphere and its consequences. In the beginning, specially CO2 and nitrogen, compose the atmosphere. Like a consequence of carbon succession property, that consists on the capacity it has of linking up among them and with other gases.They form, when in contact with Sun’s energy, organic chains that are increased constantly. The energy that binds the molecules remains in them.

The vegetal and animal life

The hydrocarbonet chains formed by Sun’s energy and with certain quantity of mass are attracted by Earth’s mass gravity and fixed in the suface, in all parts of the globe, continental or marine ones, looking for adaptation to the new environment. It’s the beginning of vegetal life. Thus begins the slow rarefaction of the atmosphere by CO2 consumption in the process of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, vegetals consume six molecules of CO2 for their growing and produce six O2 molecules to atmosphere by the oxidation of the water extracted from the soil. The O2 percentual in atmosphere increases, in the same way that CO2 one decreases. The photosynthesis phenomenon formula makes clear the operation dynamic process of Earth’s atmosphere: the vegetals fix CO2, forming combustible and exhaling O2, the nature’s comburant.

Note: To put the word energy in resultant chemical formula is just an idea to emphasize the energy fixed in vegetals.

When certain oxigen percentual is obtained in atmosphere, the animal life is possible, trying to be adapted to all kinds of environmet, marine or continental ones. The species have lungs, locomotion, growth and breeding capacity, differently from vegetals, because they have to look for food. Time passes by and the quantity of O2 increases in the same way the CO2 one decreases, due to the photosynthetic process. Vegetal life quality doesn’t change while CO2 is present in atmosphere. Animal life changes and demands adaptations while CO2 becomes rare and the oxigen quantity increases. It’s the process operation of: 1. Origin, evolution and extinction of the species. 2. Beginning of the combustible and comburant of nature.

Oil origin and the Cycle of Energy After death of vegetals and animals, like organic rubbish, is changed into oil, in basin of sedimentation, during the geological time. Very important conclusion about the Cycle of Energy: Oil is the energy of the Sun stocked in subsurface. (Figure 1) The CO2 maximum quantity of initial atmosphere is changed by temperature and pressure conditions of subsurface into oil daily used. There’s a really wrong idea about CO2: the carbonic gas percent in atmosphere is minimum and decreasing and not increasing like people think (Figure 2).   When any combustible, including oil, is burnt, it turns into its first chemical components, water and CO2 and, in this way, the initial CO2 that was and still is the food for vegetals is rescued, making equilibrated the percentual existent, what permits the keeping of the life in the planet. Thus, CO2 cannot be considered a pollutant!

GREENHOUSE EFFECT In fact, the Earth’s atmosphere operation does not permit any hypotheses about any global warming caused by CO2 emission that comes from oil burning. The carbonic gas effects are fearing the humanity just because of the “Energy’s Cycle” unknowledge. It’s not more than a big misunderstanding related to CO2 knowledge: the carbonic gas percentual in atmosphere is minimum and decreases, i. e, it doesn’t increase. Added to the fact of CO2 exist in a very little quantity (0, 032%), the carbonic gas is mixed, homogeneously, with other gases by the planet’s rotation moviment, whitch occurs at 460m/sec and for the fact of the troposphere to be a turbulent layer. And more, is immediately absorved in photosynthetical process by vegetals around the world, in all kinds of environments, continental or marine ones, with no possibility of being acumulated in any place. Is important to remember that the population of CO2 consumers, the vegetals, is much more numerous than the replacers of the same gas, that is, the men and their machines. And more: the energy of the machine that takes CO2 off, the solar light, is endless. The process described previously also determines that the life’s end in the planet is a fact (Figure 3) ,

6CO2 + 12 H2O C6

ENER H12

GY O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

COMBUSTIBLE COMBURANT

but a “life contempt” is possible by the replacement of a minimum CO2 quantity to the atmosphere, burning oil. And only human being can do that because it’s the unique animal that consumes fossil combustible and use machines with internal combustion. This is the way to recuperate the necessary gas to feed animals and vegetals, besides to provide new working areas to planet’s habitants. The CO2 replacement process is recent, since the most intensive use began after the World War II (1939-1945) and the oil consumption is more substantial in industrialized countries. Most part of the countries consume little oil for their development. The factors that determine the global warming are: 1. The energy of the Sun; 2. The velocity of rotation and translation of the Earth; 3. The inclination of planet’s rotation axis over the ecliptic plane.These three parameters are absolutely fix in the planet’s natural dynamic and nothing can change them.The mean temperature of Earth`s globe varies from, almost, positive 50o C to negative 50o C and it depends only on the previous factors.

See some of the news noticies:

1. Melting Polar Ice Caps

The polar glaciers get frozen and less frozen, cyclicaly, depending just on the “tropical year”, that is, in each six months. It’s a phenomenon that depends on the Earth’s axis inclination on the ecliptics and also on the globe’s translation movement. In the picture of solstice in South (Figure 4), the globe and the poles can be seen: south pole all lighted and getting less frozen and north pole in the darkness and totally frozen again, in real time, on December 21st . In solstice North, on June 21st, the phenomenon happens in the other way around (Figure 5). Each solstice, there’s the defrosting in one pole and the simultaneous freezing in the other one, in both globe’s hemispheres. Without considering these events, without recognizing the Earth’s mecanic operation, a continuous melting is said to be the result of an inexistent greenhouse effect, what comes up on alarming news.

2. The Sea’s raising level

Sea level is always the same. There are just local variations,those is called tides (high tide or low tide), and it depends almost exclusively on Moon’s position in its rounding around the Earth, and lightly influinciated by Sun’s gravity. The Earth’s water quantity is fixed and its level never varied and never is not going to. Instead, the continents go up and down, giving a wrong impression to some observers. When the continent goes up, the montains are formed, geologically strong, like the Andine range, in Chile. When the continent goes down, the continental margin (beaches, estuaries, buildings, etc) do the same calmly. The picture, in photos of the brazilian continental platform, shows that part of the South-american continent has already submerged, in Atlantic Ocean, both in North (Figure 6) and South (Figure 7), an observed phenomenon in all Atlantic Coast and really evident in the coastline. The fact has nothing to do with Sea’s level elevation.

The challenge is changing the paradigms The real understanding of Earth’s globe depends on the real change of paradigms about planet’s origin and its phenomena. It’s a great error to consider harmful CO2 to the planet! The CO2 percentual is minimum (0,032%) and decreases, mixed with out of proportion with nitrogen quantity (78%) and oxigen (21%) in the atmosphere. The quantity of this gas is dangerously low and if it gets even lower, the vegetals species will disappear by food lack and so the humanity and other animals will disappear too, because of the same reason. Based  in  all  of  this,  there’s  no  scientific/geological  fundaments  that  justifies  the  creation  of  the “greenhouse effect” myth like a result of CO2 emission . It’s just one more, among all the other legends in recent past

The life’s ending prospect in the Earth shall be preceded by the serious inflation in  food prices to the increasing of the planet`s population.The food scarcity shall also be the consequence of a wrong policy that incentivate the consumption of ethanol and “biocombustibles”. We need to plant food! Only a oil low-prices policy can increase its use, in a large way, in the way job and development can be created in the country. From all has been said in this paper, the developed countries, which burn too much oil in their industries (USA, Japan, China, England, Singapore, Germany, Holland, etc) must be an exemple to be followed, that’s just the opposite that’s been happening. The policy of the so-called environmentalists, in general are well-intentioned people but poorly enlightened with respect to Geology, is, in actual fact, a policy of collective suicide. Geologically speaking, CO2 emissions are not a problem but rather the solution for a better life here on Earth.

FIGURE 1

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