Atomic structure powerpoint (boundless)

• Overview of Atomic Structure

• Atomic Number and Mass Number

• Isotopes

The Structure of the Atom

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > The Structure of the Atom

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Structure of an Atom

Elements, such as helium, depicted here, are made up of atoms.Atoms are made up of protons and neutrons located within the nucleus, with electrons in

orbitals surrounding the nucleus.


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Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 amu and are found in the nucleus.However, protons have a charge of +1, and neutrons are

uncharged.Electrons have a mass of 0 amu, orbit the nucleus, and have a charge of -1.


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• An atom is composed of two regions: the nucleus, which is in the center of the

atom and contains protons and neutrons, and the outer region of the atom which

holds its electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

• Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24

grams, which scientists define as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton.

• Each electron has a negative charge equal to the positive charge of a proton.

• Neutrons are uncharged particles found within the nucleus.

Overview of Atomic Structure


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Structure of an Atom

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• Despite having different numbers of neutrons, isotopes of the same element have

very similar physical properties.

• Some isotopes are unstable and will undergo radioactive decay to become other

elements.

• The predictable half-life of different decaying isotopes allows scientists to date

material based on its isotopic composition, such as with Carbon-14 dating.

Isotopes


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Application of carbon dating

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Atomic number, Chemical Symbol, and Mass Number

Carbon has an atomic number of six, and two stable isotopes with mass numbers of twelve and thirteen, respectively.Its atomic mass is 12.11.


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Which of the following statements correctly describes the relative

masses of the three subatomic particles?

A) Protons and electrons weigh the same, neutrons weigh much less.

B) Neutrons and electrons weigh the same, protons weigh much less.

C) Protons and neutrons weigh the same, electrons weigh much less.

D) Protons, neutrons and electrons all weight the same.


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masses of the three subatomic particles?

A) Protons and electrons weigh the same, neutrons weigh much less.

B) Neutrons and electrons weigh the same, protons weigh much less.

C) Protons and neutrons weigh the same, electrons weigh much less.

D) Protons, neutrons and electrons all weight the same.

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charges of the three subatomic particles?

A) Neutrons are positive, electrons are neutral, protons are negative.

B) Electrons are positive, protons are neutral, neutrons are negative.

C) Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, electrons are negative.

D) Protons and neutrons have a charge of +1, while electrons have a

much smaller charge.





charges of the three subatomic particles?

A) Neutrons are positive, electrons are neutral, protons are negative.

B) Electrons are positive, protons are neutral, neutrons are negative.

C) Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, electrons are negative.

D) Protons and neutrons have a charge of +1, while electrons have a

much smaller charge.






Which of the following statements accurately describes the

locations of the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?

A) The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while the electrons orbit

the nucleus.

B) The protons and electrons are in the nucleus, while the neutrons orbit

the nucleus.

C) The neutrons and electrons are in the nucleus, while the protons orbit

the nucleus.

D) The protons, neutrons and electrons are all in the nucleus.




Which of the following statements accurately describes the

locations of the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?

A) The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while the electrons orbit

the nucleus.

B) The protons and electrons are in the nucleus, while the neutrons orbit

the nucleus.

C) The neutrons and electrons are in the nucleus, while the protons orbit

the nucleus.

D) The protons, neutrons and electrons are all in the nucleus.






If an element has a mass number of 18, what can be said about

the number of protons and neutrons it contains?

A) It has 8 protons and 10 neutrons.

B) It has 10 protons and 8 neutrons.

C) It cannot be determined from the information given.

D) It has 9 protons and 9 neutrons.




If an element has a mass number of 18, what can be said about

the number of protons and neutrons it contains?

A) It has 8 protons and 10 neutrons.

B) It has 10 protons and 8 neutrons.

C) It cannot be determined from the information given.

D) It has 9 protons and 9 neutrons.






If an atom has _______ protons, what is its atomic number?

A) It depends on the number of neutrons in the atom.

B) It depends on the number of electrons in the atom.

C) 8

D) 16




If an atom has _______ protons, what is its atomic number?

A) It depends on the number of neutrons in the atom.

B) It depends on the number of electrons in the atom.

C) 8

D) 16






Which of the following statements concerning isotopes is true?

A) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the exact same

atomic mass.

B) Isotopes are atoms of different elements that have the same atomic

mass.

C) Isotopes are atoms of different elements that have different atomic

masses

D) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different atomic

masses.




Which of the following statements concerning isotopes is true?

A) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the exact same

atomic mass.

B) Isotopes are atoms of different elements that have the same atomic

mass.

C) Isotopes are atoms of different elements that have different atomic

masses

D) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different atomic

masses.






Which of the following measurements used in radiometric dating

can be used to determine the age of fossils?

A) The decrease in the amount of an unstable radioisotope according to

its known half-life

B) The increase in the amount of an unstable radioisotope according to

its known half-life

C) The current half-life of a stable radioisotope in the sample

D) The amount of a radioisotope leached into surrounding environments

according to its known half-life




Which of the following measurements used in radiometric dating

can be used to determine the age of fossils?

A) The decrease in the amount of an unstable radioisotope according to

its known half-life

B) The increase in the amount of an unstable radioisotope according to

its known half-life

C) The current half-life of a stable radioisotope in the sample

D) The amount of a radioisotope leached into surrounding environments

according to its known half-life




Key terms

• atom the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus

surrounded by electrons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• atomic mass the quantity of matter in an atomic particle, sub-atomic particle, or molecule (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• atomic number The number of protons in an atom. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• electron The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor

constitutes electricity. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• isotope any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of

neutrons within their nuclei (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• neutron A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge.It is equal in mass to a proton. (CC BY-SA

3.0)

• proton Positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an

element. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



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Attribution

• Connexions. "Fundamental force types." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m14044/latest/

• Connexions. "Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks." CC BY 3.0




• Wikibooks. "A-level Chemistry/OCR/Atoms, Bonds and Groups/Atoms and Reactions/Atoms." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Chemistry/OCR/Atoms,_Bonds_and_Groups/Atoms_and_Reactions/Atoms



• Wikipedia. "Radiocarbon dating." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating




http://cnx.org/content/m14044/latest/






http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Chemistry/OCR/Atoms,_Bonds_and_Groups/Atoms_and_Reactions/Atoms




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating

Technology

Atomic structure powerpoint (boundless)