BacillusBacillus

Aerobic bacilli-B.anthracisAerobic bacilli-B.anthracis

Anerobic bacilli-Clostredium tetaniAnerobic bacilli-Clostredium tetani

Bacillu anthracis Bacillu anthracis

Gram +veGram +ve Aerobic spore bearing bacilliAerobic spore bearing bacilli Thermophilic and psuchrophilicThermophilic and psuchrophilic B.cereus-food borne gastroenteritisB.cereus-food borne gastroenteritis Produces endosporesProduces endospores

First bacterium observed under microscopeFirst bacterium observed under microscope First communicable d/s transmitted by inoculation of First communicable d/s transmitted by inoculation of

infected bloodinfected blood First to be isolated In pure culture and used for the First to be isolated In pure culture and used for the

preperation of attenuated vaccinepreperation of attenuated vaccine Used in biological warfereUsed in biological warfere One of the largest pathogenic bacteriaOne of the largest pathogenic bacteria Capsulated PP capsuleCapsulated PP capsule M’Fadyean’s reaction-Polychrome methylene blue M’Fadyean’s reaction-Polychrome methylene blue

for few seconds-purplish material around the bacillusfor few seconds-purplish material around the bacillus Bamboo stick appearencesBamboo stick appearences NonmotileNonmotile Spores – central /terminalSpores – central /terminal

Culture Culture

Agar plates –frost glass appearanceAgar plates –frost glass appearance Low power –medusa plate appearanceLow power –medusa plate appearance Gelatin stab culture-inverted fir treeGelatin stab culture-inverted fir tree Blood agar-nonhemolyticBlood agar-nonhemolytic Selective medium-PLET medium-Selective medium-PLET medium-

Virulence factorsVirulence factors

Capsular PPCapsular PP Anthra toxinAnthra toxin Pathogenicity testing by inoculation into Pathogenicity testing by inoculation into

guinea pigsguinea pigs

AnthraxAnthrax

ZoonosisZoonosis Human d/s from animal-direct /indirectHuman d/s from animal-direct /indirect d/s may bed/s may be

1.1. CutaneousCutaneous

2.2. PulmonaryPulmonary

3.3. IntestinalIntestinal

All leading to fatal septicemia/meningitisAll leading to fatal septicemia/meningitis

Cutaneous Cutaneous

Entry thru skinEntry thru skin Satellite lasions arranged around a central Satellite lasions arranged around a central

necrotic lesion which is coverd by a black necrotic lesion which is coverd by a black eschar- the name anthrax meaning coal comes eschar- the name anthrax meaning coal comes from the black colour of escharfrom the black colour of eschar

These lesions are called Malignant pustulesThese lesions are called Malignant pustules Hide porter’s d/s-common in dock workers-Hide porter’s d/s-common in dock workers-

carrying loads and skins on their bare back.carrying loads and skins on their bare back. Generally resolves spaontaneouslyGenerally resolves spaontaneously

Pulmonary Pulmonary

Wool sorte’s d/sWool sorte’s d/s Inhalation of infected wool particlesInhalation of infected wool particles Haemorrhagic pneumonia with high fatality Haemorrhagic pneumonia with high fatality

ratesrates Haemorrhagic meningitis is a main Haemorrhagic meningitis is a main

complicationcomplication

Intestinal Intestinal

RareRare Violent enteritis Violent enteritis Bloody diarrhoeaBloody diarrhoea Primitive communities who eat carcasses of Primitive communities who eat carcasses of

animalsanimals

Lab d/gLab d/g

Microscopy, culture,M’fadyeans reaction Microscopy, culture,M’fadyeans reaction Serology-CFT,ELISASerology-CFT,ELISA Ascol’s thermo precipitation test-Ascol’s thermo precipitation test-

demonstration of anthrax antigen in tissue demonstration of anthrax antigen in tissue extractsextracts

Nucleic acid detectionNucleic acid detection

Treatment Treatment

DOC-PenicillinDOC-Penicillin StreptomycinStreptomycin DoxycyclineDoxycycline

ProphylaxisProphylaxis

Improvement of factory hygieneImprovement of factory hygiene Proper sterilizationProper sterilization Proper disposal of animal carcassesProper disposal of animal carcasses Vaccination of animalsVaccination of animals